,J^

Th9 Catholic Theological Union ^ LIBRARY Chkatpo, IR^

J

The Fortnightly Review

Founded, Edited, and Pubhshed

By ARTHUR PREUSS

THIRTY-SECOND YEAR

VOLUME xxxn

1925

ST. LOUIS, MO.

1925

(t^lAAA founds a PERPETUAL tplUlIU BURSE for a native African Seminarian educated by the Society of St. Peter Claver. The interest on this amount supports a seminarian during the four years preparatory to ordination; another succeeds him as beneficiary of the Burse, and so on in perpetuity. Those contributing to this laudable charity will ever be remem- bered in the Holy Sacrifice offered by these African priests.

Donations of any amount will be gratefully accepted.

The Sodality of St. Peter Claver has two open burse funds: one in honor of the Sacred Heart and one in honor of Our Lady of Victory.

(Any one is at liberty to found or give a burse in honor of any saint or in memory of a relative or friend.)

Address: Society of St. Peter Claver, Fullerton Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.

Victor J. Klutho EMIL FREI ART GLASS CO.

Architect and Superintendent

Churches, Schools, and Institutions

Syndicate Trust Building Tenth and Olive Streets Saint Louis, Missouri

Illinois Licensed Engineer

MISSIONARY SISTERS

Numerous Sisters are needed in our foreign fields. For details in regard to admission into the Community of the Mis- sionary. Sisters, Servants of the Holy Ghost, write to Sister Provincial, Holy Ghost Convent, Techny, 111.

Munich Antique Figure Windows for Churches a Specialty

All kinds of Glass Painting Leaded Glass Mosaics

3934 South Grand Blvd.

ST. LOUIS, MO.

WM. KLOER

Church Decorator

Painting and Gilding of Statues and Altars Sceneries for Stages

1715 Longfellow Blvd. St. Louis, Mo.

5372

V.3i

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXXII, NO. 1

ST. LOUIS, MISSOUEI

January 1st, 1925

A Proposal for Peace Between Protestants and Catholics

The Rev. Frederick Lynch, editor of the Christian Wo7'k, of New York, in Vol. 117, No. 14 of that very fair- minded Protestant religious weekly, makes a strong plea for peace between Protestans and Catholics, — a plea all the more deserving of attention be- cause Dr. Lynch not only pleads for denominational peace, but proposes a practical plan for bringing it about.

"There are two points," says Dr. Lynch, "on which the Protestants sus- pect the Roman Catholic Church, name- ly, aiming after political supremacy of the Church in all countries and the at- tempt to get public money for its private schools. There are many in- cidental points at issue, but they all come back to these two points, and were there complete understanding here there would be little trouble. There is some Protestant feeling against cer- tain religious doctrines held by Rome, but the real trouble is not here. Most Protestants are ready to grant the Catholic the right to believe toward God as he wills. On the other hand there are two points at which the Ro- man Catholics suspect their Protestant brethren, namely, that they are out to convert Catholics to the Protestant faith, especially in Europe, where much American money is being spent, and that they are leagued to keep Roman Catholics from their rightful place in government and public life. There is much Roman Catholic dread of Prot- estantism because of the fear that it is the enemy of real religion. (Most Protestants do not realize how strong- ly the Roman Catholic feels on this point. He thinks Protestantism is the one source of the weakening of religion and the Church. It has split Chris- tianity up into a lot of sects. By its easy divorce it has turned marriage

into free love. It has destroyed wor- ship and reverence. It has put a lot of prohibitory commands that have nothing to do one way or another with religion in the place of faith. It has run into heresy, etc.) Every Catholic thinks all this of Protestantism and fears it as the enemy of true religion. But, on the whole, the average Catholic is Avilling the Protestant should believe toward God as he wills. The real dif- ficulty thus goes back to the four ques- tions we mentioned above.

"Now the one thing to do at once, and it is the only way out of the impasse, is to bring together in con- ference in various centers of America, the leaders of the two communions for two purposes, mutual acquaintance and

mutual expression The conferees

should be the most eminent men in each communion and laymen as well as ec- clesiastics should participate.

"Such conferences, in New York, Boston, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, Cleveland, Chicago, and other cities we might mention, might begin with the question of the schools. Let the Roman Cath- olics state frankly why they wish parochial schools, on what theory they ask for public money, their ideals of education, and their convictions on the necessity of linking religion with edu- cation, which they undoubtedly hold tenaciously. Let the Protestants be just as frank in stating their objections to all this and present their argument for the public schools and their theory of education divorced from the Church. Let each side be allowed to ask the most searching and pertinent questions. The results of four such conferences would change the whole status of the situation and we should be on the way to getting somewhere.

"Then, at the next conference the

THE FORTNIGPITLY EEVIEW

January 1

matter of the Church and its relation to politics and the powers that be, should be taken up. Perhaps it might be well to have a preliminary con- ference on the nature of the Church, but above all let the Roman Catholics say what they mean by the Pope's temporal power and ultra-montanism, just how far Rome tries to control political and governmental action in countries outside of Rome, especially in America. Let the Protestants lay before the Catholics such accusations as Dr. Tipple puts forth in his book, 'Alien Rome,' and let them answer. It would be very interesting and clear the air w^onderfully to have such men as Cardinal Hayes, Dr. J. J. Walsh, Archbishop Glennon, Father Tierney, editor of America, and Father Ryan, answer these accusations where each side could speak with perfect freedom. Ask the Roman Catholics openly whether their zeal for their Church is purely for its spiritual triumph. Ask the eminent Catholics present whether the Vatican dictates to Ameri- can Catholics or not how they shall vote. Ask them whether a Catholic's first allegiance is to his Church or to his country. Hundreds of Protestants make these accusations. Make them directly to these men where they can have a chance to answer. We should think they would be glad of such an opportunity. Were we a Catholic, we should welcome it gladly. Then let the Protestants state their theory of Church and State, followed by free discussion.

" As we said above — and few Protes- tants know this — the Roman Catholics are just as suspicious of us as we are of them and if one of our readers should live among Roman Catholics for a while he would hear just as many fearful and terrible things said of us as we say of them. So let the next conference be one where they could freely question us on the matter of proselytizing. They think the Prot- estant Church is out to proselytize in Latin America, in France, in Italy, in other lands. Let them have a chance to make their accusations and let us have a chance to disabuse their minds.

Perhaps we owe it to them to tell them why we are in Roman Catholic coun- tries.

"The fourth conference should be devoted to the accusation the Roman Catholics are making that Protestants are leagued together to keep them from their lawful political rights as Ameri- can citizens. Are they so leagued to- gether, and if they are, why? What is the attitude of Protestants as a whole to such anti-Catholic movements as the Ku Klux Klan ? Are they in sympathy with it or not? Most Catholics think they are. Let all organizations be free- ly ^^discussed — the Knights of Columbus and the Y, M. C. A. especially — and let their true aims be presented and the real facts laid bare."

This is a fair and well-meant pro- posal and should be received in the same spirit in which it was made. It seems Dr. Lynch 's personal experience with the editorial staff of America led to his conceiving this peace plan. If all Catholics were as well instructed in their faith and as open to conviction as the learned Jesuits of America, and if all Protestants had the intelligence and good will of Dr. Lynch, the execution of his proposal might prove effective as a means of restoring interdenomina- tional peace. As it is, however, we cannot be as optimistic as the genial editor of Christian Work. The Cath- olic position on the two disputed points mentioned, and on many others not mentioned by Dr. Lynch, but well known to readers of anti-Catholic books and newspapers, has been frequently set forth by authoritative Catholic leaders, and any Protestant can as- certain the truth for the asking. The trouble is that very many of them do not want the truth, because they are unwilling to modify their own position and refuse to give to their hated "Romanist" fellow-citizens the credit that is due them.

Nevertheless, the prospect of con- vincing even a small group of weU- intentioned leaders would be worth going to a lot of trouble and expense on the Catholic side, and therefore we trust Dr. Lynch 's plan will meet with

favorable discussion in the Catholic press.

1925

THE FOETNIGHTLY EEVIEW

An Open Letter to the Governor of Georgia

By Patrick Henry Callahan

[Colonel Callahan of Louisville, well knoAvn to our readers as a frequent contributor to the Fortnightly Eeview, conducts a sys- tematic and extensive correspondence, which, in a certain sense, has made him famous. Letters of general interest are circulated among his wide circle of friends, resulting in additional observations, views, opinions and inside history that are interesting and at times valuable to writers and public men, to whom they are freely communicated. We append herewith a letter recently written by the Colonel to the Governor of Georgia on a matter familiar to Catholic readers and wish to call particular attention to the com- posure and gentleness displayed by the writer when approaching such a highly controversial subject.— Editor.]

Louisville, Ky., December 2, 1924. Gov. Clifford Walker, Atlanta, Ga. Dear Sir :

Mr. Rainey of Columbus, Ga., lias sent me a copy of a letter of October 27tli from your secretary, Mr. Bennett, with which you are perhaps familiar, and for obvious reasons have been wait- ing until after the election to write you.

The "wi'iter was Chairman of the Knights of Columbus Committee on War Activities, securing the privilege of placing our Welfare buildings in the Camps and arranging those programs and distributing those "creature-com- forts" which proved so acceptable and satisfactory not only to Catholic sol- diers, but to all of the soldiers, regard- less of creed, for our motto, as you may remember, was "Everybody Welcome — Everything Free. ' '

It was my pleasure to be in Georgia toward the end of October to make an address at Columbus and was astonish- ed at the time to read in the papers of the statement you had included in an address made at Kansas City, viz. :

"It is a different thing when the Cath- olic Secretary of a sympathetic President manipulates the chicanery of politics so as to place in the center of every national war camp a Catholic church, and drive out- side the border of that camp, on the back streets, in the back yard, on tlie alley ways, every Presbyterian, every Methodist, every Baptist, and every other Protestant church. ' '

On April 23rd, 1919, President Wilson issued an order from the White House, addressed to Dr. John L. Mott, giving the Y, M. C. A. the privilege of doing religious and welfare work in the camps, and it was my pleasure to go to Avork at once with the Y. M. C. A. people here on their program to raise money, as we had been working to- gether on many previous occasions, but a couple of weeks afterwards, to my great surprise, learned that their IDrogram for war work was to be con- fined to Protestant service, planning a Bible lesson at 5 :30 and a prayer meeting every night at 8 :30 in every camp and a similar Protestant service every Sunday.

Furthermore, the entire staff in every building in every camp, in accordance ■with the constitution of the Y. M. C. A., was to be selected from "active mem- bers of Evangelical churches," all of which created a delinquency in the arrangements to look after the welfare of the Catholic soldiers, who, as the Secretary of AVar officially announced later on, averaged "35% in our War Department camps, and even a larger percentage in the Navy. ' '

The K. of C. Camp programs be- came famous for the degree of liberty and the atmosphere of freedom given all soldiers and sailors — altogether re- creation and entertainment. There was no Catholic church in any camp and no religious service in any K, of C. build- ing from Monday morning till Satur- day night, and then confessions were heard, and Sunday mornings Masses were offered up on ;;n improvised altar, which was not in evidence at any other time, and the balance of the day was given over to recreation.

The Y. M. C. A. had from three to four times as many buildings in every camp as the Knights of Columbus, and in each building there was a permanent religious secretary seven days in the week, and there was no day that there was not some religious exercise in those

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 1

buildings, all of which you can con- firm through my friend, Dr. John L. Mott, General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A,, Madison Ave. and 46th Street, New York City,

The Y. M. C. A., as you know, is a Protestant institution, just like the Knights of Columbus is a Catholic society, the former to look after the religious welfare of the Protestants, and the latter to render the same ser- vice for the Catholic soldiers and sailors. If the Protestant churches have any complaint at all, it is against the Y. M. C. A., and not at all against President Wilson or the AVar and Navy Departments, and especially not against the Knights of Columbus.

You were woefully imposed upon, as mentioned in the recent letters of Secretar}^ Newton D. Baker, and the real facts, for instance, regarding Camp Gordon, near Atlanta, mention- ed by your Secretary, were as follows:

The Y. M. C. A., representing and acting for the Protestant churches, had three, and possibly five buildings com- pleted and being operated as above, with a complete Protestant personnel, including a Religious Secretary for each building, before the single K. of C. building was completed.

President Wilson, and especially Secretary Tumulty, had very little or nothing to do with the arrangements and perhaps knew nothing about them, all my instructions coming from Ray- mond Fosdick, a Baptist, Chairman of the Commission on Training Camps, of which Commission Mr. Eagan of At- lanta, likewise a Protestant, was a member.

Now that the election is over, it is my thought that the Governor of a great State like Georgia can not allow a misrepresentation of this kind to stand, and that you will take steps to correct the harm done the memory of Woodrow Wilson and your Catholic fellow-citizens.

Yours very truly, [Signed] Patrick Henry Callahan

P. S. My references here in Louisville : William Heybum, President, Belknap Hard-

ware Co. ; Lewis R. Atwood, President, Peaslee-Gaulbert Co., who Avere President and Vice President of the Y. M. C. A. here during the war; Dr. E. Y. Mullins, President, Southern Baptist Seminary; H. H. Mashburn, Supt., Kentucky Anti-Saloon League; any resident Protestant Minister. In Atlanta: John S. Cohen, Atlanta Journal; Rev. M. Ashby Jones, Baptist Minister; S. Lynn Rhorer, Georgia Paint & Glass Co., F. J. Cooledge, F. J. Cooledge & Sons; A. G. Montague, Y. M. C. A. Also the follow- ing:— Charles S. Barrett, Farmers' Alliance, Union City, Ga. ; Elmer Grant, Fairbanks Scale Works, Rome, Ga. All of the above are Protestants.

[NOTE: This letter gives information that may be news to many of our readers, show- ing just why and how, as well as when, the Knights of Columbus went into war work. Colonel Callahan informs us that this work was rather forced upon the Order, for at a directors' meeting, April 15th, 1917, right after the Declaration of War, it had been determined not to engage in such welfare work, as it would be too extensive and really outside the duties of a fraternity. It was six weeks later when conditions developed as above described, creating an emergency and making it necessary for some agency to assume the responsibility of looking after the welfare of the Catholic soldiers and sailors.]

Gerald P. Stevens, in his ''Ram- bung's of a Rolling Stone" (London: T. Fisher Unwin), tells among other things of his education at Westminster School and Cambridge University. Incidentally he supplies this bit of curious information: "The Westmin- ster way of pronouncing Latin was de- liberately adopted to prevent the boys when they became clergymen, as many did, from re-introducing the Latin Mass."

The first article in the current num- ber of the English Hisiorical Review treats of the four known contemporary manuscripts of the Magna Carta. Of these, two are in the British Museum and one in each of the cathedral ar- chives of Salisbury and Lincoln. Mr. J. C. Fox, the writer of the article, after giving much information regard- ing the manuscripts, traces the num- bering of the sections or chapters adopted by modern writers to Black- stone.

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

An Auto Sacrsunental by St. Francis

Borgia, Re-edited by Father

Bonvin, S. J.

Rev. Father L. Bonvin, S. J., seems to have a predilection for rescuing half-forgotten compositions by saints and making them available for present- day performance. Not long ago he gave us a Gregorian mass by St. Hildegarde, and now he enables us to celebrate the resurrection of Our Lord with the great Jesuit, St. Francis Borgia. The preface of the work tells us that for three centuries, up to the middle of the nineteenth, the Poor Clares of Gandia, Spain, enjoyed the special privilege, accorded them by the Holy See, of reser\dng the Blessed Sacrament in a "sepulchre"' outside of their church, from Holy Thursday to Easter Sunday morning, when, in solemn procession, it was restored to the church. The holy Duke, Francis Borgia, not only composed music for this solemn ceremony, but also provided an endowment for its enactment in perpetuity. Only the vocal parts (duets, trios, and choruses) of the com- position have been preserved. But that instruments also participated in the performances is implied by the fact that they are specifically provided for in the endowment. Father Bouvin has added not only accompaniments to the vocal numbers, but also preludes and interludes (for piano, organ or or- chestra) in much the same style as the original, which greatly enhances the effectiveness of the work. Directions for performance of the composition on the stage are given in the score. The difficulties to be overcome in the pro- duction are not great, and the efforts expended will be amply repaid by the edifying impression produced.

The Eesurrection of the Lord. (Auto Sacramental), by St. Francis Borgia and Dr. Ludwig Bonvin, S. J. Op. 115. Eatisbon: Alfred Coppenrath. Joseph Otten

The prayer known as "Anima Chri- sti" is not by St. Ignatius, as many have been led to think, but occurs in 14th century MSS. No copy before that century has yet been found.

Criticism

The question: Is criticism in Cath- olic matters permissible ? was recently discussed in the London Catholic Uni- verse. A correspondent by name of Francis Hughesdon frankly pleaded for more of the "dry light of candid and unbiassed criticism" among Cath- olics in high as well as low station, for such criticism is needed not only by those in authority, but likewise and per- haps more so with regard to Catholic activities in general. ' ' We are much too prone to take credit to ourselves," he said, "too little inclined to note where we fail. Some may hold that criticism is incompatible with loyalty. I venture to think this is a great mistake and likely to have disastrous results. If we are only to say and hear pleasant things about ourselves, there is an end to all sincerity. The effect of hearing nothing but praise soon becomes nauseating. Whatever the merits of the particular subject discussed, we are debarred from hearing the plain, unvarnished truth. Moreover, the sup- pression of opinions conscientiously held is sure to have a bad effect on those who hold them. It is fatal to all enthusiasm and leads to a state of apathy which may end in non-obser- vance of religious duties, doubts, and loss of faith. . . . Freedom within wide limits for the expression of opinion is essential to preserve a healthy moral and intellectual tone. We Catholics are very prone to regard ourselves as a chosen people and to take for grant- ed our superiority to other communities in matters of conduct as well as of faith. This self-complacency, we know, is most dangerous in individuals. Is it not also for communities?"

We think Mr. Hughesdon is quite right, and the worst thing that could happen to the Catholic cause in this democratic age would be the lack of frank and honest criticism or its for- cible suppression.

Religion should not be used as caulk- ing— something to stuff into the cracks and crevices of life ; it should be the very warp and woof of life.

THE FOETNIGHTLY EEVIEW

January 1

When Was the Christian Religion Brought to America?

Msgr. Iv. M. Kaufmaun, the eminent German arelieologist, has written a new book wliich is attracting attention. It is entitled, "Amerika unci Urchristen- tum : Weltverkehrswege des Christen- tums naeh den Reichen der Maya und Inka in vorkolumbischer Zeit" and is publislied by the Delphin-Verlag of Munich.

The book is intended as a sort of promemoria and deals (1) with arteries of world commerce in antiquity, and (2) with traces of the culture of the old world and of early Christianity among the Mayas and Incas. In the civilization of these two ancient nations the author finds not merely, as other archeologists before him, reminders of Egypt and Asia, but things that must have been directly taken over. Par- ticLilarly striking is the comparison he draws between Peruvian and Coptic textiles. Still more surprising is the vast number of ancient Christian rel- ics on this continent. There are stone crosses and cross-like ornaments from pre-Columbian Mexico, dift'erent adapt- ations of the cross motive on the coast of Peru and along the Andes, deep down into the regions of the Amazon and the La Plata rivers, such wide-spread Christian symbols as the orante, so well known to us from the Catacombs, the dove with the bulla, the triumphal cross, etc., throughout Central and South America.

A careful study of these and other remnants of a very ancient culture on this continent has led Msgr. Kaufmann to the conclusion that the Christian religion must have been brought to America in the fifth or sixth century, and that it must have spread widely and exercised a profound influence on the life and manners of the population.

The learned author promises to publish a larger and sumptuously il- lustrated work on the subject in the near future, and hence it is but fair to postpone comment on his theory.

Wisdom sometimes takes the "pep" out of a man instead of putting it in.

The "Coming Christ" of the Theosophists

Our readers are aware that Mrs. Annie Besant, the leader of the Theo- sophical Society (for a short sketch of which see Preuss, "A Dictionary of Secret and Other Societies," pp. 456 sq.), has for some time been coaching a young Hindu to play the part of "the coming Christ." She had this fellow with her in Holland not long ago at the annual meeting of the Order of the Star of the East, the esoteric section of the Society. His name is Krish- namurti, and the adulation lavished upon him and Mrs. Besant herself throughout the report of the meeting in the September number of the official Herald of the Star throws a significant light on the whole movement.

"We have been extraordinarily for- tunate," writes one member, "because we have been walking in the wonderful sunlight of the presence of Dr. Besant;" whilst another asks: "Is there any language in the world in Avhich one could adequately express the infinite love and tenderness poured out by Mr. Krishnamurti upon each one of us during those never to be forgotten days?"

"It was amusing," we read again, "to see Mr. Krishnamurti fetch his meals and wash his plate and fork and knife, just as the others did." One must be a Theosophist to appreciate the humor of the spectacle, for in Mrs. Besant 's circle Krishnamurti appears not as a man, but as a divinity.

It would be unjust to blame this luckless youth for the cult of which he is made the object. Notoriety has been thrust upon him against his will. Left to himself, he would doubtless have preferred a manlier profession than that of forming the centre of a group of adoring women. Sane Theos- ophists, not under the domination of Mrs. Besant, describe liim as "quite a good lad." He confesses naively to having discovered an affinity in Charlie Chaplin : ' ' Many a philosopher would give many years of his life to feel as he does." We may yet live to see the famous mustache and interminable

1925

THE FOETNIGHTLY EEYIEW

trousers figuring on the platform of the Theosophical Society. Most of Mr. Krishnamurti 's reflections would hard- ly be out of place in a country parish magazine. No one, for example, could take exception to the axiom enunciated as "a great truth," that "all nations, all peoples of the world are required in the development of humanit.y. ' ' (Quotations from The Patriot, London, 16 Oct., 1924, Vol. VII, No. 141, p. 170).

The Rule of Faith in the First Two Centuries

A valuable contribution to the his- tory of apologetics is the scholarly in- vestigation into ' ' The Rule of Faith in the Ecclesiastical Writings of the First Two Centuries," a doctoral disserta- tion submitted to the Catholic Univer- sity of America by Fr. Alphonse John Coan, 0. F. M. The writer begins by showing the essential difference be- tween the Catholic and the Protestant rule of faith and then traces the evi- dence found for the Catholic rule of faith (that based on the authority of the Church in contradistinction to that based upon the Bible) in the writings of St. Clement of Rome, St. Ignatius of Antioch, St. Polycarp of Smyrna, St. Irenaeus of Gaul, and Tertullian of Carthage.

The upshot of the investigation is that the Protestant rule of faith was not taught and observed in the early Church, but, on the contrary, severely censured by the Fathers, who regarded private judgment as the root of heresy, dissension, and evil. "Their one and only standard of belief, their guiding- star in doubt and controversy," the author says, "was the tradition of the Apostles handed down in the Apostolic Churches, and taught and interpreted by the bishops."

The dissertation is wrought accord- ing to the most approved critical methods, though one may doubt whether such an elementary and ob- solete text-book as Wilhelm-Scannell 's "Manual of Catholic Theology" deser- ves a place in the ' ' bibliography " of a doctoral dissertation on an apologetic subject.

Leo XIII and Freemasonry

John J. Lanier, whoever he may be, has made a sensational discovery, which he publishes in the Felloivship Forum, of Washington, D. C, the well-kno^vn Masonic and IQuxer organ (Vol. IV, No. 10). It is that "the famous Bull issued April 20, 1884, by Pope Leo XIII, the last of the many Bulls issued by the Popes against Freemasonry, is .... in reality an attack upon the government of the United States and all constitutional forms of govern- ment. ' '

Needless to say, there is no such BuU by Leo XIII. Mr. Lanier probably has in mind the famous encyclical letter "Humanum genus," which bears date of April 20, 1884. This letter merely confirms the previous utterances of several Roman pontiffs on the sub- ject of Freemasonry, of which utteran- ces the reader wiU find an incomplete list in Fr. Gruber 's article ' ' Masonry ' ' in Vol. IX, p. 787 of the Catholic Ency- clopedia. (There he will also find an explanation of certain phrases contain- ed in the "Humanus genus," which have more than once been the occasion of erroneous charges.)

Leo XIJI is careful to state that he condemns Freemasonry ' ' in the univer- sal acceptation of the term, as it com- prises all kindred and associated so- cieties, but not all their single mem- bers." He also makes it clear that the papal condemnation is directed against Masonry as a sect which systematically promotes religious indifference and undermines true, i. e., orthodox Cath- olic faith and life. He furthermore stresses the fact that the principles professed by Freemasonry are equally dangerous to State and Church and must be combatted in the interests of both.

If Mr. Lanier would take the trouble to study a reliable translation of the encyclical "Humanus genus" (certain quotations in his article prove that he "has no Latin"), he would see that he is mistaken as to the character and meaning of that important document.

10

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

January 1

Notes and Gleanings

It requires strength and courage to swim against the stream; any dead fish can float with it.

Gilbert K. Chesterton's wdttiest epi- gram, according to Colimibia, is this: "The Man of Sorrows went into the desert forty days and forty nights — to laugh." This is not A^'itty; it is blasphemous !

Rev. W. G. Voliva, leader of the Dowieites, speaking in Shiloh Taber- nacle at Zion, 111., as reported in Leaves of Healing September 6, announced that the time of the millennium is close at hand ; it will be the next great event ; and seven years later Jesus will appear. On another page of the same paper Voliva advertises real estate in the Dowieite colony, all of it to be had on leases which run for a period of eleven hundred years. — Lutheran Wit- ness, Vol. XLIII, No. 22.

In the last Holy Year, 1900, Leo XIII celebrated two canonizations and six beatifications. There are quite a number of cases so far advanced at present that their solemn completion this year may be said to be assured. Those of Bl. Marie Madeleine Postel and Ven. Antonio Maria Gianelli have already seen the publication of the de- cree de tuto, the last stage before the ceremony, of canonization in the first case, beatification in the second. That of Ven. Giuseppe Cafasso has seen the reading, but not the publication of the de tuto decree. That of Bl. Vianney, Cure d'Ars, has passed the General Congregation. The ante-preparatory congregations have been passed in the causes of Bl. Marie Sophie Barat, foundress of the Ladies of the Sacred Heart, and Bl. Therese of the Child Jesus, so rapidly advanced. Next in order is the cause of Bl. Peter Canisius, which, in addition to the others named, should well have time to be completed before the year 1925 comes to an end. Discussion of miracles is in progress in the causes of Ven. Pierre Eymard, Ven.

Send
your orders for
CHURCH MUSIC
Masses, Hymn-books and Choir	Music
in general
to the one house in the United	States
specializing in that field
Upon request we will send	on ap-
proval, for a limited period, to any
responsible party, a parcel of "Fischer
Edition" publications.
Correspondence invited
Address all communications	to
J. FISCHER & BRO.
Fourth Avenue at Eighth Street (Astor	Place)
NEW YORK

The "CAECILIA"

Founded 1874 by the late Sir John Singenberger

The ONLY monthly magazine in the

WORLD in the ENGLISH LANGUAGE

devoted to CATHOLIC CHURCH

MUSIC.

Articles on Gregorian Chant, Choir Training, Organ Construction, Use of Organ Stops, Organ and Choir Music, Added feature: — Teaching of MUSIC in the CATHOLIC SCHOOLS.

Each issue contains a MUSIC SUPPLEMENT.

Subscription Price: $2.C)0 per yccir

Every PRIEST, RELIGIOUS, CATH- OLIC SCHOOL TEACHER, and OR- GANIST, should subscribe now, for 1925

Otto A. Singenberger Editor and Publisher

84 7 Island Ave. Milw^aukee, Wis.

1925

THE F0ETXIC4HTLY EEVIEW

11

Marie Michel of the Blessed Sacrament, Ven. Bernadette Soubirous, the Mar- tyrs of Corea, and Michael Ghebre, an Abyssinian priest and martyr.

The cottage plan for making an or- phanage more homelike is to be tried out on a large scale in the new Cath- olic diocesan orphanage in Cleveland, 0. "The building programme, which has been evolved after much research into the comparative merits of many existing institutions," vsrites the Rev. E. L. Leonard in the Alver7io Sentinel, "reveals an attempt to form a chil- drens' paradise. The orphanage will be practicall}' a miniature village. It is intended, when entireh' completed, to house some 2,000 children. Each cottage will be presided over by two Sisters. The number of children in each will not exceed forty. 180 acres of ground have already been pur- chased. There will be a common dining room, hall, and school. In other re- spects each group of children will have its separate entity." The underlying idea is, of course, to supply to these unfortunates a community life resem- bling that of the family circle as nearly as possible. We are eager to see how this test of the cottage plan on a large scale will turn out.

adequate to meet this need. We must move much farther, and should move much faster, if we would give our youth what they need to steel them against pagan philosophy and educa- tion. ' '

The necessity of Christian parish schools is becoming more widely rec- ognized among believing Protestants from year to year. The Lutheran Wit- ness (Vol. XLIII, No. 23) says that "to-day not a single voice in the Mis- souri Synod is heard extolling the Sunday school as an equivalent of Christian day-school training." The same paper quotes the Lutheran (U. L. C.) as saying: "Christian kinder- gartens and week-day parish schools have become a necessity. The longer the delay in organizing these two ad- ditional agencies, the greater will be the sin of omission." And Bishop Longley (Episcopal) : "If we do not have parochial schools, I do not know how we can supply the vital need of spiritual development as a basis for all the activities of life. The Sunday school has long been regarded as in-

According to the Interpreter, a monthly magazine published by the Foreign Language Information Ser- vice, 119 W. 41st Str., New York, there are published in the U. S. at the pres- ent time 1,200 foreign language pa- pers. A number of these print Eng- lish news and articles more or less regularly, and occasionally one of them adopts English entirely, though, as a rule, once a foreign language paper finds its circulation dwindling through no fault of its o-\vn, it means that the first generation of immigrants who formed its subscribers are all gone and the younger generation takes no in- terest in the respective language and in news from the country whence the original immigrants came; in other words, the "melting pot" has done its work, and the community is com- pletely' assimilated.

Polish immigration to America be- gan in the middle of the 17th century, when Martin Zborowski arrived here and settled in Hackensack, N. J. The census of 1920 gave the total number of Polish immigrants in this country as 1,139,979. Including the fiirst gener- ation of native-born descendants, it is estimated by the Interpreter (N. Y., Vol. Ill, No. 10) that there are about 3,000,000 Poles in America at the pres- ent time. Our largest Polish centres are Chicago, Detroit, Buffalo, Milwau- kee, Cleveland, Pittsburgh and vicinity, Philadelphia, Boston, and Baltimore. The Polish press in America is fairly large. There are 21 dailies and 55 weeklies and bi-weeklies. One of the dailies has been published continuous- ly for sixty years. The Poles are most- ly Catholics and constitute a numerous and important element in the Catholic body. They have many flourishing churches and parochial schools in dif- ferent parts of the country, especially

12

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

January 1

in the above-named cities. In the epis- copate they are represented by Bishop Rhode of Green Bay and Msgr. Plagens, recently consecrated auxiliary bishop of Detroit.

Father Ernest R. Hull, S. J., in the Bombay Examiner, recalls the memory of an old professor of his who, after a feast-day dinner, always retired straight to his room instead of walking about, like every body else. When asked what he did with himself, the professor replied that he spent his time reading St. Thomas — adding, as he ob- served his hearers smile — "the lighter articles!" "We wondered" says Fr. Hull, "which articles in St. Thomas could by any stretch of words be called 'lighter.' And yet not long ago we happened, while taking a rest after dinner, to take up one of the English volumes of the Summa, and actually found it 'lighter' reading than any newspaper. It came so fresh and in- teresting; it read at once naive and clever. It was refreshing to see the simplicity and directness with which men handled their theology eight cen- turies ago, and the cogent way in which they explained themselves. Somehow or other one felt that they had grasped the real reasons for things much better, with their smaller erudi- tion round the subject, than we grasp them nowadays with our greater eru- dition. Each issue was elemental; it involved the bare essence. Consequent- ly immediate touch and clear direct vision, with no foggy medium to ob- struct the view. ' '

The appreciation and encouragement of those who know us best are sweet; but faith — in ourselves, in our ideals, in our f ellowmen — is a sturdy staff to lean upon when all else fails. With faith in our knapsack we may walk unfaltering and assured.

The seven deadly sins have always been more fashionable than the four cardinal virtues.

HENRY P. HESS

ARCHITECT S. W. Cor. Taylor & Page Ave.

Office Tel. Del. 5648 Residence Forest 7040

Chalices and Ciboriums Regilded Gold and Silver

We have Episcopal permission for Gold Plating and Repairing of Consecrated Sacred Vessels.

Candlesticks, Censers, ete. Eevarnislied

Mueller Plating Co.

922 Pine St., Second Floor, ST. LOUIS, MO.

The Three Graces of modern girl- hood are : Looks, Clothes and ' ' Pep ' ' — and the greatest of these is ' ' Pep ! ' '

A SWISS CHARITABLE ORGANIZATION,

the Gesellscliaft zur Erziehung ge- fahrdeter katholischer Madchen, is is- suing bonds to the amount of 60,000 francs for the construction of a new home for Catholic girls in Basle, where the society, which consists of young women under vows and devoted for life to this eminently charitable object, has been doing splendid work for the past twelve years. Tlie inmates, poor neglect- ed Catliolic girls, are given emplojTnent and a good Christian training. This work is truly Christian and meritious, but it cannot be continued satisfactorily un- less the "Frauleins" are enabled to erect a larger and more adequate build- ing. About 25,000 francs are available for this purpose, but at least 60,000 more will be needed. The bonds are is- sued in denominations of 100 and 500 fr., and are an absolutely safe invest- ment, bearing four per cent interest and subject to being retired after ten years. Further information will be cheerfully furnished by the V. Kev. J. Eugene Weibel, senior priest of the Diocese of Little Eock, Ark., at present sojourn- ing in Lucerne (2, Kasemenplatz), to whom inquiries should be directed.

1925

THE FOETNIGHTLY EEVIEW

13

Correspondence

Partisan Propaganda under Catholic Colors

To the Editor: —

In connection with the review of Dr. Ryan's article on "Tactics for Catholic Citizens," which appeared in the December 15th F. E., allow me to say:

In addition to Father Cavanaugh, former- ly president of Notre Dame University, Conde B. Fallen, formerly of St. Louis, well kno\\Ti as an associate editor of the Cath- olic Encyclopedia, also sent propaganda to the Catholic papers, and owing to his Cath- olic prominence, it was widely printed and read. These gentlemen may think that they are not playing politics, because they are not specifying candidates or parties, but they might as well be doing so when they are advocating principles which have a partisan political significance, for this, in fact, is the most effective kind of political work.

If it were not for the well-known un- selfish work of Father .John A. Eyan, Ameri- can Catholics would be linked up in the public mind with everything that is ultra-con- servative and reactionary.

We are fortunate in having the Fortnight- ly Eeview to correct such conditions. D. X.

Politics and the Holy Name Parade

To the Editor:—

Eeferring to the communication from A. L. A. in your correspondence column (F. E., XXXI, No. 24, p. 485) it strikes me that A. L. A. can not be in very close touch with public men and political activity in and around Washington, or he would not have minimized the political effect of the Holy Name programme scheduled a few weeks be- fore the presidential election.

The national campaign headquarters, locat- ed in Washington, were deluged with letters from Democrats in all parts of the country, and the leaders were all boiling-mad, as they felt it was a pre-arranged plan to show the Catholic people in the country that Coolidge and the Eepublicans were close-up and satis- factory to the Catholic Church and the Cath- olics of the country.

One of the leading political writers whose copy is most widely read, wrote at the time as follows : ' ' All the candidates have made their best points upon a public that is still attentive. Mr. Coolidge has reviewed mem- bers of the Holy Name Societies (a line of them about five hours long) in Washington, and ought by this attention to have solidi- fied himself in the affections of the Republi- can Catholics. He stood in a reviewing stand with Cardinal O'Connell."

Cardinal 0 'Connell no doubt will snap his fingers, and properly so, at such criticism, exclaiming, "What have these petty politics and politicians to do with our more important

affairs?" — -but there are great numbers of Democrats that are not Catholics, and they will not look at the matter in this way.

There is, of course, no thought among us Catholics but that it was a coincidence, for none of us would believe for an instant that the leaders in our hierarchy could be tricked into any arrangement of this kind; but Democrats who are not Catholics Avill not be quick to forgive and forget.

The Eepublicans, of course, saw to it that the very most was made of the incident, not only through headlines in all the papers in the country, but in the "Topics of the Day" and in all "movies" the fraternizing of Cardinal O'Connell and President Coolidge was sho^^^l from every angle.

If the election had been close, we would have been blamed for the defeat; but the majority was so overwhelming that every- one realizes there were other causes as well.

Greater care might be exercised in the future in matters of this kind. D. A. D.

Washington, D. C.

The Missionary Spirit

To the Editor: —

The Eev. Eobert M. Browne says in the course of an article on ' ' The Missionary Spirit of the Catholic Church in the United States" in the December Missionary:

' ' There has been a tendency to over-em- phasize brick and mortar operations at the expense of the spiritual works and needs of the Church. We have been so busy build- ing up the material side that we found no time for more than an indifferent sermon that had been prepared for other times and peoples, and that was often preceded by a harangue on money a if airs, due to financial burdens, which priests must largely bear alone. ' '

How opportune and pertinent these words! What does God prefer — bricks or souls? Why not leave bricks and mortar in the care of laymen? Are not more bricks used than is necessary? God bless Father Browne for fearlessly saying what others dare not ! Christ says: "Seek ye first the kingdom of God and His justice. ' ' Build up the spiritual kingdom, then bricks and mortar will take care of themselves. Denton, Tex. (Rev.) Raymond Yernimont

Excerpts from Letters

The American Mercury, a monthly maga- zine edited by H. L. Mencken and George Jean Nathan, often criticizes us Catholics — priests, bishops, and cardinals included. It is an infidel magazine, blasphemous in parts, yet it is read by quite a number of Catholics. There is the Fortnightly Review, whose tone is staunchly Catholic, but how many of us read the truth placed before us in its pages by loyal sons of the Church, who write

14

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

Januarv 1

as, and for the benefit of, Catholics. The F. E.' in my opinion should be read by every cardinal, bishop, priest, and laynian, and its criticism should be heeded, — then the Ameri- can Mercury would have no reason to attack us. — (Kev.) Oscar Strehl, Chicago, 111.

Never before was the active and efficient service of Catholic laymen more imperative than at the present time. Our churches and our pulpits have their own field, but there are millions and millions of our fellow-citi- zens who are prejudiced against us by false notions and erroneous views which are being daily fed, intensified, or inflamed by ig- norance. These fellow-Americans cannot be reached by our pulpits, nor by missions for non-Catholics, nor by Avhat I will call for want of a better comprehensive term, the 'Catholic press. We are living in what is to a great extent an irreligious age outside of our own communion. There is in this aspect a great want, a great duty, a great task. How we should act, how we may effectively concentrate or co-ordinate our efforts, how we may reach and bring the truth home to our fellow- Americans whom we respect and who are all within the compass of our duty as laymen and Sodalists,— these are vital questions, each of which presents an ex- tremely difficult and complex practical problem. Scholarly and admirable as our Catholic press is, it does not reach those who it is of vital importance to us should know the truth.— Wm. D. Guthrie, N. Y. City.

For the busy pastor I know of no better periodical than the F. R. Such a man has not the undisturbed leisure to study long disserta- tions, but he can snatch the F. R. in odd moments and find ample matter therein to stimulate active thinking — the one preventa- tive of mental atrophy in a man much oc- cupied with routine work. The brevity of the articles and variety of subjects discussed attract the intelligent and busy reader. I gladly include the additional fifty cents de- manded, in renewing my subscription — (Rev.) E. J. Hunkeler, Wynot, Neb.

Enclosed the three dollars for next year's subscription. I am certain that all your subscribers will be only too glad to pay the slight increase rather than see such a unique and excellent magazine as the F. R. dis- continued. Your readers may not agree with you in all things, but anyhow, you cause them to stop and think, and that in itself is education. Keep up the good work and rest assured of the support of your friends when needed. — (Rev.) M. J. Bacso, SS. Peter and Paul's Slovak Church, Pliillipsburg, N. J.

Good Father Rothensteiner 's heart-to-heart talk (No. 23) on raising the subscription price of the F. R. needs no comment and surely will meet with the approval of ever)- subscriber. The F. R. is not only, as I wrote you last year, a treasure-house of valuable

DINNER BELLE BREAD

PAPENDICK BAKERY COMPANY ASK YOUR GROCER

SOS Two 511 N. OLIVE •^^°^^-' GRAND

i^^nniiitiit!!!iitiiijmi!iviiniHii«iijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiif^

Clerical Tailor

J. SELLMANN

Cassocks and Clerical Suits

made to measure

Moderate Prices

Cleaning and Pressing

Bell Grand 7832

Farmers & Merchants Trust Bldg. 3521 South Grand Av. St. Louis

TE1NER«SIeG9c

:srAMPs^^

22 BUTTONS&PINS^:^

STENCILS ^METALCnECl«.

THE DOMINICAN SISTERS OF THE

EUrHARISTIC HEART

Are in Need of Vocations

Applications may be addressed to

MOTHER SUPERIOR

726 Fifth Ave., N. Great Falls, Mont.

1925

THE FOKTXIGHTLY KEVIEW

15

data, but like a refreshing bouquet of rare flowers on one 's working desk. Fr. Rothensteiner is right when he says that we could do with less papers and could reduce them to a minimum without any great spiritu- al loss. For the sake of the good cause let us support as many Catholic papers as pos- sible, but above all let us stand by and keep up our F. R., for it is indispensable. — "Pastor Eusticanus, " Michigan.

I hope that every subscriber will sooner double his subscription than allow the esteem- ed F. R. to be discontinued. Enclosed I send five dollars for my subscription for 1925 and my ardent wish that every other subscriber do the same. Please do not think of giving up the Review! We need it, and I for my part would gladly pay much more to keep it in existence. May God give you better health and many more subscribers! — (Rev.) A. Krams, Westphalia, Mich.

Your change of subscription rate meets with my idea of what you should have done before; in fact your remarkable magazine would be cheap at five dollars a year. — Benjamin M. Read, Santa Fe, N. Mex.

I am sending you a check for three dollars to renew my subscx'iption. 1 consider the F. R. worth three dollars a single copy, while for some other periodicals I know three cents is too much. — (Rev.) Joseph Ludwig, Ant- werp, O.

BOOK REVIEWS

Minges's Compendium of Dogmatic Theology

Fr. Parthenius Minges's, O. F. M., "Com- pendium Theologiae Dogmaticae" is an in- \aluable contribution to the field of dogmatic theology. In the section comprising special Dogma he has condensed and systematized in two volumes the whole range of Seotistic theology. Written primarily as a text-book for Franciscan seminarists, the work serves at the same time as an able vindication of the much misunderstood Doctor Subtilis. While the substratum of the manual is Seotistic throughout, the opinions of the Doctor Marianus are re-enforced by citations from Alexander of Hales and St. Bonaventure, thus presenting a unique composite of Fran- ciscan theology. At the same time Fr. Minges does not overlook the Angel of the Schools and other great theologians. They, too, are cited and the points of agreement and disagreement between the Seotistic and Thomistie Schools noted.

The Compendium of Fr. Minges plainly shows that the influence of Scotus on theology was not merely negative, as some would have us believe. The Subtle Doctor not only gave an impetus to theological study by his specula- tions, but he enriched the science of theol-

ogy by many original solutions for the theol- ogical problems of his day. His ideas on the knowability and essence of God, his view on the endowments of man before the fall, his various doctrines on the Redemption, his constant endeavor to uphold the liberty of man, his arguments in behalf of the Immacu- late Conception, his teaching on the Sacra- ments, especially on the Holy Eucharist and Penance are notable contributions, — doctrines that have left the imprint of Seotistic in- fluence upon the theology of succeeding ages. Fr. Minges's work is the embodiment of a life-long study of the Subtle Doctor. It is a credit to the learned author, an excellent manual for the theological student, an in- dispensable reference work for the teacher, and it will prove an asset to every theologi- cal library.

The ' ' Compendium Theologiae Dogmaticae Generalis," a volume of 370 pages, is a marked improvement on the former edition of 1902. The author has made numerous changes and copious additions throughout the entire book. The groundwork, however, remains the same. Under five main headings, namely, De Eeligione et Bevelatione in genere. Be Beligionil)us non Christianis, De Religione Christiana {Demonstratio Christiana), De Ee- ligione et Ecclesia Catholica, De Fide Eccle- siae Catholicae, Fr. Minges surveys the whole field of apologetics in concise, orderly fa- shion. The tracts on the non-Christian relig- ions and on the Catholic Church are especial- ly good. The writer reviews the theories of non-Christian and non-Catholic authors and exposes their errors. His numerous cita- tions from, and references to; modern scholars show that he has kept apace with the on- Avard march of apologetics. An excellent synopsis and estimate of Modernism is in- cluded in the last tract. This Compendium is a most practical text -book for all who wish to cover the field of apologetics in one year. (Koesel and Pustet).

Literary Briefs

— Two new volumes have just been added to the "My Bookcase" Series of popularly priced Catholic classics published by Joseph F. Wagner, Inc. They are : ' ' Recollections of the Last Four Popes and of Rome in Their Times, ' ' by Cardinal Wiseman, and ' * A Sis- ter's Story," by Mrs. Augustus Craven. The former is a great moving picture of the pon- tificates of Pius VII, Leo XII, Pius VIII,

Blackwell Wielandy

Book &^ Stationery Co.

Printers of Periodicals Book Manufacturers

"The Fortnightly Reviei 7s printed by us

1605 Locust St. St. Louis. Mo.

16

THE FOETXIGHTLY EEVIEW

January 1

and Gregory XVI, as they presented them- selves to the eyes of a great English con- temporary. The book is an effective though unpretentious apologia for the papacy and makes as fascinating reading to-day as it did in 1858, when it was first given to the public. ' ' A Sister 's Story ' ' tells in an old- fashioned way, in a series of letters, the romantic and affecting story of Albert de la Ferronays and his young Russian bride, Alexandrine d'Alopeus. "It is," as the editor says, ' ' romance of the highest kind ; it is also fact," and will serve as a splendid antidote against the pretentious and hectic fiction of to-day. In the present edition the work has been greatly reduced in bulk, much to its advantage.

— Father Francis J. Finn, S. J., has furnish- ed the text for a pictorial ' ' Story of Jesus ' ' for children published by the Extension Press. There are eight fuU-page illustrations in four colors, after such masters as Hoffmann and Feuerstein. The book is printed on heavy folding enamel paper and is written so that any child of reading age may understand and enjoy it.

— The Extension Press, Chicago, has pub- lished another novel by Elizabeth Jordan. It is entitled, "Faith Desmond's Last Stand," and tells the story of a young girl who was told by the doctors that she had but six mouths to live. Vivacious, longing for ex- citement and the thrills of life, she starts in to spend her last six months in seeking adventures. She is finally cured by a miracle.

— ' ' The Wonderful Sacraments, What They Are and What They Do" (Benziger Bros.), is a popular explanation of the teaching of the Church on the Sacraments, considered especially in their relation to the problems of every-day life. The author commands a force- ful style, frequently enlivened by the in- troduction of dialogue. We are glad to see him so positive in his attitude on mixed mar- riages and birth control. The book can be warmly recommended.

— Father E. P. Graham's beautifully printed * ' Sketch of Saint John 's Parish, ' ' Canton, Ohio, of which he is pastor, was composed as a memorial of its centennial (1923) and of the consecration of the hand- some parish church (1924), and not only contains much interesting historical informa- tion, but — a rare thing in publications of this kind — has literary charm as well. St. John's had such distinguished pastors as the later Archbishops Henni and Alemany and Bishop Juncker (Alton), and the Ven. John Nepomucene Neumann once baptized a child there. On pp. 55 sq. Dr. Graham clears up a funny mistake made in Msgr. Houck's history of ' ' The Church in Northern Ohio, ' ' which, on page 115, has the following en- try: "Fochenkress, Eev. P. (Dominican), was stationed at Canton about 1836. No

SECOND HAND BOOKS FOR SALE

(Terms: Cash with Order; Postage Pre- paid to any Part of the U. S.)

Rost, Dr. Hans. Die Kulturkraft des Katholizismus. 3rd edition. Paderborn, 1923. $1.50.

Vallgoruera, P. Thomas a, 0. P. Mystica Theologia Divi Thomae. Ed. 4ta. 2 vols. Turin, 1924. $2, imbound.

Daly, Tom A. Herself and the Houseful. Being the Middling-Mirthful Story of a Middle-Class American Family of More Than Middle Size. N. Y., 1924. $1.

Destree, Bruno, O. S. B. The Benedictines. Tr. by a Benedictine of Princethoi-pe Priory. With a Preface by Dom Bede Camm, O. S. B. London, 1923. $1.35.

Geyser, Jos. Einige Hauptprobleme der Metaphysik. Mit besonderer Bezugnahme auf die Kritik Kants. Freiburg i. B., 1923. $1.

Grabiuski, Bruno. Wunder, Stigmatisa-

. tion und Besessenheit in der Gegenwart.

Eine kritische Untersuchung. Mit 55 Ori-

ginalaufnahmen, Hildesheim, 1923. $1

(Wrapper).

Grabinski, Bruno. Spuk und Geistererschei- nungen, oder was sonst? Eine kritische Untersuchung. Mit 16 lUustrationen. 2te verb. Aufl. Hildesheim, 1922. $1.50.

Brenner, Hy., O. S. B. Messages of Music. Mood Stories of the Great Masterpieces. With an Appendix and Explanatory Notes. Boston, 1923. $3.

Marmion, Dom Columba, O. S. B. Christ in His Mysteries. Spiritual and Liturgi- cal Conferences. London, 1924. $3.

JoTce, P. W. An Illustrated History of Ireland. New ed. Dublin, 1921. $2.

Stanley, Hy. M. My Early Travels and Ad- ventures in America and Asia. 2 vols. N. Y., 1905. $2.

Clayton, Joseph. Economics for Christians and Other Papers. Oxford, 1923. 85 cts.

Hobson, J. A. The Evolution of Modern Capitalism. New revised edition. Lon- don, 1908. $1.

Mecklin, J. M. The Ku Klux Klan: A Study of the American Mind. N. Y., 1924. $2.

Arrhenius, Svante. The Destinies of the Stars. Tr. by J. E. Fries. Illustrated. N. Y., 1918. $1.

Karrer, Otto, S. J. Der hi. Franz von Borja, General der Gesellscliaft Jesu. 1515-1572. Mit einem Titelbild. Frei- burg, 1921. $2.

0 'Malley, Austin. The Cure of Alcoholism. St. Louis, 1913. $1.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW 5851 Etzel Ave. St. LouU, Mo.

1925

THE FOETXIGHTLY EEVIEW

17

other record of Mm." The Dominicang know nothmg of a priest of this name, and Fr. Graham shows that the mysterious P. "Fochenkress" was none other than the Eedemptorist Fr. F. X. Tschenhenss, who signed the records of St. John's Church quite often from 1835 to 1836. If Msgr. Houck made two priests out of one, Father Graham has fused them into one again.

— ' ' Das Wesen des Katholizismus " is a beautifully printed collection of lectures, in which Eev. Dr. Karl Adam, professor of theology in the University of Tiibingen, ex- plained to an audience consisting largely of non-Catholics "the fundamental dogmatic concepts that govern the Catholic Church, her beliefs, her worship and her constitution. ' ' He deals with these concepts under the fol- lowing headings: Christ in the Church; The Church, the Body of Christ; Through the Church to Christ; The Establishment of the Church in the Light of Christ's Message; The Cliurch and Peter; The Catholicity of the Church; The Necessity of the Church for Salvation; The Operation of the Church through the Sacraments; the Church as the Educator of Mankind; Catholicism in its Concrete Manifestation. Since the days of the immortal Hettinger we have read few apologetical treatises that can compare in profundity of thought, beauty of present- ment, and force of conviction with "Das Wesen des Katholizismus, "which we cor- dially recommend as a most powerful anti- dote to such poisonous books as Harnack's ' ' Das Wesen des Christentums, ' ' known in its English translation as ' ' The Essence of Christianity. ' ' Dr. Adam gives his readers the true essence of Christianity, as found in the Catholic Church and nowhere else. We have few apologetical books in Eng- lish that can compare with this one in their forceful appeal to the modern non-Catholic mind. (Augsburg: Haas & Grabherr).

—Father F. E. Tourscher, O. S. A., of Villanova College, Pa., has recently added to his series of Augustinian texts for the use of secondary schools an edition of the treatise * ' De Quantitate Animae, ' ' which was written not long after St. Augustine's conversion to the faith, and deals in dialogue form with the na,ture of the human soul, the measure of its powers as discoverable in the faculties of the sense organs, the imagination, and the intellect. The method adopted by the author is that of observation and investiga- tion, combined with a reasoned analysis of the soul's action. The booklet is well gotten up, and our only criticism is that the reverend editor is not more liberal in the use of ex- planatory foot-notes. There are many pas- sages in this as in all the other writings of St. Augustine which the average teacher of Latin in our high schools and colleges will hardly be able to interpret correctly with the ordinary means at his command, and help

from such an excellent Augustinian scholar as Fr. Tourscher would therefore be welcomed by many of those for whom this booklet is intended. (Philadelphia: The Peter Eeilly Co.)

— The first volume of Fr. H. Noldin's classic "Summa Theologiae Moralis," deal- ing with the principles of moral theology ("De Principiis"), has appeared in a seven- teenth edition, edited by Fr. A. Schmitt, S. J. The editor has made no attempt to change the clear division or improve the transparent style of the original author, but has limited himself to revising the text and adapting it to the new Code and the deci- sions issued by the Eonian authorities since its promulgation. Volumes II and III of this indispensable text-book are in prepara- tion. (Fr. Pustet Co., Inc.)

— "Lectiones pro Festis Universalis Eccle- siae Commemoratis" (P. Marietti, Turin), is a handy little book containing the lessons of commemorated feasts to be recited by those who follow the Eoman Breviary. The tj-pe is very legible and, as far as we could see, there are no disturbing mistakes — which latter point is not to be despised. For if anywhere, the printer's devil ought certainly to keep his tail out of the Office books. The price, too, is very reasonable, especially if we consider the valuta of the lira — or liars, as a good friend of mine used to say. — Fr. B.

—"What Every Catholic Should Know," by D. I. Lanslots, O. S. B. (F. Pustet Co., Inc.) is a neatly though cheaply gotten up booklet for laymen. It contains a very brief summary of those parts of the Code of Canon Law which chiefly interest the laity. The author has a good insight into the needs of the laity concerning church laws. St. Jerome says that many are misled in history on account of ignorance, and it is equally true that many go wrong in practical life for the same reason. The sentence, "Canon- ical legislation affects all who have been baptized" (p. 4), is true to some extent, but misleading, because the Code does not legislate (at least not directly) for those outside the Catholic Church. On page 51 there should be added to "civil prohibition" the word "lawful," because the State has no right to forbid the remains to be carried to church. On the same page the term

H. Stuckstede Bell loundiy Go.

1312 and 1314 South Second St.

ST. LOUIS, MO. ,

18

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 1

Do You Contemplate

a New Church or School?

Our Architectural Department is especially qualified to serve you. Mr. Louis Preuss is in charge of this department. He is of mature years. His knowledge of architecture rests not alone on his practical training and European studies, but also on many years of experience in prominent architectural offices and in the practice of architecture under his own name. His early training, the knowledge gained in his studies abroad, and his wide experience unquestionably place Mr. Preuss in the foremost rank of American architectural designers, especially for religious art.

Widmer Engineers render such cooperation as is necessary to the Architectural Department, and Widmer field forces are at your disposal if you desire them. Thus, one master organization may handle your entire project.

Our method of operating not only tends towards efficiency through quick completion of your building, but also eliminates pyramiding of architects', engi- neers', sub-contractors' and general contractors' fees. It centralizes the re- sponsibility. It effects substantial savings. The cost of your building can be guaran- teed before you start.

An interview involves no obligation. Write or telephone us.

WIDMER ENGINEERING CO.

Architects — Engineers LACLEDE GAS BLDG. ST. LOUIS, MO.

"sudden jjassion'' needs an explanation, other^vise all suicides might be buried with ecclesiastical honors. On page 54 the author might have stated that the Saturdays of Lent, except Ember Saturday, are exempt from abstinence in our country. The state- ment concerning the seminary tax (page 71) is too narrow. These are some hints for improvement, to which every book is more or less amenable. — Fr. C. Augustine, O. S. B.

— "Our Father in Word and Picture" is something new in the line of illustrating devotional works. The pictures are in colors and the explanations are in a style that ap- peals to both old and young. Appropriate psalms are inserted here and there to illustrate the petitions of the Pater Noster. The booklet makes an attractive holiday oift. (Chicago: Matre & Co.)

— A promising young authoress is Inez Specking, whose' first novel, "Missy, the Heart Story of a Child" (Benziger Bros.) is faithful to life and characterized by fresh humor and beauty of vicAvpoint and treat- ment. The theme of the book is the develop- ment of a Catholic girl from her fourth birthday to her twentieth, which is sketched in a score of sparkling incidents. We have to go to secular literature, to Tarkington and Mark Twain, to find a parallel.

— "Saint Antony's Almanac" for 1925,

with its well-selected reading matter and its numerous illustrations appeals especially to tertiaries and others interested in the life of St. Francis and the work of the Francis- can Order. We do not like the nouveau art picture of the Crucifixion on page 63. (St. Bonaventure 's Monastery, St. Bonaventure, N. Y.)

— "The Inner Court" is "a book of private prayer, ' ' compiled mainly to satisfy the demand for a manual of extra-liturgical and private devotions on the part of those who participate in the official liturgy of the Church. For this reason the Ordinary of tlie Mass and other forms of prayer found in the Missal and the Vespcral have been excluded. There are devotions suitable for all the ordinary occasions of life, for the prieu-dieu at home or the altar-rail in church. The publishers advertise the beautifully printed booklet as ' ' the most fitting comple- ment to the Missal and the Day Hours ob- tainable in English," — a description which we gladly endorse. ' * The Inner Court ' ' can be had either in cloth or leather binding. It is of English provenience and bears the Westminster imprimatur. (Benziger Bros.)

— Volume XIV of the English translation of Dr. L. Pastor's "History of the Popes," edited by Fr. Ealph Francis Kerr, of the London Oratory, deals mth the pontificates of Marcellus II and Paul IV. Mareellus was

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

19

a man of apostolic simplicity and ideal char- acter, who unfortunately died a sudden death shortly after his election (1555). His memory has been immortalized by the won- derful Mass which Palestrina composed in his honor. Cardinal Carafa, who ascended the papal throne as Paul IV, and ruled for a little over four years (1555-59), was char- acterized by remarkable talent, sincere piety, and ardent zeal, but he had a violent temper, was inclined to severity, and made many mistakes. He proclaimed the principles of a reform in both head and memlaers and dis- played great energy in carrying out reform measures. "What the noble Dutch Pope, Adrian VI, had in vain attempted, to break with the evil tendencies of the Renaissance, the fiery Neapolitan succeeded in doing. ' ' No less an authority than the historian Panvinio, who was by no means prejudiced in favor of the Pope, said that Paul IV was the first to re-establish and strengthen ecclesiastical discipline and that many of the later salutary decrees of the Council of Trent could be traced back to him. The absorbingly interesting story of this stormy pontificate is told by Dr. Pastor with his habitual thoroughness and objectivity, and a flood of new light is thrown on many aspects of it by the hitherto inedited docu- ments which his diligent search has brought to light. Among the legends which he ex- plodes is that of the cruelty of Queen Mary of England. (B. Herder Book Co.)

New Books Received

Report of the Proceedings and Addresses of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Catholic Educational Association, ^Milwaukee, Wis., June 23-26, 1924. xi & 720 pp. 8vo. Colum- bus, O. : Office of the Secretary General, 1651 E. Main Str.

Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory. By a Missionary of the Sacred Heart, Rev. J. F. Durin. 6th edition, revised by Rev. B. Dieringer. 63 pp. 32mo. Milwaukee, Wis.: Columbia Publishing Co. Sets. (Leaflet).

The Archdiocesan Union of the Holy Name of Chicago. A Review of Eight Years of Service and of its Big Brother Work. 56 pp. 8vo. Illustrated. Central Office of the Archdiocesan Union of Chicago, 163 W. Washington Str., Chicago, 111.

Boyhood's Highest Ideal. Helpful Chapters to Catholic Boys at the Parting of the Ways. By Winfrid Herbst, S. D. S. 88 pp. 12mo. St. Nazianz, Wis.: The Society of the Divine Saviour. 30 cts. net. (Wrapper).

The Mass Intention Calendar. Compiled by a Priest of the Cleveland Diocese. With perforated sheets for the transfer of inten- tions. Published and copyrighted by John W. Winterieh, 1865 Prospect Ave., Cleve- land, O. $1 net.

Daily Communion. By Rev. Louis F. Schlathoelter. Augmented Edition. 160th Thousand. 32 pp. 32mo. Milwaukee, Wis. : Columbia Publ. Co. Sets. (Leaflet).

Delight iti the Lord. Notes of Spiritual Direction and Exhortation of .the Rev. Daniel Considine, S. J. iv & 51 pp. 32mo, oblong. Benziger Bros. 30 cts. net.

The Hymns of the Breviary and Missal. Edited with Introduction and Notes by Rev. Matthew Britt, 0. S. B. Preface by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Hugh T. Henry. 384 pp. 8vo. Benziger Bros. New, cheaper edition, $3 net.

The Facts of Lourdes and the Medical Bureau. By Dr. A. Marchand, President of the Medical Bureau at Lourdes. Translated by Dom Francis Izard; 0. S. B. xxx & 151 pp. 12mo. Illustrated. Benziger Bros. $1.80 net.

Children of the Shadow. A Novel by Isabel Clarke. 425 pp. 8vo. Beinziger Bros. $2 net.

0^^r Pilgrimage in France. (Lisieux, Lourdes, and Paray-le-^Monial). By the Rev. F. M. Dreves, of St. Joseph's Foreign Mission Society. 256 pp. 12mo. Sands & Co. and

B. Herder Book Co. $1.40 net.

St. Benedict: A Character Study. From the Pen of Rt. Rev. Ildephonsus Herwegen, O. S. B., Abbot of Maria Laach. Trans- lated by Dom Peter Nugent, O. S. B. 184 pp.'8vo. Sands & Co. and B. Herder Book Co. $2.25 net.

The Cure of Ars (The Blessed Jean-Baptiste- Marie Vianney). By the Abbe Alfred Monnin. Translation and Notes by Bertram Wolferstan, S. J, 558 pp. 8vo. Sands & Co. and B. Herder Book Co. $6.25 net.

More Mystics. By Enid Dinnis. 254 pp. 12mo. Sands & Co. and E. Herder Book Co. $1.75 net.

Three-Minute Homiletics. By Rev. Michael V. McDonough. 329 pp. 8vo. Benziger Bros. $2 net.

The Epistles of Father Timothy to His Parish- ioners. By the Rt. Rev. Francis C. Kelley, D. D., Bishop of Oklahoma. 248 pp. 12mo. Extension Press. $1.50.

Princes of His People. II. St. Paul. By C.

C. Martindale, S. J. xiii & 324 pp. 12mo. Benziger Bros. $2 net.

"My Boolccase Series." Edited by Rev. J. C. Reville, S. J. Two new volumes. Re- collections of the Last Four Popes and of Rome in Their Times, by Cardinal Wiseman, xxvii & 420 pp.; A Sister's Story, by Mrs. Augustus Craven; tr. from the French by Emily Bowles, revised and adapted by J. C. Reville, S. J. ix & 462 pp. 12mo. New Y''ork: Joseph F. V»''agner, Inc. $1.35 each.

The Small Missal. Containing the Proper of the Mass for All Sundays and the Principal Feasts of the Year, the Rite of Benediction, Vespers and the Compline for Sundays, and Other Devotions, xvi & 436 pp. 3%x6 in. Benziger Bros. $1.75 net.

20

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 1

The Tower to Tyburn. A London Pilgrimage

by P. J. Chandlery, S. J. xii & 163 pp.

12mo. Illustrated.' Sands & Co. and B.

Herder Book Co. $2.25 net. Liebe: dcr christ.liche Lebeiisgrund. Von

Erich Przywara, S. J. Buchschmuck von

Adolf Kunst. 110 pp. 12mo. Herder & Co.,

Freiburg, Germany; B. Herder Book Co.,

St. Louis, Mo. 80 cts. net. Ui) the Slopes of Mount Sion; or, A Progress

from Puritanism to Catholicism. By Mon-

signor Kolbe, D. D., D. Litt., of Cape Town.

xiv & 135 pp. 12nio. Benziger Bros. $1.75

net. Faith Desmond's Last Stand.

Story of Love, Courage, and

By Elizabeth Jordan. 272 pp.

tension Press. $1.50.

A Mystery a Miracle. 12nio. Ex-

A SPRINKLE OF SPICE

According to a modern philosopher there are three things which a woman must resem- ble in one way, but not another: (1) She must be like a snail, which never leaves its house; but, unlike a snail, she must not put all she owns on her back. (2) She must be like an echo, which speaks only when spoken to; but she must not, like the echo, always insist on the last word. (3) She must be like the town clock, always correct and always punctual; but she must not, as the clock does, make so much noise that she will be heard all over the town.

The Revue des Deux Mondes of Sept. 1, 1924, contained a lengthy review of Henry Ford's autobiography. The reviewer, Louis Gillet, gives probably the most careful anal- ysis of the Avork that has thus far been printed. He concludes by reasoning as fol- lows: Is it not much greater to devise the Parthenon or erect Notre Dame, than to be at the head of a concern that turns out a million automobilettes? The man who has imperishal)le greatness in him is not the man who enables us to move from spot to spot, but the man who shows us a goal.

A Presbyterian minister arrived late one Sunday morning and explained to his wait- ing congregation that he could not deliver his regular sermon because his dog had chewed up his manuscript just as he was about to leave the house. Then the preacher proceeded to deliver a very short sermon. When he had finished, a visitor in the audience arose and remarked that if that dog ever had pups, she would like to have one to give to her minister.

Can it be possible that the action of the municipal authorities of Venice in supplanting the time-honored motive power of the gondolas with electric motors is a result of the gon- doliers' choice of "Yes! We Have No Bananas!" as their guild song last summer? Imagine the eccentric course of a craft propelled to that rhythm!

New Publications

The Tower to Tyburn.

A London Pilgrimage by P. J. Chandlery, S. J. Cloth 8vo., XII & 164 pages, and copious illustrations, net $2.25.

Our Pilgrimage in France.

(Lisieux, Lourdes and Paray-le- Monial). By the Bev. F. M. Dreves. Cloth, 8vo., 256 pages, net $1.40.

More Mystics.

By Enid Dinnis. Cloth, Svo., 254 pages, net $1.75.

St. Benedict.

A Character Study. From the Pen of at. Rev. Ildephonse Herwegen, 0. S. B., Abbot of Maria Laach. Trans- lated bv Dom Peter Nugent, 0. S. B. Cloth, 8vo., 184 pages, net $2.25.

The Cure of Ars.

(The Blessed Jean-Baptiste Marie Vianney.) By the Abbe Alfred Monnin. Translation and Notes by

■ Bertram Wolferstan, S. J. Cloth, large 8vo., 558 pages, illustrated, net $6.25.

The Problem of Evil and Human Destiny. From the German of the Rev. Otto Zimmermann, S. J., by the Rev. John S. Zybura. With Introduction by the Right Rev. Joseph Schrembs, D. D. Cloth, 8vo., XIV & 135 pages, net 90 cents.

The Virtues of the Divine Child and Other Papers. By the late Daniel Considine, S. J. With an Introductory Memoir by F. C. Devas, S. J. Cloth, 8vo., XXIV & 204 pages, net $2.00.

The Unknown God.

By Rev. John A. McClorey, S. J. Cloth, 8vo., XIII & 202 pages, net $1.50.

Instructions on Christian Morality^

For Preachers and Teachers. Adapted from the French by the Rev. John Kiely. Cloth, Large Svo., XXX & 758 pages, net $3.50.

A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints.

With a General Introduction on Ha- giology. By the Right Rev. Msgr. F. G. Holweck, D. D. Cloth, large 8vo., XXXII & 1053 pages, net $10.00.

The Virtues Awakened.

From the Treatise on Perfect Happi- ness. By the Ven. Leonard Lessius, S. J. Translated from the Original Latin by Rev. Henry Churchill Semple, S. J. Cloth, 8vo., X & 50 pages, net 60 cents.

B. Herder Book Co.

I 7 South Broadway, St. Louis, Mo.

The Fortni§:htly Review

VOL. XXXII, NO. 2

ST. LOUIS. MISSOUEI

January 15th, 1925

In Defense of Pope Gregory The Great

By the Rev. A. E. Breen, D. D., of S;. Francis Seminary, St. Francis, Wi

111 the November issue of Current History, 1924, p. 299, Professor Richard Heath Dabney, of the Uiiiver- sit}' of Virginia, attributed to Pope Gregory the Great the declaration :

"Ignorance is the mother of devo- tion."

I "wrote to the editor of Current History demanding a retraction of the calumny. On Dec. 4, 1924, I received from Mr. Oakes, Editor of Current History, Professor Dabney 's defense, which the aforesaid Professor Dabney directed to Mr. Oakes.

Inasmuch as Mr. Oakes sent me this letter in defense of an open publication in Current History, ^^•hicll affects the Catholic Church, I am justified in making public the aforesaid letter. The statement of Dabney injured me onlj' as a member of the Catholic Church. If Dabney has violated truth and right, he has sinned not against me as a private individual, but against the society, of which I am an unworthy member; his defense therefore, shall have the same publicity that was given liis original statement. The text of his letter is as follows :

My dear Mr. Oakes: I received your note today, accompanied by the letter of Dr. A,. E. Breen, of St. Francis Seminary.

As I have not access at present to the writings of Pope Gregory the Great, I am unable to verify my statement about him from that source. But I did not derive the statement from my own inner consciousness. I remembered to have seen' it in Draper's History of the Intellectual Development of Europe. You will {sic'] find it in the first volume of that work on page 357. I do not regard Draper, or anv other historian, as [sic] infallible; but I feel fairly sure that I have seen the same quotation elsewhere than in Draper, although I can not recall where it was. Of course both Draper and the other historian, whose name I cannot remember, may have misquoted Gregory. But it is also possible that Dr. Breen may be mistaken.

I do not pretend to anything approaching in- fallibility myself. But in relying upon Draper's statement, I hardly think that I did anything that is not done 'by almost ever one. If any one can show me proof that Draper is wrong, I am entirely ready to ad- mit it, for I have not the slightest desire to do injustice to Pope Gregory, avIio unquestion- ably deserved in many respects the epithet of "Great." I do not imagine, however, that Dr. Breen regards Pope Gregory as infallible, except where he laid down doctrines of faith and morals. I imagine that Dr. Breen has a high regard for St. Augustine. Yet he prob- ably knows that he said: "It is inapossible that there should be mliabitauts on tha other side of the world, since no such race is re- corded in Scripture among the descendants of Adam. ' ' Docs Dr. Breen think that, by ad- mitting that St. Augustine made this mistake, he would be "gravely unjust to the Eoman Catholic Church and to all religion?" [These are my words of protest to Current History.

"\^ hat has an individual's erroneous opinion about the antipodes, or about the value of scientific kno'^vledge to do witli the Eoman Catholic Church or with religion in general?

It may be that Pope Gregory did not say exactly Avhat Draper attributes to him. But Dean Milman, in his History of Latin Chris- tianitv, says, while rejecting "the fabric" that Gregory destroyed the Palatine Library: ' ' His aversion to such studies is not that of dread or hatred, but of religious contempt; profane letters are a disgrace to a Christian Bishop ; the truly religious spirit would loathe them of itself." Yet Milman, while not hid- ing such views as this, has a thoroughly sympathetic attitude towards the Pope.

I return you herewith as requested Dr. Breen 's letter. It seems to me that he Avould be going rather far in giving up a good magazine merely because he thinks he has discovered ' one erroneous historical state- ment in it.

Yours very truly,

E. H. Dabney.

In the first place, is it not unworthy of a historian to make such a serious charge against one of the great men of history on the authority of Draper? Who was Draper? John William Draper (1811-82) was an eminent

22

THE FOKTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 15

chemist, but a dilettante in history. He was obsessed by a prejudice that the Catholic Church had retarded the pro- gress of science.

In the second place, Draper does not asL-ribe to Gregory the Great the oii'ensive statement attributed to him b}^ Professor Dabney.

Draper's words {I. c.) are as fol- lows :

"Participating in the ecclesiastical hatred of human learning and insisting on the maxim that 'ignorance is the mother of devotion,' he expelled from Rome all mathematical studies, and burned the Palatine Lilu'ary founded by Augustus Caesar."

Draper falsely declares that the spirit of the Church of Gregory's time hated human learning, and that its antagonism against learning had crys- tallized in a maxim : ' ' Ignorance is the mother of devotio]i." He accuses Gregory of participating in this hatred and of fashioning his pul)lic policy ac- cording to this maxim. Draper bases his charge on the assertion that Gregory drove mathematics from Rome, and that he burned the Palatine Library. Professor Dabne.y has cited the words of Dean Milman, an eminent scholar. It is not to be expected that the editor of Gibbon's "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" should be favorable to Christianity, and to the Roman Cath- olic Church in particular. Gibbon is an insidious foe of all Christianity. And yet Milman from the sheer weight of historical evidence rejects as a "fabric" the assertion that Gregory burned the aforesaid Library.

Bayle and Barbeyrac, although tiercel}^ opposed to the Catholic Church, reject the "fabric" which Professor Dabney offers us from Draper.

The silly charge that Gregory ex- pelled mathematics from Rome needs not be discussed here. It is a baseless "Draperism."

Professor Dabney cites an alleged sentence of Augustine as justification for his attitude to Gregory. This is uncritical. An error in natural science is far different from a moral error, which represents religion as a super-

stition that can not bear the light of knowledge.

On this point Pope Leo XIII (Encyc. ' ' Providentissimus Deus ' ' ) declares :

"The unfaltering defense of the Holy Scriptures, however, does not require that we should equally uphold all the opinions which any one of the Fathers or the more recent interpreters have put forth in explaining it ; for it may be that, in commenting on passages where physical matters occur, they have sometimes expressed the ideas of their own times, and thus made state- ments, which in these days have been abandoned as incorrect."

Gregory was not a profound scholar, — not even a profound constructive theologian : he was a lawyer and ad- ministrator, a monk, a preajher, a mis- sionary. But he was true, and taught a beautiful true ethic and religion. The statement attributed to him by Prof. Dabney is not attacked on the ground that it has aught to do Avith papal infallibility : it is attacked on the ground of historical inaccuracy.

Moreover, since the Church has canonized St. Gregory as one of her great "doctors," the principle falsely imputed to St. Gregory reflects a slur on the Catholic Church.

Gregory discouraged worldly human- istic studies in a churchman. He be- lieved in real spiritual culture for the priest. The priest must be a man of God, a man of prayer, a man of re- nunciation of worldly pursuits. He followed this norm himself and im- pressed it on others-. He gave us the Gregorian Chant, and has left more writings than any other pontiff. His writings are not masterpieces of style, but the}^ are filled with faith and the love of God.

Tears

By Charles J. Quirk, S. J. I keep them treasured ; they are priceless

gems, Which God has given when my heart has bled; I do not wear them for the Avorld to see, For tliey shall crown my souL when I am

dead.

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

Joseph Gummersbach

By F, P. Kenkel, K. S. G., Director of the Central Bureau

"A great and a good man" Avas laid to rest on December 30tli, 192-i, when the remains of Jos. Gnmmersbach, president of the B. Herder Book Co., were interred in Calvary Cemetery, St. Louis, Mo. This is the characteriza- tion of the deceased by the Archbishop of St. Louis, the Most Reverend John J. Glennon, who delivered the funeral oration, by way of "a not only war- ranted but demanded exception" to the regulation discountenancing eulo- gies at the bier of a departed Catholic.

In his sermon the Archbishop traced the life of the deceased and his out- standing characteristics, emphasizing his labors as a Catholic publisher in behalf of the Church and stressing partieularl}' the fact of his exceptional example and accomplishments having been those of a layman. The funeral services were attended by some fiftj- priests, secular and regular, from St. Louis and neighboring cities, the Al)- bot of Conception, the Rt. Rev. Philip Ruggle, 0. S. B., Rt. Rev. Jos. II. Schlarman, J. C. D., Chancellor of the Diocese of BelleviJe, and the Rt. Rev. Msgr. John J. Tannrath, Chancellor of the Archdiocese of St. Louis. The solemn high mass of requiem was cele- brated by the Rt. Rev. F. G. Holweck, of St. Louis, a friend of the deceased for many years.

Joseph Gummersbach was born on May 31, 1844, at Kessenich, near Bonn. He was apprenticed to a bookseller in his native city when quite young, later on entering the service of Bachem in Cologne, publisher of that distinguish- ed Catholic daily, the Kdluische Volks- zeitung. A few years later he realized his ambition to obtain a position with the famous firm of Herder, the leading Catholic publisher of the world, by whom he was sent to the United States in 1873. His success in transplanting the traditions of this house to the United States was little short of mar- velous. Notwithstanding the German associations and the fact that a goodly portion of the publishing undertakings

of the American house of Herder is composed of works in the German and Latin tongues, the development of the St. Louis institution has been such, even in the English field, that only a short time since a Catholic London publisher designated St. Louis as the greatest Catholic publishing center of the English-speaking world. In fact, with the exception of New York and Boston, no American city contains a publishing house with a larger output than that of the institution of which the deceased was the head.

Mr. Gummersbach 's services in the cause of Catholic literature were rec- ognized by His Holiness Pope Pius X, who conferred the order of St. Gregory on him in 1904, and by Pope Pius XI, who awarded him the gold medal "Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice" in 1923, the year of the golden jubilee of the founding of the St. Louis firm. This noted publisher labored, as His Grace of St. Louis said in the fiimeral oration, "for God and the Church." He was given to prayer and works of charity, rose superior to racial or na- tionalistic conceits and prejudices, and was distinguished by an even, cheer- ful, and constantly friendly demeanor. The practice, continued for more than half a century, of daily attendance at Holy Mass, from which he had refrain- ed only under orders from his physi- cian, offers the explanation for Arch- bishop Glennon 's praise, that Mr. Gummersbach 's children "learned to esteem the virtues they saw exempli- fied in him, his piety, his industrious- ness, his cheerfulness, his deep religious convictions." ■ ■

CathoJic social reformers will be finally judged on their constructive teaching. They may be ever so pene- trating as critics, and ever so inspiring as historians, but it will avail them nothing if they cannot show the world the present way it should go. — The Christian Democrat, IV, 10.

24

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 15

Notre Dame vs. Princeton

By P. H. Callahan of Louisville

In November, 1924, several of our Catholic papers carried an item credit- ed to the N. C. W. C. Service, accusing the Princeton student body of "an anti-Catholic outburst at the recent Notre Dame-Princeton football game." Thus :

' ' New York, Nov. 20. Inherent in- ability to grasp the true position of the Catholic Church regarding polit- ical and social questions was the cause of an anti-Catholic outburst at the recent Notre Dame-Princeton football game, according to the Right Rev. Msgr. Joseph H. McMahon, Pastor of Our Lady of Lourdes

^ Church here ' AVhile Notre

Dame was administering its annual ■ beating to the Princeton football team to the tune of 12-0, a few weeks ago,' Ms^. McMahon said, 'the Princeton student body, "the fine flower of Presbyterian culture, ' ' con- . soled themselves with cries of 'Tbaash tHe ignorant micks.' "

This news item was a surprise to the .wi-iter, who was East about the time of the football game and had met some friends from South Bend who were telling him how well they were treated on their Princeton visit. Think- ing there must be a mistake about the matter, he wrote to Msgr. McMahon, who replied: "The newspaper account would have me specify the game of 1924, but as a matter of fact I was alluding specifically to that of 1923." Thus all point is taken from a news item published in November, 1924; ex- cept that it goes to show that some of our Catholic people are much too sen- sitive and too credulous of reported incidents of this kind.

In any event, to indict "the Prince- ton student bod}^" for cries heard in a crowd of football fans is calculated to weaken the force of dignified protests against real manifestations of bigotry in responsible quarters, while to tie up the incident with such a phrase as * ' the fine flower of Presbvterian culture" is

not the way to dissipate prejudice, but to inflame it.

A member of the Princeton faculty v/ho with two members of the Catholic University faculty sat in the Prince- ton stand throughout the game, assures me tiiat there was no evidence of re- ligious prejudice or anything contrary to courtesy or good sportsmanship, and says with point :

"If Princeton had been antagon- istic to Notre Dame she would not have invited them here two years in succession to play football. Both games were regarded here as fine sportsmanlike contests. I have yet to learn that anyone representing Notre Dame or her very fine football team has made any complaints of the treatment received here."

The utterances of Cardinal Gibbons during his day had great influence with the American people. His book, "The Faith of Our Fathers," has brought more persons into the Church than ])erhaps any other book in English. But Cardinal Gibbons was not con- sidered exceptionally brilliant, tren- chant, or profound. Some one has ex- plained the remarkable influence of his writings and speeches by saying of him : "He knew what not to say. ' '

That is a gift which all of us can cultivate, with a little more poise, a little more thought, and a little more eharitv.

The Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Vulgate, instituted by Pope Pius X, has been functioning under the presidency of Cardinal Aidan Gasquet, since its inception, in 1914. The Grail registers a rumor that the splendid work may have to be given up. Among the reasons assigned is lack of funds. Let us hope that the commission will not end its work pre- maturely, after having gathered and photographed so many valuable manu- scrii^ts as presented in the first volume of Dom Henri Quentin.

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

25

Catholics and the State

In its issue of January 1st, 1924, the FoRTNiGHTi.Y REVIEW made some ref- erence to the systematic correspon- dence conducted by Col. P. H. Callahan, of Louisville, Ky.

Mr. Benedict Elder, also of Louis- ville, and a colleague of Col. Callahan 's, likewise does a work that is altogether his own. He directs his attention prin- cipally to newspapers and periodical publications, and an excellent specimen of his work appears in the December 27th issue of the Nation, which is per- haps the best and probably the most widely read of all the so-called "Liberal," or, as some prefer, "Radi- cal" journals.

While Colonel Callahan has a style all his own in approaching his subject or correspondents, Mr. Elder excels in finishing his subjects, or rather closing them in such a manner that nothing further remains to be said in the prem- ises. Take, for example, his letter to the Naiion just referred to, on "Cath- olics and the State." It runs as fol- lows : '^■ To the Editor of the N'ntion :

Sir : In your September 3 issue is a letter from David Y. Thomas of Fay- etteviF-e, Arkansas, in whi.-,h appears the following statement : * ' The supre- macy of the Church over the State is a fimdamjntal tenet of Catholicism." Judging from the tone of his letter, Mr. Thomas will welcome information showing the error of that statement, while the Nation, one may be sure, Avill not object to it. In his "Encyclical Letter on the Christian Constitution of the State," publidied in November, 1885, Pope Leo XIII, addressing his words to the Catholics of the entire world, set forth Catholic teaching in respect to the relations of Church and State in the following words :

"Almighty God has appointed the charge of the human race between two powers, the ecclesiastical and the civil, the one being set over divine and the other over human things. Each has fixed limits within which it is contained, and each in its sphere is supreme. Whatever is of a sacred

character, belonging either of its own

nature or by reason of the end to

which it is referred to the salvation

of souls or to the worship of God,

is subject to the Church. Whatever

is to be ranged under the civil and

political order is rightfully subject

to the civil authorities."

As applied to America, we have the

interpretation of that principle from

the same illustrious Pontiff given in an

encyclical letter addressed to the Cath-

Oiics of America, in 1895 :

"All men will agree that America seems destined for great things. The Catholic Church should not only share in, but should help to bring about, this prospective greatness. She should keep equal step with the Republic in the march of improve- ment, striving to the utmost by her virtue and her institutions to aid in the rapid growth of the States, .... ever keeping before the minds of the people the enactments of the Coun- cil of Baltimore, particularly those which inculcate the observance of the laws and institutions of the Repub- lic."

Of more recent date is the statement contained in the pastoral letter of the Catholic archbishops and bishops of our country, meeting in Washington in 1919, as follows:

"The State has a sacred claim upon our respect and loyalty. It may justly impose obligations and de- mand sacrifices for the sake of the common welfare which it is establish- ed to promote. Within its proper limits it has a right to our obedience, and this obedience we are bound to render not merely on grounds of expediency but as a conscientious duty. ' '

Benedict Elder

Judas

By Charles J. Quirk, S. J. He comes! The vastest wealth and love to

toss — Trrevocablj'! — unto utter loss! To fling God's gift down Hell's unplumbed

abyss — To sell Salvation with a traitorous kiss!

26

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 15

(t^l^AA ^°""^^ ^ PERPETUAL

tplUUU BURSE for a native African Seminarian educated by the Society of St. Peter Claver. The interest on this amount supports a seminarian during the four years preparatory to ordination; another succeeds him as beneficiary of the Burse, and so on in perpetuity. Those contributing to this laudable charity will ever be remem- bered in the Holy Sacrifice offered by these African priests.

Donations of any amount will be gratefully accepted.

The Sodality of St. Peter Claver has two open burse funds: one in honor of the Sacred Heart and one in honor of Our Lady of Victory.

(Any one is at liberty to found or give a burse in honor of any saint or in memory of a relative or friend.)

Address: Society of St. Peter Claver, Fullerton Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.

Christian Monism

To educated Catholics the thought must often have suggested itself of the more or less close approximation of certain concepts of modern Monism to the actual truth of things spiritual and supernatural as manifested to us by Revelation. The famous Jesuit scien- tist, Fr. Eric Wasmann, in his work, ' * Christian Monism, ' ' lately translated into English (B. Herder Book Co.), has analysed and elucidated this thought. As he points out in the preface, the "fair words utilised by Monists to cloak the inner hollowness of their conception of the Deity, they have tacitly borrowed from the natural theology of Christians." Hence the similarity.

The author, in tlie space of 123 pages, lucidly and strikingly develops his theme as indicated in the title. In his own words, "It is the age-long Christian Monism, the only true Monistic teaching, based on reason and revelation, that I would fain here present to my readers in a series of pictures, from the omnipresence of God to participation in the divine Nature."

The book should be an inspiration, if not a revelation, to every educated Catholic. An Anglican clergyman, the Rev. Spencer Jones, has %vritten an interesting introduction of some two dozen pages on Father Wasmann 's splendid achievements as a scientist and a defender of genuine Christian philosophy.

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

27

Double Jubilee of the Society of the Divine Word

Our highly esteemed contemporary, the Christian Family, has begun the new year, the twentieth of its publica- tion, with a handsome new cover and announces in its January issue that the Society of the Divine Word, which publishes this and several other maga- zines and conducts St. Mary's Mission House at Teehny, 111., and three other mission seminaries in this countr}', and whose members labor in five continents, will celebrate a double jubilee this year — the 50th anniversary of its foun- dation in Europe and the 25th of its establishment in North America. The schedule of festivities at the mother house in Teehny includes the repeated performance of one or several mission plays on an open-air stage, a big bazaar managed by the Retreatauts' League of Chicago, solemn religious services in the new Holy Ghost Church, and other features.

In the course of 1925 an American translation of Father Fischer's Life of Arnold Jansen, the saintly founder of the S. V. D., will be published, besides a number of other large and small volumes by other members of the So- ciety, including, if we are correctly in- formed, an English adaptation of the present General, Father Gier's, ad- mirable booklet, "Wie lernt man gut beten?"

The jubilee is, of course, primarily a family affair, but the Society invites all its friends to ''jubilate" with it. Those who, like the Editor of the F. R., have witnessed the establishment of the S. V. D. on American soil and have been privileged to watch it grow from year to year until it has become a great and splendid organization, will gladly join in its paeans of thanksgiving and praise, and pray that it will accomplish its objects, first among which is the promotion of the foreign missions, ever more efficiently and with constantl}^ growing success. We know of no re- ligious congregation in America that has retained so much of the primitive fervor and zeal inspired by a holy founder as the S. V. D. Vivat, f lor eat, crescat!

Building a Colored Priesthood

A question that many bishops and priests speculate on is: "Will St. Augustine's Seminary for Colored Priests at Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, be a success?" Less in the ab- stract it would be : "Do the boys at St. Augustine's possess the vocational qualities of aptitude and priestly as- piration? Do they, in the stages of preparation, give promise of flowering into true priests of God?

Hy quietly nurturing the young can- didates in the ways of sanctity and learning, and finally placing them un- der the ordaining hands of the bishop, does the institution intend to solve the problem. Although the ultimate step is but half reached^ — the first class graduates next year — a word may help to presage the outcome.

The writer, w^ho happens to be in direct charge of the students, can vouch for the vocational signs, and the course of studies will answer for their proper development. Some may like to know what sort of training these Colored boys receive.

The educational training is very strict. Not only is every branch of stud}^ required by clerical seminaries included in the schedule, but the matter is taken up with a thoroughness and an insistence that will allow no unfit candidate to filter through. Further- more, no pains are spared to ground them in true sanctity, because if the Colored priest of our day needs any- thing, it is the virtues of a saint. This, together with the rigid discipline that prevails and the duration of it all for thirteen years, will test the genuine- ness of their qualities.

The manner in which the students respond to this ordeal is gratifying. Not only do they come up to the de- mands of a stern professorate, but they please by the seriousness with which they study and strive. It is true, there are some who must wrangle with Greek, but the weakness they show in this difficult language is generally compen- sated for by the ease with which they master the precepts of dramatic art and sacred oratory. To religion they

28

THE FOETNIGHTLY EEVIEW

January 15

always respond Avith readiness, and to discipline they yield with no adoo.

That the Mission House is b.essed by God we earnestly believe. That, plus cultivated aptitude and inclination makes a priest. Yet St. Augustine's must be looked upon with suspended judgement if not with mistrust l)e- cause it is a new project. Only the reality can subdue mistrust. Columbus could not have proved the existence of a new wor.d except by finding it. Later on the Colored priest will be as ac- cepted a person as a Colored busmess man. Florian J. Haas, S. V. I).

The Cult cf the "Unknown Soldier"

On the occasion of the Holy Name convention in Washington, a number of Catholics were persuaded to pay hom- age at the tomb of the "Unknown Soldier," The underlying idea of this cult, — for it has grown to the propor- tions of a veritable cult, — is not Chris- tian, but pagan. La Revue Interna- Huiiale des Socieics Secretes ( Vol. XIII, No. 44) traces it to Freemasonry. "Man," sa\'s our French contem- porary, "cannot do without religion. He must have some sort of relii,ious faith. If he rejects the true religion, he deforms it on the pretext of reform- ing it, or he parodies it, or he turns it into idolatry. If he is civilized, this idolatry becomes the very worst of idol- atries, namely, the cult of Reason, who makes man her god — man immor- tali::ing himself in science, man capable of indetinite perfection, man become god. This is the Masonic myth, from which without a doubt sprang the cult of the Unknown Soldier. He is a creature of the Lodge. He has all the earmarks of the sect. Like Masonry, he has qui.kly become international, interdenominational, and anti-Catholi-, inasmucli as, after having been the subject of a purely civil jnterment, he has been made the object of a quasi- pagan worship, far removed from the Catholic idea expressed in the phrase, 'no flowers.' "

It is sad to see American Catholics taking part in this pagan cult so cor- rectly described by the great anti- Masonic review of Paris. C. D. U.

TWO NEW RECORD BOOKS FOR THE CLERGY

"The Mass Intention Calendar," ar-

ranced according to the Ordo, stating all the Pro Populo Masses, ruled on one side of the Book for Masses received and the Calendar side for Intentions fulfilled. In back are sheets for transferring Masses.

Prlc2, $1.00

"The Ecclasiastical Appointment EooItT" same as the above, only ruled for Weddings, Funerals, Baptisms, Sick Calls, woniessions, Miscellaneous Appointments and Remarks.

Price, 85c Special offer for the two $1.50

JOHN W WINTERICH, '^65 PRfSPEciAv.

Publisher CLtVFlAND, U.

Furnished by all Church Supply Houses

Victor J. Klutho

Architect and Superintendent

Churches, Schools, and Institutions

byndicale T rust Building Tenth and Olive Streets Saint Louis, Missouri

Illinois I >• -n^- rl I nijin.-.'

EMiL FfiEl ART GlASS CO.

Munich Antique Figure Windows for Churches a Speciahy

All kinds of Glass Painting Leaded Class Mosaic*

3934 South Grand Blvd. • ST. LOUIS. MO.

MISSIOMARY SISTERS

Numerous Sisters are needed in our foreign fields. For details in regard to admission into. the Commu lity of the Mis- sionary Sisters, Servants of the Holy GlidSt. \vi ite to Sister Provincial, Holy Oliost Convent. Teclnny, 111.

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

29

The Catholic Big Brother Movement

A little illustrated brochure, "The Archdio^esan Union of the Holy Name Society of Chicago ; the Holy Name Big Brother," deiines the scope of the so-called Holy Name Big Brother move- ment in the Elinois metropolis. This movement, we be.ieve, was inaugurated by Bi hop McGavick, of La Crosse, Wis., while auxiliary to the Archbidiop of Chicago. Strangely enough his name is not mentioned in this pamph- let.

The necessity of this particular kind of constructive work of Christian so- cial reform, i. e., the reclamation of delinquent boys, cannot be overestim- ated, and we are glad to note the amount of good accomplished by a number of zealous Chicago laymen, who are making an effort to pick up and save those who are "more sinned against than sinning."

It seems the Big Brothers of Chicago have ri n up against the same snag which the F. R, some years ago,- in a series of arti des by the present writer, described as "the godless home." Let them be mindful of the fact that, since the underh'ing causes of the boy prob- lem are moral, laymen and the civil tribunals alone cannot remove them. It requires reJgion and, therefore, the servLes of the priest, who alone can gain the absolute confidence of erring lads. Unfortiuiatel}', the average pas- tor is not particularly interested in the problem, and hears boys' confessions at the rate of 40 or 50 per hour, quod impossibile videtur.

We have no faith at all in the "con- fession card system," which obliges the spiritually negligent boy to go to confession as a conditio sine qua no7i of getting a job. These boys, as a rule, are not well grounded in religion, and we challenge anybody to make such a boy ted the truth if he is determined to lie. Young people, if properly train- ed, will go to confession voluntarily, to unburden their conscience; they should not be forced to go as the price of a job.

This is not belittling the work of the Big Brothers, however. They have

done much good, and we sincerely hope this brochure wdd make new friends for the noble work in which they are Fr. A. Bomholt

engaged

Notes and Gleanings

The F. R. and its editor have lost a very dear friend by the death of Mr. Joseph Gummersbach (see the necro- logue by Mr. Kenkel, p. 23). Less than two years ago we paid a deserved tribute to his "honesty, kindliness, business acumen, and unquenchable idealism" in an article we wrote (Vol.

XXX, No. 15, p. 298) on the occasion of the golden jubilee of the B. Herder Book Co., of which he was the founder and president. Archbishop Glennon in a touching address de.ivered at the dead man's bier justly emphasized his merits as a Catholic publisher, whi^h were fittingly recognized by the Holy See when it made him a Knight of St. Gregory and bestowed on him the modal pro Lcclesia et Pontifice. His interest in the Catholic press was life-long and generous. For years he was publisher, of the Past oral 'Blatt and president of the Herold des Glauhens and the Amerika. The F. R., too, experienced many proois of his sympathy and good will. Mr. G. was not only a good man and an exemplary Catholic, but gifted with remarkable humor and a sunny disposition that made him friends wherever he went. All who knew him intimately wi.l miss him, and it can be truly said of him: ^'Multis ille bonis fiebilis occidit." May his noble soul rest in peace !

In Vol. V, No. 11 of his interesting and valuable apologetic monthly. Revue des Objections (Paris, 53 Ave. Bosquet vii). Canon Coube quotes the opinions of two contemporary theologians, the one a Frenchman, the other a Belgian, on the so-callrd private revelations of Ven. Ann Catherine Emmerick, which we have repeatedly discussed in this magazine (more recently in Vol.

XXXI, pp. 11, 29, 50, 112, 157). The French theologian is Pere Terrien, S« J., who says in his famous work, "La

30

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 15

Mere tie Dieu," (Vol. II, pp. 358 sq.) that Ann Catherine's Life of the Bless- ed Virgin is full of manifestly legend- ary details, derived from apocryphal sources, and that her account of Christ's Dolorous Passion contains so many bizarre statements that one can- not say, "The finger of God is here," but must admit that human imagina- tion has been busily at work. Tlie noted Belgian Redemptorist Father F. X. Godts, in his recent book, "La De- finibilite Dogmatique de I'Assomption Corporelle de la Tres Sainte Vierge," says that "the importance of the pious meditations of the stigmatized nun [of Diilmen] is unfortunately very much exaggerated. ' '

"Anatole France," says a writer in the London Times, "pleased by his voluptuousness." "Of sexual love he wrote frequently in a fashion which it is easy to call gross," said another apologist for indecency in the Saturday Review, not realizing that, if it is easy to call such writing gross, it is because it actually is gross. Nowhere outside the Catholic press is there any open condemnation of this cultured sensu- alist, who, in the words of the Month (No. 725), "scoffs at the reality of everything noble, whose whole philos- ophy is earthly and degrading, who has poisoned the minds of generations of his countrymen, whose brilliant geni- us is often but the phosphorescent glimmer that indicates putrescence." Anatole France has gone to his account, mourned by his own kind, but unfortu- nately his works live after him.

From a • letter addressed by Justin McGrath, director of the Department of Publicity, Press, and Literature of the N. C. W. C, to Albert Foisy, editor of La Sentinelle, of Woonsocket, R. I., and published by that journal on Nov. 28, 1924, it appears that the news ser- vice of the Department "cannot be furnished to any publication which has not received the approval of the Bishop of the diocese." La SentineUe, a French Catholic daily newspaper established early in 1924, had been promised the news service, but was cut off upon a

Send
your orders for
CHURCH MUSIC
Masses, Hymn-books and Choir	Music
in general
to the one house in the United	Statet
specializing in that field
Upon request we will send	on ap-
proval, for a limited period, t	o any
responsible party, a parcel of "Fischer
Edition" publications.
Correspondence invited
Address all communications	to
J. FISCHER & BRO.
Fourth Avenue at Eighth Street ( Astor Place)
NEW YORK

The "CAECIUA"

Founded 1874 by the late Sir John Singenberger

The ONLY monthly niagazine in the

WORLD in the ENGLISH LANGUAGE

devoted to CATHOLIC CHURCH

MUSIC.

Articles on Gregorian Chant, Choir Training, Organ Construction, Use of Organ Stops, Organ and Choir Music, Added feature: — Teaching of MUSIC in the CATHOLIC SCHOOLS.

Each issue contains a

MUSIC SUPPLEMENT.

Subscription Price: $2.C'0 per year

Every PRIEST. RELIGIOUS. CATH- OLIC SCHOOL TEACHER, and OR- GANIST, should subscribe now^, for 1925

Otto A. Singenberger Editor and Publisher

847 Island Ave. Milwaukee, Wis.

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIE^Y

31

protest from Bishop Hiekey of Pro- vidence. In informing the editor of this fact, Mr. McGrath adds: "I never for a moment imagined that an ex- perienced editor, such as yourself, would undertake the publication of a Catholic journal without first obtaining the approval of the bishop in whose diocese you intended to publish.'" From which it is evident that the N. C. W. C. news service is being used to eliminate newspapers that for some reason are not agreeable to the local ordinary, even though they may be thoroughly Catholic, like La Sentinelle, and highly praised by other bishops, as the Woonsocket paper was by Cardi- nal Begin of Quebec and nearly all the bishops of French Canada. La Senti- nelle, by the way, whether in conse- quence of the action taken by Mr. Mc- Grath, or for other reasons, has ceased to be a daily and is now published once a week.

Mr. Wm. D. Guthrie, the distinguish- ed New York Catholic attorney, has contributed to No. 1489 of the Paris Correspojidant a valuable paper on "La Liberie Scolaire aux Etats-Unis," in which the freedom of education in this country is dealt with at some length and in a way to render our American situation intelligible to European readers.

There is good reason to believe that second class mail, on a fair allocation of the costs of the service, would be found to be more than self-sustaining at the present rates. Justification for this belief is found in the fact that matter of this class is hauled by express at a cent a pound for distances for which the post office now charges 2 and 3, and proposes to charge 4; that in the rail- way baggage service rates for such matter run as low as half a cent a pound, and that express 'companies haul and deliver at pound rates com- parable with the second-class postal rates. These services are all by private carriage and on a basis of profit. The postal rates now proposed would be ruinous to a great many publications and make the costs of distribution ex-

cessive to all. If Congress is going to consider a readjustment of mail rates it should thoroughly investigate the whole field before it undertakes legisla- tion on a matter so complicated and so intimately involving the public as well as private interests that are en- titled to a fair consideration.

In an article, "New Light on the Origin of the Aboriginal Americans" (F. R., July 15, 1924), the Rev. Albert Muntsch, S. J., briefly stated some arguments for the Asiatic provenience of our American Indians. He conclud- ed his article as follows : "xVt any rate, we have here further proof of the spread of the human race from 'some- where in Asia,' or from Northeastern Africa (Egypt), close to the regions famous in Old Testament history, and close to the Asiatic Continent." The same opinion is maintained in a recent work by a well-known English anthro- pologist. Professor G. Elliot Smith. This work, entitled "Elephants and Anthropologists," is mainly a study of the remarkable similarity of the pre-Columbian sculpture of Central America to Old-World works of art. The London Times Literary Supple- ment (1924, p. 365) concludes a re- view of the book as follows : "In our opinion the facts and arguments in this book strongly reinforce the general thesis that ihe pre-Columbian civiliza- tions of America are locally modified offshoots of the culture of the Old World."

Correspondence

Why is Authority so Little Respected?

To the Editor:—

The question is not difficult to answer. History and daily experience tell us that authority has been abused and is still abused in Church and State. Why are kings only figureheads to-day? Have there been many reasonable kings? Louis XIV had the auda- city to say : "I am the State. ' ' Some of his successors were decapitated. The pendu- lum always swings back. That is a law of nature. All those who are in high position in Church and State should remember this. The days of bulldozing are past. The world has progressed in this respect. Let those in authority use kindness, common sense,

32

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

January 15

justice and charity, then they will not be failures. The dignity of human nature must be respected in every man. Tyranny is anti- Christian. Leo XIII says: "No man may with impunity outrage that human dignity ■»'hich God Himself treats with reverence .... Nay more; no man has in this matter power over hhnself. To consent to any treatment ■which is calculated to defeat the end and purpose of his being is beyond his right ; he cannot give up his soul to servitude; for it is not man 's own rights which are here in question, but the rights of God, the most sacred and inviolable of rights." ("The Pope and the People," p. 204.) These words are found in the famous encyclical letter "On thj Condition of the Working Classjs, " Tihich all those in authority either in Church or State would do well to take for thjir guide. All who are raised to high position in Church or State should, with Solomon, ask God for wisdom, which is so much needed for the governance of men. Very few have that wisdom because pride prevents them from asking God for it. May humility guide all those who have the reins of government either in Church or State, — guide them to the Throne of Divine Wisdom ; then dis- respect for authority will be heard of no more. Denton, Tex. (Rev.) Raymond Vernimont

A Republican Plaint

To tlie Editor: —

Your correspondent "D. A. D." (F. R., XXXII, 2, p. i3), who is evidently a zealous Democrat, need not think that we Republi- cans did not have relig.ous troubles of our own .n .he recent campaign. Being in Wash- ington and holding a position since the days of McKiniey, I can truthfully say thnt we Republicans never before were so shocked anu surprised as when the direct charge of prejudice was made against President Coolidge and Secretary Mellon by our Arch- bishop Curley, just a few weeks before the election. Like our friend, "D. A. D.", speak- ing for the Democrats, we Republicans feel that this too was planned and intended for political effect.

The Archbishop charged that Catholics were being discriminated against in the government departments, both in the way of work and p^ou.otions, creating a great deal of political •ons ei;nation. As Ih' r port was carried by newspapers throughout the country, I think it w-as most unfortun;ite that it should have happ ned just before the election, for at such times these things arc^ always misinterpreted.

When President Coolidge and Secretary Mellon asked for specific cases, so that an in- vest ij.' at ion could be made, there was nothing coming from His Grace of a tangible charac- ter, uhi h made matters all the worse.

Therefore, the Democrats have no reason to complain, because we Republicans got as bad a deal as the v.

HENRY P. HESS

ARCHITECT S. W. Cor. Taylor & Page Ave.

Office Tel. Del. 5648 Residence Forest 7040

Chalices and Ciboriums Regilded

r- 7

Gold and Silver

We have Episcopal permission for Gold Plating and Repairing of Consecrated Sacred Vessels.

Candlesticks, Censers, etc. Revarnished

Mueller Plating Co.

922 Pine St.. Second Floor, ST. LOUIS. MO.

Established in 1855

Will&BaumerCandi'eCo.

Inc.

Syracuse, N. Y.

Makers of Highest Grades of

Church Candles

Branch Office

405 North Main Street

St. Louis, Mo.

Established 1876

THE KALETTA COMPANY

CHURCH STATUARY

ALTARS. RAILS

CHURCH FURNISHINGS

Composition Marble

Terra Cotta Wood

Cement Stone

Mosaics and Oil Paint ngs

3715-21 California Avenue

ST. LOUIS, MO. Designs submitted Catalogues

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY EE\T:EW

33

As we used to say back in Ohio, it's a ease of "horse and horse." Washington, D. C. M. W. M.

About Dancing

To the Editor:—

Dancing is merely the natural expression of a very human sentiment. The joy of living goes to one's arms and legs, and one starts to dance, as we can see among little children. There are many individuals who do not dance, but th re is no nation that has not its own peculiar and favorite dances. Among ancient nations dancing was a part of the religious ritual. The wise Solomon says there is a time to weep and a time to rejoice and dance. The Greeks developed dancing into an art, which was perfected by the Eomans. In the Middle Ages, after tlie pagan dances had been Christianized, the Catholic Church warm- ly encouraged dancing. The opponents of dancing say that it is a proximate occasion of sin. I ask: Cannot every meeting of per- sons of diiferent sexes become an occasion of sin? As regards abuse, shall we abolish God because His name is often taken in vain? Dr. Koch is quoted in the F. R. (XXXI, 24. p. 480) as saying that "the best dances are not above suspicion, and therefore dancing should be indulged in but rarely and for a short time. ' ' My opinion is that we should try to ennoble dancing and make it more artistic, rather than prescribe how long people should dance and what dances th >y may indulge in. Liberty, 111. (Rev.) Wm. Pietsch

Broadcasting Worldly Church Music

To the Editor: —

Th' midnight solemn High Mass was this year like last year and two years ago, broad- east from the Old Catliedral in St. Louis by the Post Dispatch Station. I had heard so much praise of the fonuer broadcasting by different people in the country. Catholics and Protestants alike, that I concluded to listen in this time, although Christmas night is of all nights the one which drives me to bed early. But, oh, what a disappointment ! It is bad enough when Catholic choirs dis- regard the laws of the Church in regard to church music, but it sounds ahuost like apostacy when this thing is broadcast. There was no harmony between the choir loft and the altar. Here the dignified action, up there profane, theatrical music. St. Augustine says: "When it happens to me that I am more moved by the singing than by the text sung, I confess that I am sinning, and then I would rather not listen to the singer. ' ' St. Jerome condemns those who sing theatrical songs in church, not to excite devotion, but for show and delight. But, what is the use of quoting authorities? We know the legislation of mother Church in the matter of church music. "It can not be done," is the usual answer to the question, why not real church

music, Gregorian or other? The singers ob- ject, the organist objects; the pastor does not know much about music, and so he lets things run on and waits until the Ordinary issues an order. But why should the bishop come out with an especial ord.r, when the general law of the Church is plain? What we need is more backbone. This reminds me of the case of a priest who was anxious to root out certain abuses in his parish. Not having the courage to oppose the guilty persons directly he had one of his parishioners write to the bishop, complaining that his pastor tol, rated or seem- ed to tolerate this abuse, hoping that the bishop would Avrite a strong letter, whih the pastor could read from the altar. Instead, the bishop sent this letter to the pastor mark- ing undern.ath the .paragraph and number of the church law forbidding that respective abu^e. A Priest

Excerpts from Letters

I am glad to ren-nv my subscription to the F. R. It is a splendid periodical. — {Rev.) W. Windulph, Crcighton, Ae5.

Kindly find enclosed $3 for 1925. I have read every codv of rlu> ihirtv-one volumes of the F. R. and have felt that I got more than Uiv money's worth; still 1 am sorry you have to raise the subscription price, for, if the F R. would be patronized as it deserves to be, you could sell it for 75 cents and live without financial cares. But we have to take things as they are, not as they might be. — {Rev.) Francis Nigsrh, C. PP. 5., St. Henry, 0.

Certainly I'm with von. Am sending an extra dollar in addition to my r.'cent renewal. — {Rev.) A. Fretz, Bethlehem, Pa.

I am sending you six dollars for two years' subscription at the advanced ra.e. I am only too glad to do my 'bit' to keep alive your splendid and 'pestiferous' Review. — {Rev.) A. LaUy, Oakland, Cal.

Enclosed please find three dollars to cover my subscription to the ever cherished F. R., for I'd-^. I take for granted that I am only one of hundreds of F. R. admirers who en- dorse quite whole heartedly every word of Faiher Rothensteiner 's letter (vide Co:-respon- denee in the Dec. 1st F. R.) and who will be ever be loyal to the spicy little magazine and its self-sacrificing editor, even though the sub- scription rate should be doubled. — {Rev.) Cyril Mohr, C. PP. S., Cleveland, 0.

If the new Commonweal is worth ten dollars a year, the tried old P. R. is worth twenty, and in asking only three, you are conferring a genuine favor on your readers, for \\hi;h t, for one, am very thankful. I have kept the F. R. for 27 years and will keep it as long as I live. — T. A. Brown, Seattle, Wash.

Although I enjoy the honor of being a life subscriber to your valuable paper, I s 'nd you the enclosed check as a small token of sincere recognition of your manly and unselfish efforts

34

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 15

in the cause of Catholic journalism. — {Et. Rev. Msgr.) Joseph Rainer, Rector Emeritus of St. Francis Seminary, St. Francis, Wis.

1 shall send you $3 a year from now on for your valued Review. It is worth more to me than the 16 to 20 page newspapers. — (Rev.) Victor End, Fordyce, Net.

I am sure no one will object to the slight advance; in fa<-t. had the subscription price been raised to five or ten dollars, you would lose very few subscribers. — {Rev.) Chas. W. Oppe7iheim, Raymond, III.

The devil may be glad that I am no capit- alist. If I were, and money would not de- prive me of good common and Christian sense, the F. R. would .be at least twice as large and published every week. Dear Mr. Preuss, the Church of this country needs your Review. Never say again that you think of quitting. May God provide men and minds who will continue the F. R. when you will no longer be able to wield your trenchant pen ! — (Rev.) John Van de Rict, Donaldson, Ind.

You have rendered a great service to the Church and to religion and are deserving of the respect and support of the clergy in pub- lishing your Fortnightly Review. I shall gladly pay fifty cents a year more for the magazine. — (Rev.) Louis Hefele, C. PP. S., St. Joseph, Mo.

A quarter a mouth is certainly not too much for the F. R., at least not for those who appreciate the strong mental food which every issue contains, and those who do not appreciate that kind of nourishment would deem the F. R. dear at 50 cents a year. Here is six dollars for two years, and I hope that your coffers may be replenished, that your pot of meal waste not, nor the cruse of oil be diminished, so that without fear of want for yourself and your family, you may con- tinue to do valiant battle for the cause of truth and justice. — (Rev.) J. H. Muehlenheclc, Rome City, Ind.

I am confident that the F. R. will lose no subscribers by the slight advance in price. Though its official title is Fortnightly, you have impressed your noble personality on it, so that most call it Preuss' Review. May it live long and prosperl — {Rev.) A. F. Breen, D. D., St. Francis Seminary, Wisconsin.

We are quite willing to respond to your most reasonable appeal rgearding the in- crease in the price of the F. R. — {Rev.) Joseph C. Sasia, S. J., University of Santa Clara, Cal.

We shall gladly pay the new subscription price and wish you uod 's blessing for your epochal work. — {Rev.) Fr. Paul, 0. S. B., St. Michael's Monastery, Cottonivood, Ida.

I have been a reader of your iig little magazine from its birth, in 1893, and with- out it should feel as if I had lost a dear

WM. KLOER

Church Decorator

Painting and Gilding of Statues and Altars Sceneries for Stages

1715 Longfellow Blvd. St. Louis, Mo.

JEt^Ker^

OXPORDS

B

■ ecoming to many people and giving excellent service if cor- rectly adjusted. Complete w/lth lenses at moderate prices.

SOS T^vo 511 N. OLIVE -^^"^^'^ GRAND

MlllllllllllllliiinilllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllT

Clerical Tailor

J. SELLMANN

Cassocks and Clerical Suits

made to measure

Moderate Prices

Cleaning and Pressing

Bell Grand 7832

Farmers & Merchants Trust Bldg. 3521 South Grand A v. St. Louis

H. Stuckstede Bell Foundiy Go.

1312 and 1314 South Second St.

ST. LOUIS. MO.

THE DOMINICAN SISTERS OF THE

EU HaRISTIC HEART

Are in Need of Vocations

Applications may be addressed to

MOTHER SUPERIOR

726 Fifth Ave., N. Great Falls, Mont.

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

35

old friend who has kept my mind -running in the right channels on all vital questions in which a layman is interested. Not charity but selfishness prompts me to send you ten dollars for the next two years. T feel that I am still getting more than full value for my money. — J. M. Schaefer, Hays, Kas.

Gladly I send you $3 for next year's sub- scription, for the F. R. is worth the money, and still more. "We need at least one paper that is mdependent and has the courage to point out the sore spots even in high places. — {Rev.^ M. Baerlocher, GreencreeTc, Ida.

It would be a distinct loss if you were obliged to suspend the publication of your Mfview. The increased price is not too large. It seems to me as a life subscriber that I should add something to my former offering in view of the increased subscription price, and as a bearinning T am enclosinfr a check of $5. — (Bev.) John T. Mullen, Hudson, Mass.

Every reader will glndly pay the small ad- ditional amount demanded for the most reli- able review of Catholic thought in our free- thinkiag country. — (Eev.) J. Brudermanns, Tomah, Wis.

Most gladly I send three dollars for the F. R. for 1925 and trust that no one will stand back, but all will help the good cause to the best of their ability. — (Rev.) Peter Theiscn, Milwaukee, Wis.

Continued success and prosperity to the best little fighter in all the dreary waste of American Catholic journalism! — {Rev.) Fr. Edivin Amveiler, 0. F. M., Ph. D., of the Col- legia di S. Bonaventura, Brozsi-Quaracchi, Italy.

Some years ago I sent you a life subscrip- tion for the F. R. Now I want to join the procession and send you $-5 more to make up on the price, although you are not including life subscribers in the raise. At any rate, if I am not in the raise, I want to be in the swim. I consider it ' ' carrying coal to Newcastle" to praise the F. R. and its doughty editor. — (Rev.) Andrew Klarmann, Woodhaven, N. Y.

It is becoming more and more difficult for the reverend clergy to obtain pure mass wine. Those interested in a new plan, promoted by the Viticultural Society of Missouri, lately incorporated on a fraternal educational plan, are asked to correspond with Mr. M. J, Edw. Hartmann, Secretary, 2637 S. 12th Str., St. Louis, Mo.

I am happy to note in your issue of Dec. 15th that you have made up your mind to con- tinue the publication of your highly-esteemed F. R. I sincerely hope that an ever-increas- ing number of subscribers may receive your best wishes for a Merry Xmas and a Happy New Year through the F. R. for at least thir- ty-one years more, no matter how often the price has to be raised. Honest bishops, priests, and laymen are bound to like the fear-

less manner in which sound principles are pre- sented to the public and defended on their merits in the F. R. There is no room in the F. R. for intrigues or partial and one-sided judgments; for you know but too well that secrecy breeds suspicion and intrigue, — with its train of unjust judgments, based on pre- judices,— causes misery, misfortune and un- happiness all along the line, to the sinners as well as to the victims. Therefore, the F. R. always presents the two sides of a question. The F. R. wants the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. It does not allow the main issue to be sidetracked or ob- scured by insignificant and irrelevant mat- ters. It wants justice for all and favors for none, because it rightly considers honesty the best policy. It repeats again and again, what was so well said by Bishop Spalding, that "The saddest truth is better than the mer- riest lie." — (Rev.) A. Verhoeren, Mermen- ton. La.

BOOK REVIEV/S

Nickerson's History of the Inquisition

The Inquisition, undoubtedly one of the most difficult and disagreeable themes of me- dieval Church history, has lately been made the subject of scholarly monographs which en- able the average reader to form a correct opinion on this much-maligned institution. We recall particularly the works of Douais, Vaeandard, Th. de Cauzons, Guiraud, and Turberville, who have refuted the one sided and tendentious statements of Henry Charles Lea ("A Hi..tory of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages," 3 vols.. New York, 1888) and given a true account of the medieval tribu- nal for the trial of heretics. The best sum- mary of their conclusions can be fourd in Vaeandard 's article in the "Dictionnaire de Thaologie Catholique, " fasc. 56/57 Paris, 1923, pp. 2016-67.

In view of the facts set forth above one may judge that it can be no easy task for any writer to produce a worth-while book on the Inquisition. Yet Hoffman Nickerson has entered the lists with a volume on " Th? In- quisition, a Political and Military Study of its Establishment" (Houghton Mifflin Co., 1923). The author not only aims at giving a historical exposition of his thL>me, but also — at combating prohibition! He devotes a lengthy epilogue (pp. 220-252) to the latter subject and strives to demonstrate that pro- hibition, with its damnable intolerance, pre- sents a pretty close historical parallel to the medieval Inquisition, that it is the result of fanatical Puritanism, and that it is even more directly opposed to the spirit of Christ than was the persecution of heretics.

It is questionable whether this strange ad- mixture of present-day political partisanship with history can be brought into harmony with

36

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

January 15

the ideal of the true historian, which is to describe the past as it was, sine ira et studio, to interpret it in its own light, even when it seems ineomprthensible and repugnant to the present generation. We must admit, however, that Mr. Nickerson has tried hard to evaluate the origin, nature, and early de- velopment of the Inquisition with the great- est possible objectivity. He has studied a considerable portion of the literature of his subject (there is a rather incomplete biblio- graphy on pp. 253-258) and describes, accu- rately in the main, though not very profound- ly and without references to his sources, the growth of the Cathari in Southern France and the battles fought against this pernicious sect in the Albigensian wars and by the Inquisition. He devotes particular attention to the military features of these wars.

In the concluding chapter of the book, on the mendicant orders and the Inquisition, he passes a general judgment on this medieval institution and states the reasons for that judgment, which, be it remarked, is unexpect- edly mild for a non-Catholic — Nickerson is an Episcopalian. He shows its justification in the tout-enscmhle of medieval culture, of which hi has a very high opinion, without in the least trying to conceal its defects and weak points. Like Vacandard, he regards its procedure as violent and barbaric, but at the same time calls attention to the fact that even in our highly cultured age lynching is still in vogue and the recent World War was characterized by all sorts of inhuman cruel- ties and an inexcusable terrorism, so that we have no reason to throw stones at our me- dieval forbears.

Nickerson 's book is characterized by con- stant comparisons between medieval and modern conditions, which lend it the charm of what Emerson called contemporaneousness, but involves the danger of anachronism — a danger which the author has not entirely es- caped. The massacre of Beziers (1209) with th? alleged cruel command of the papal le- gate, Abbot Arnold of Citeaux : ' ' Kill them all, foi- God will know His own" — " Caedite eos (i. e., haereticos et catholicos) ; novit enim Dominus qui sunt eius" (Caesarius Heister- bacen.s, Dialogus Miraeulorum, ed. Strange, Coloniae, 1851, 301 sq.), which is still occas- ionally cited by anti-Catholic writers, should have been treated more adequately and criti- cally in the light of the information gatli?r- ed by Eastoul (Eevtie Pratique d'Apologe- tique, I, 1906, 5.)8-511) and Guiraud (article "Albigeois" in the "Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Geographic Eeclesiastique, " fasc. 6, Paris, 1912, 1619-1694), with which Mr. Nickerson seems unacquainted. The latest pub- lications on the Cathari and Albigenses by Broeckx (Louvain, 1916) and H. J. Warner (London, 1922) also appear to have escaped the author's attention.

SECOND HAND BOOKS FOR SALE

(Terms: Cash with Order; Postage Pre- paid to any Part of the U. S.)

Staudenmaier, L. Die Magie als experimen- telle Naturwissenschaft. 2nd ed. Leipzig,

1922. $2.50.

Marchand, Dr. A. (tr. by Dom F. Izard, 0. S. B.) The Facts of Lourdes. London, 1924. $1.50.

Augustine, St. De Quantitate Animae. Ed. by F. E. Tourscher, 0. S. A. Phila., 1924. 50 cts.

^IcDonough, M. V. Three-Minute Homilies. N. Y., "^1924. $1.50.

Oonsidine, Dan. S. J. (with introductory memoir by F. C. Devas S. J.). The Virtues of the Divine Child and Other Papers. London, 1924. $1.50.

Sisters of Notre Dame. Communion Devo- tions for Religious. With Preface by F. P. Le Butfe, S. J. N. Y., 1924. $2.

Droves, F. M. Our Pilgrimage in France (Lisieux, Lourdes, and Paray-le-Monial). London, 1924. $1.10.

Stebbing, Geo., C. SS. 11. The Redemp- torists. London, 1924. $2.

Maver, H. Katechetik. Freiburg i. B., ]924. 8 cts.

Denis, Enid. More Mystics. London, 1924.

$1.50. 'raven, Mrs. Augustus. A Sister's Story. Tr. by Emily Bowles, revised and adapt- ed by J. C. Reville, S. J., N. Y., 1924. $1.

itanley, Hy. !?.[. My Trav?ls and Adventures in America and Asia. 2 vols. N. Y., 1905. $2 50.

Alphonsus, St. Theologia Lloralis. Ed. M. Hariuger, C. SS. R., 2a. Ratisbon, 1879. 8 vols. $6.30.

.Vatts, N. Love Songs of Sion. A Selec- tion of Devotional Verse from Old English Sources. London, 1924. $1.

Sjjecking, Inez. The Awakening of Edith, A Boarding School Storv. N. Y., 1924. $1.

Lord, Dan. A., S. J. Our Nuns; The^.r Varied and Vital ttervice for God and Country. De Luxe ed. N. Y., 1924. $2.

Al. de Immac. Conceptione. Des HI. Johannes vom Kreuz Dunkle Nacht, nach den neusten krit. Ausgaben iibersetzt. Munich, 1924. $1.

The Small Missal. Containing the Proper of the Mass for all Sundays and Holy- days of the Year, Vespers, Compline, etc. London, 1924. $1.25.

Karrer, Otto, S. J. Der hi. Franz von Borja, General der Gesellschaft Jesu. 1515-1572. Mit einem Titelbild. Frei- burg, 1921. $2.

Rost, Dr. Hans. Die Kulturkraft des Katholizismus. 3rd edition. Paderborn,

1923. $1.50.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW 5851 Etzel Ave. St. Louis, Mo.

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

37

Literary Briefs

— Not a few leading magazines to-day have departments of "Foreign Relations" and ' ' International News. " It is not suspected by many that our scientifically edited missionary magazines sometimes convey information of the most reliable kind on matters of foreign, and perhaps world-wide interest. For the writers of articles in missionary Journals are neither cub reporters looking for a ' ' scoop, ' ' nor paid newspaper men writing at the dicta- tion of the editors. They are generally men who have lived in the field and are thorough- ly at home in the language, and deeply versed in the culture, of the people among whom they have been sojourning. At any rate, Die Katholischen Missionen, an illustrated month- ly magazine of the Society for the Promotion of the Faith (Herder), will never disappoint those who are looking for up-to-date news and notes from foreign lands. That the articles are chiefly devoted to Catholic missionary pro- gress does not in the least interfere with their scientific value, as is evident, e. g., from Heft 12. The opening article on "Ost-Kansu" by the Rev, Gonsalvus Walter, 0. M. Cap., throws light on the terrible hardships our heralds of the faith encounter in that "Forbidden Dis- trict" of China.

— As a fitting pendant to his " ]\Iass In- tention Calendar," recommended in the F. R. for Dee. 15;;h. 1924. Mr. John W. Winterich. the enterprising Cleveland publisher, has is- sued an "Ecclesiastical Appointment and Memorandum Book," which will prove equally useful to the reverend clergy. For each day of the year 1925 this book contains seven blank spaces for entering weddings, funerals, baptisms, sick-calls, confessions, miscellaneous uppointments, and "remarks." For each duy, moreover, the current feast is mentioned, days of abstinence are indicated by a fish, and the days on which the pastor must say the Mass pro populo by a red asterisk. Nothing more serviceable in the line of a clerical memorandum book could well be imagined, iind it requires no prophetic foresight to pre- dict that this little book, which is to be re- issued annually, will prove popular among those for whom it is intended. The last paTC contains some "Interesting Statistics," which might be improved upon.

— Father John A. Whelan, 0. S. A., adds a third to his series of "Sermons," dealing with a variety of topics, twelve in all, includ- ing the Birth of Christ, blindness of soul. Catholic education, death, the General Judg- ment, and happiness in Heaven. These ser- mons, like their predecessors, are intended not only for preaching by the clergy, but for si^iritual reading by the laity, and their erudi- tion and attractive style make them suitable for both purposes. (Benziger Bros.)

— Miss Enid Dinnis has given us another volume of short stories under the title, ' ' More

Mystics." There are sixteen of th°m, all full of rich humor, delicate beauty, and spiri- tual insight. Miss Dinnis uses the word ' ' mystics ' ' to designate ordinary persons who, living on the ordinary plane, get glimpes of the supernatural through breaks in the grey skies, as often as not without realizing it. Her books are for those w'ho can appreciate really good literature and high spirituality. (B. Herder Book Co.)

— Giovanni Meille, in a volume entitled ' ' Christ 's Likeness in History and Art, ' ' has collected 200 photographs of more or less re- markable portraits of our Divine Saviour, to- gether with some modern pictures which have appealed to his taste. The text, translated into English by Miss Emmie Kirkman, is more convincing for its piety than for critical acumen. The modern section is the least sat- isfactory, althouph it contains some fine things. Max Klinger's "Jesus Delivering Psy..he" (p. ]5i) deserves no place >n the ( ollection, and the freak picture by Gabriel ]\rax should also have been omitted. (Benziger Bros.)

— "Biblia Mariana seu Commentarium Biblio-Patristicum in Litanias Lauretanas uccniu m varia B. V. IMariae Nomina, Titulos ac Praeconia alphabetiee Disposita, " by P. Sebastian Uccello, C. SS. S. (Turin: Marietti) shows how the invocations of the Litany of Loreto are not the spontaneous product of a poetical mind, but the final result of a long Patristic tradition. All of them are found in the writings of the ancient Fathers and medieval authors of the Western as well as of the Eastern Church. A great many more such invocations might have b?en added, as Father Uccello shows, from the long list of names and titles given to ths Blessed \'irgin by the Doctors of the Church. We lecommend the little volume to the lovers of medieval poetry and to all the children of :\Iary.— F. G. H.

— "Franciscan Essays" by Dominic Devas, O. F. M., should be in the library of every student of Franciscan history. The first of the oieht essavs, "St. Francis of Assisi: A

DINNER BELLE BREAD

PAPENDICK BAKERY COMPANY ASK YOVR GROCER

38

TTTE FOHTXTGHTLV REVIEW

Jamiavy 15

Do You Contemplate

a New Church or School?

Our Architectural Department is especially qualified to serve you. Mr. Louis Preuss is in charge of this department. He is of mature years. His knowledge of architecture rests not alone on his practical training and European studies, but also on many years of experience in prominent architectural offices and in the practice of architecture under his own name. His early training, the knowledge gained in his studies abroad, and his wide experience unquestionably place Mr. Preuss in the foremost rank of American architectural designers, especially for religious art.

Widmer Engineers render such cooperation as is necessary to the Architectural Department, and Widmer field forces are at your disposal if you desire them. Thus, one master organization may handle your entire project.

Our method of operating not only tends towards efficiency through quick completion of your building, but also eliminates pyramiding of architects', engi- neers', sub-contractors' and general contractors' fees. It centralizes the re- sponsibility. It effects substantial savings. The cost of your building can be guaran- teed before you start.

An interview involves no obligation. Write or telephone us.

WIDMER ENGINEERING CO.

Architects — Engineers LACLEDE GAS BLDG. ST. LOUIS, MO.

Point of View and a Contrast," deals with "the deep, pathetic tragedy that overhangs his later years" (p. 13). The second, "The Franciscan Order and Its Branches, ' ' presents a correct picture of the development of the Order. In the essay on "St. Antony of Padua" the author rightly discovers one (among others of that time) who "admitted as quite necessary some measure of mitiga- tion in the primitive wavs and ideals Avhich had inspirecf Francis and his early compan- ions" (p. 73) — the germ of Franciscan Ob- servantism, as it was further developed in sub- sequent centuries and definitely established by Leo X, in 1517. The essay on "Elias of Cor- tona" shows how this friar's eminent at- tainments were "but forces of destruction un- dermining what they ought to have built up" (p. 90). The next two essays, "John Gennings and Douai" and "Francis Daven- port, ' ' treat of the founder of the Second English Province and of its most prominent member in the 17th century. In the essay on * * Theophilus of Corte ' ' we become more in- timately acquainted with the foremost cham- pions of the 18th century Eetiro movement in the Franciscan Order. The last essay, ' ' A Poor Clare of Yesterday," portrays the life and ac- tivity of Mother Mary-Dominic, who re-^stab- lished the Poor Clares in England seventj- five years ago. All in all, the volume is a valuable and scholarly contribution to the study of Franciscan history. Accuracy, clear-

ness, and terseness of expression lend to these essays a charm quite their own.

—"The Virtues of the Divine Child and O'hr^r Papers" is a volume of papers on spiritual topics by the late Father Daniel Considine, an Irish Jesuit with whose career we are made acquainted in an introductory memoir by Fr. F. C. Devas, S. J. Some of the "other papers" deal with the uses of Confession, mistaken severity, apostleship, worry, prayer, especially its practical difficul- ties, and so forth. The volume can be recom- mended for spiritual reading, especially to re- ligious communities. (B. Herder Book Co.)

— ' ' Excellence in English ' ' by Frank H. Callan (The Devin-Adair Co.), is a valuable book that fills a decided want. The author il- lustrates the fundamental attributes of a good style, such as clearness, precision, humor, pathos, by crisp definitions, followed by illus- trative quotations from the masterpieces of English literature. The selections are made with fine discrimination from some fifty standard British and American writers and form a most valuable collection in them- selves. Together with the author 's clear analy- sis and defuiitions they constitute a hand- book of good English that will be welcomed by teachers and students. We hope it ^-ill find its way into many of our Catholic high schools, academies, and colleges.

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

39

— Father Michael V. McDonough's "Three- Minute Homilies" (Benziger Bros.) are not homilies in the strict sense, but short talks, explaining the chief lessons of the gospel for every Sunday and the main holydays of the year. The author demonstrates that brevity need not be the only virtue of a short paro- chial sermon. The gospel of the day precedes each sermon, which makes the use of other books imnecessary in preparing a discourse. The volume may be recommended especially to priests whose numerous duties allow them to devote but little time to their sermons.

—"The Small Missal" (Benziger Bros.) contains the Proper of the Mass for all Sun- days and for the principal feasts of the year, the rite of benediction, vespers and compline for Sundays, and the devotions usually found in popular prayer books. Printed in bold- faced type on India paper and bound in flex- ible imitation leather, this slender yet full vol- ume, which easily tits into the vest pocket, comes near being the ideal prayer book for the laity.

— The heroine of Miss Inez Specking 's sec- ond novel, "The Awakening of Edith" (Benziger Bros.), would make a welcome chum for any girl. She is quick-tempered and adven- turous, but infectiously happy and fundamen- tally devout, and in following her through two years of convent school life, the author depicts the gradual development of a sterling character. Unlike "Missy," this story is in- tended for the young people themselves, more particularly for girls of from 12 to IS years.

— A new edition is now available, at half the price of the original, of Dom MatthcAV Britt's scholarly work, "The Hymns of the Breviary and Missal," Avhich we cordially recommended at the time of its first appear- ance, a year or two ago. The author pre- sents the Latin text of 173 hymns with a literal prose rendering and the best metrical translation, succinct notes on the Latin text, a historical introduction and biographical notes on authors and translators. The beau- tifully printed book deserves a place in every Catholic library. (Benziger Bros.)

— In "The Eedemptorists " (Benziger Bros.), the well-known church historian, Father George Stebbing, himself a member of the Congregation of the Most Holy Eedeemer, has furnished an interesting account of the history of that religious congregation, its spirit and rule, its past fortunes, and its pres- ent condition. St. Alphonsus de' Liguori had many and great difficulties to overcome and at one time found himself, to all intents and purposes, excluded from the Congregation he had himself founded. But when he died he left behind him a flourishing foundation that in course of time has once more illustrated the parable of the mustard-seed. Father Stebbing has done his Avork well in every respect but one — there is no index.

New Books Received

A Scripture 2Ianual. Directed to the Inter- pretation of Biblical Revelation. By the Eev. John-Mary Simon, O. S. M. Vol. I: General Introduction to the Sacred Scrip- tures and Special Introduction to the Books of the Old Testament, xiii & 441 pp. 8vo. Joseph F. Wagner, Inc.

The Story of Jesus. By Francis J. Finn, S. J. 16 pp. 11x13 in. with 8 full page illustrations in four colors. Chicago, 111. : Extension Press. 50 cts.

Bibliography of the Annual Proceedings of the Catholic Educational Association, 1904-

• 1923. With Index by Author, Title, and Subject. By Katherine A. Collins. 108 pp. 8vo. Washington, D. C. : ISTational Cath- olic Welfare Conference, Bureau of Educa- tion, 1312 Massachusetts Ave., N. W.

The Catholic Teacher's Companion. A Book of Self -Help and Guidance. By Eev. Felix M. Kirseh, O. M. Cap., Eector, Capuchin College, Catholic University of America. With a Preface by Cardinal Dougherty. XXX & 747 pp. 4")4x6-')4 in. Benziger Bros. $2.75 net.

l)er heilige Johannes Franziskus Regis aus der Gesellschaft Jesu. Von Sigmund Nach- baur, S. J. Mit 3 Abbildungen auf 2 Tafeln. vi & 184 pp. 12mo. Herder & Co., Freiburg, Germany; B. Herder Book Co., St. Louis, Mo. $1.20 net.

Sermons. By Eev. John A. Whelan, 0. S. A., Professor of Homiletics and History, Vil- lanova Seholasticate, Villanova, Pa. 294 pp. 12mo. Benziger Bros. $2 net. Tlie Valley of Peace. By Lida L. Coghlan, vi & 275 pp. 12mo. B. Herder Book Co. $1.50 net. The Psalms. A Study of the Vulgate Psalter in the Light of the Hebrew Text by Rev. Patrick Boylan. Vol. II: Psalms LXXII— 'CL. xi 404 pp. 8vo. Gill & Son and B. Herder Book Co. $6.25 net.

Brief History of the CJiurches of the Diocese of St. Augustine^ Florida. Part Four, pp. 77 to 116, illustrated. St. Leo, Fla. : Abbey Press.

Father Tim's Talks With People He Met. By C. D. McEnniry, C. SS. R. Volume V. iv & 185 pp. 12mo. B. Herder Book Co. $1 net.

Der von den Freimaurern verschiedener Lander seit 1889 und besonders seit 1921 — erstrebte engere Zusammenhang der Welt- Freimaurerei, speziel in seinen Beziehungen zum Kampfe der Weltfreimaurerei gegen das Papsttum. Von Hermann Gruber S. J. (Reprint from the Historiscli Tijdschrift, of Tilburg, Holland, Oct., 1924). 44 pp. 8vo. (Wrapper).

On Missions. The First Pastoral Letter of the Et. Rev. Francis C. Kelley, D. D., Bishop of Oklahoma. Issued on Christmas Day, 1924. 8 pp. 8vo. Oklahoma City: The Southwest Courier.

40

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

January 15

A SPRINKLE OF SPICE

They have made Missouri mules gentle, it is reported. This, however, does not refer to the "kick" in the Fortnightlv Review. — Buffalo F.clio.

Religion is like a river; when it breaks over its ancient banks, unless it is remarkably deep, it spreads out into a swamp. A writer in the Atlantic Monthly once took to task a gen- ial gentleman who enlivened his chat with tlie smiling remark, "I am broadminded enough to admit that one r-hureh is as good as an- other, ' ' by commenting ; "Of course, he is broad — swamp broad, and covered with a rich intellectual scum which prevents hi;* knowino- wh^t arrant nonsense he is uttering. —TliP Ficcord.

The constant succession of amusement fads and the latest of these fads, the cross-word puzzle, are cleverly hit oft" in the follov.-ing letter from H. K. Lassiter, of Birmingham, Ala., to Collier's: "Wouldn't it be terrible if we didn't have somebody to tell us how to amuse ourselves? Two years ago we all blew ourselves for the costliest mah jongg sets we could possibly afford. Now I know people who are buving expensive dictionaries, on the installment plan, to help them do the cross- word puzzles. Can you remember a time when there hasn't been some such general af- fliction? I can't, and my memory goes back through the age of Ann and diabolo and ping- ' pong to the years of the fad for charades. Who starts those durn things, anyway? Can we find and exterminate him, and meanwhile will you gimme a seven-letter word that means incompatible^ and a fifteen-letter name of a Burmese marsh plant?"

A schoolboy in an examination paper stated that "a grass widow is the wife of a dead vegetarian. ' '

Under the title, "A Zoological Litany," tlie English Catholic Truth in its current issue (Vol. I, No. 6) prints what purports to be a litany said by Spanish Catholics against Prot- estants. It contains such invocations as thes'^ : ' ' Horse of St. James, trample on them ; ' ^ " Lion of St. Mark, rend them ; ' ' ' ' Eagle of St. John, pick them to pieces ; ' ' ' ' Bull of St. Luke, gore them ; " " Goat of St. Francis, butt them;" "Dog of St. Domingo, bite them; " "Devil of St. Michael, scratdi them;" "Crow of St. Onofrio, pick out their eyes ; " " Pig of St. Anthony, attack them;" "Fish of St. Raphael, give them in- digestion," and so forth. To which one can only add a prayer to St. Dunstan '^v some other merry saint to give the inventors of this "litany" a sense of humor. Catholic Truth thinks that the list was made in England, but it is more likely that the temptation to "pull the leg ' ' of earnest Protestant missionaries may have proved too much for some witty Spanish Catholic.

New Publications

The Valley of Peace.

By Lida L. Coglilan. Cloth, 8vo., 282 pages, art jacket, net $1.50.

FatHiei- Tim's Talks With People He Met.

By C. D. McEnniry, C. SS. B. Volume Five. Cloth, 8vo., IV & 185 pages, net

$1.00.

The Psalms.

A Study of the Vulgate Psalter in the Light of the Hebrew Text. By Eev. FatricTc Boylan, M. A. Volume Two. (Psalms LXXII— CL.) Large Svo., XII & 404 pages, net $6.25.

The Tower to Tyburn.

A London Pilgrimage by P. J. Chandlery, S. J. Cloth Svo., XII & • 164 pages, and copious illustrations, net $2.25.

Our Pilgrimage in France.

(Lisieux, Lourdes and Paray-le- Monial). By the Eev. F. M. Breves. Cloth, 8vo., 256 pages, net $1.40.

More Mystics.

By Enid Dinnis. Cloth, Svo., 254 pages, net $1.75.

St. Benedict.

A Character Study. From the Pen of Et. Eev. lldephonse Herwegen, 0. S. B., Abbot of Maria Laaeh. Trans- lated by Dom Peter Nugent, O. S. B. Cloth, 8vo., 184 pages, net $2.25.

The Cure of Ars.

(The Blessed Jean-Baptiste Marie

Vianney.) By the Abbe Alfred

Monnin. Translation and Notes by

Bertram Wolferstan, S. J. Cloth,

large 8vo., 558 pages, illustrated, net $6.25.

The Problem of Evil and Human Destiny.

From the German of the Eev. Otto Zimmcrmann, S. J., by the Rev. John S. Zybura. With Introduction by the Right Rev. Joseph Schrembs, D. D. Cloth, Svo., XIV & 135 pages, net 90 cents.

The Virtues of the Divine Child and Other Papers.

By the late Daniel Considine, S. J. With an Introductory Memoir bv F. C. Devas, S. J. Cloth, 8vo., XXIV & 204 pages, net $2.00.

The Unknown God.

By Eev. John A. McClorey, S. J. Cloth, Svo., XIII & 202 pages, net $1.50.

B. Herder Book Co.

1 7 South Broadway, St. Louis, Mo.

The Fortnigfhtly Review

VOL. XXXII, XO. 3

ST. LOUIS, MISSOUEI

February 1st, 192i

The Fortnightly Review and Its Future

The Catholic Bulletin, official paper of the Archdiocese of St. Paul, says in a recent issue (Vol. XIY, No. 52) :

"The Fortnightly Review, whose learned and outspoken editor, ]\Ir. Arthur Preuss, in the December loth number, offers his readers Christmas greetings for the thirty -first time in its career, is to cost three dollars a year hereafter instead of two dollars and fifty cents. Mr. Preuss shows that his cost of production has increased nearly 200% since the beginning of the Re- view, but that it has not been possible to augment the revenue in proportion. 'Even the raise in price will not do any- thing extraordinary for the man who has made the study, interpretation and defense of Catholic truth the work of many years, at times amid circum- stances the most discouraging and ad- verse. Expressions of good will and best wishes are coming in from read- ers, lay and clerical. May their iiiim- ber grow sufficiently to boost the Fort- nightly far beyond any danger-line of failure for lack of support. The highways and byways of current relig- ious and philosophical thinking have no keener observer in the American field than Mr. Preuss. He has a way all his own, honest, straightforward. and to the point, of calling attention to irresponsible, rash, and dangerous men- tal traffic obstruction and false expedi- ents of progress. It would be a blot on the name of the Catholic intelligentsia of the country to let the wholesomely critical and scholarly Fortnightly Re- view go under after so many years of meritorious service."

We thank our St. Paul contemporary for this sympathetic and generous no- tice, which is all the more appreciated as in the early years of its career the P. R. met with nothing but condemna- tion and criticism from the episcopal curia of St. Paul. Things have chang-

ed under the genial and benevolent Archbishop Dowling, who used to be an editor himself and since the days of his editorship of the Providence Visitor, a quarter of a century ago, has been a subscriber to the F. R. and generously encouraged its editor, even though he may not have agreed with him on all subjects.

We are glad to assure the Catholic Bulletin and our friends generally that there is no danger of the F. R. 's going under. There has been, we are glad to say, and say it thankfully, a very fa- vorable response on the part of our sub- scribers to the inevitable raise in the subscription price and besides not a few have taken it upon themselves to obtain new subscribers. If this demon- stration of good will continues, the magazine will not only be able to carry on, ' ' but will enter upon an era of greater prosperity than it has ever experienced before. Hitherto the pub- lisher has borne the burden almost alone : it is a relief to him after 31 3^ears of unremitting labor to receive active assistance. If all who believe in the cause which the F. R. represents will pull together, independent Catho- lic journalism of the "wholesomely critical and scholarly" kind, as the Bulletin is pleased to describe it, will gain new strength.

The most important thing now is to obtain new subscribers. If every old subscriber who can conveniently do so Avill give just a little help in this di- rection, the future of the F. R. will be assured for a long time to come.

To do your work thoroughly, to do it . carefully, to do it patiently, is not quite enough.' Put into it a touch of en- thusiasm. Shape it by your personal- ity. Add to it that sparkle, that fla- vor, which comes from your own inter- est and ardor.

42

THG rORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

Febniary 1

Misuse of "Education Week"

The Yonng Woniens Christian Asso- ciation refused to co-operate with the seven-day programme for "Education Week" (Nov. 17- '24), sent out by Commissioner Tigert of Washington, on account of "the over-emphasis laid therein on certain subjects, its ignoring of others whi?h are of great importance, and its announcements as to speakers, which have aroused just criticism."

The programme for "Education Week" said: "All communities are urged to hold mass meetings. Requests for speakers for mass meetings during the week should be made to the Ameri- can Legion posts throughout the coun- try." The programme began with "Constitution Day" and declared that "revolutionists, communists, and ex- treme pacifists are a menace to the con- stitutional guaranties of our rights." Inasmuch as George Washingtoi; was a revolutionist and Christ advocated what many nowadays regard as ex- treme pacifism, and inasmuch as any po- litical theorist, no matter how crack- brained, has a constitutional right to advocate any legal change of govern- ment in this Republic, we do not won- der at the Y. W. C. A.'s objection to this part of Commissioner Tigert 's pro- gramme.

Under "Patriotism Day" the pro- gramme declared: "The red flag means death, destruction, poverty, star- vation, disease and anarchy . . Stamp out revolutionary radicalism," etc. The Y. W. C. A. 'rightly thinks that attention should much rather be called to the lawlessness that hides under our OAvn flag, under which in ten years more of our citizens have been murdered than -were slain by foreigners in a^ our wars combined. Three days of the programme were devoted prac- tically to patriotic bunk, but there was no hint that we belong to the great f amil.v of nations, that every true Chris- tian is a citizen of the world and that his first loyalty is to God and mankind. By absolutely ignoring our obligations towards other nations the Washington programme encouraged that smug

self-satisfaction which is the bane of our national life.

As for the speakers, in the words of Unity (Vol. 94, No. 12), "why are Legion men alone, who are not educa- > tors, the persons chosen by Commis- j sioner Tigert? Why not equally the ] Knights of Columbus and the American ! Federation of Labor? One would sup- : pose that, if wisdom and information were desired, experienced educators would have been recommended. If we , are to have an education week — and * of course we need one ! — let its exer- | cises be put into the hands of trained i educators, and let the public protest 1 against any contrary programme."

We are glad the Y. W. C. A. has had the courage to protest against this mis- use of "Education Week," and trust its protest will be heeded.

C. D. U.

Cardinal Bourne, in the course of a s])eeeh reported in the London Tablet (No. 4412), pronounced a warning full | of farsighted statesmanship. He point- ' ed out that France is the arch-exami)^ of depopulation through birth control, and that this is what makes her position so precarious, with actions and reac- . tions upon the peace of the world. With ; millions of her sons and daughters de- ] tying the laws of God, France is forced to seek substitutes for her natural de- fences. Her quiver is no longer full of arrows, and therefore she cannot speak with her enemies at the gate, but must rely upon uncertain alliances and even upon the help of black troops. Al- though His Eminence did not go into detail, he made his hearers feel that, | while the Catholic campaign against the 1 Neo-Malthusian doctrines is primarily I undertaken out of obedience to the di- vine law, it is also of vital importance to the security of the white races, and therefore to the future of civilization.

A Carmelite novice went with great glee to St. Teresa to tell her that she had discovered a new kind of sin liither- to unnoticed in the books. "My dear daughter," the Saint replied, "have we not too many sins already?"

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEYIEW

43

The Callahan Correspondence

By Benedict Elder

In recent issues of the Fortnightly Review there have been references to the correspondence %Yhich has been con- ducted so thoroughly and systematical- ly for a period of years by Col. P. H. Callahan of Louisville, Ky., originating with his Chairmanship of the Com- mission on Religious Prejudices. It Occurred to me that it would not only be interesting, but likewise of great usefulness, to have your readers more familiar with this unusual and perhaps unique work for Catholic welfare, which, seemingly of a limited personal character, is most widely extended by the plan in vogue.

It is not a question of a letter, or the letters especially, but rather the manner in which the thoughts con- veyed therein are used in a campaign of education and the plan whereby this corrective information is distrib- uted in order to receive what selling men call "most favorable attention." While there are several hundred of these letters written every year, in ad- dition many thousands of copies are made for distribution to peopie who either know, or know of, the writer or the person receiving the letter, which is the principle of the whole work, namel3', personal interest, and w^heu friendliness is also an outstand- ing note, it makes the very best kind of approach.

Our experience leads us to watch carefully what is calied the country press, and we have been signally for- tunate here in Kentucky, there being but three papers out of a hundred and fifty that are inclined to carry, spas- modically, what is termed Anti-Cath- olic Stuff, and the two letters append- ed herewith are used as an illustra- tion. These letters are not unusual, except in that, showing experience and coming from one of such prominence, they can not be turned down, as the editor knows some other paper in town or nearby will carry same, even if the Colonel has to pay advertising rates, which has sometimes been done.

Whether these letters are printed or not, copies of them are immediately mailed to the editor of every country paper in the State. This being a Demo- cratic paper, copies of these letters were aiso sent to the one hundred and twenty Democratic county chairmen, located, in mostly every case, in the same towns as the paper, and very often friends of the editor. In addi- tion a couple hundred copies are sent to non-Catholic friends and acquain- tances throughout the State, including twenty to tliirty Protestant ministers. In more important cases copies have been sent to all county judges, and other State and county ottioials as well. If it w^as a Republican paper, the Republican organization and of- fice-holders would be addressed in like manner, — all of which will start the wheels, so that truth and fairness fi- nally prevail. In one county, some years ago, it was necessary to secure the list of voters of that county, to whom was sent our side of the contro- versy and the unfair position of their local paper.

In this particular case, as in most others, every one receiving these letters is either acquainted with or knows of Colonel Callahan, and as described above there were over six hundred copies distributed in this way, to say nothing of their being published not only by the paper in question, but by other papers as well. The results from such a thorough as well as personal campaign must be obvious, and we have had results here in Kentucky to prove the success of the plan, which can be duplicated in any other State or com- munity by interesting some equally well known Cathoiic to put his per- sonality into the work, thereby en- gaging in an activity of the greatest service not only to Catholicity, but to the State itself in having better rela- tions and a fine spirit of co-operation between all the citizens.

Here are the specimen letters re- ferred to : —

44

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

Febniary 1

Mr. Max Charleston, Editor, The Harrodshurg Democrat, Harrodsburg, Kentucky. Dear Mr. Charleston :

Your letter inviting me to point out any errors in your editorial regarding the teaching of the Catholic Church, is appreciated, and would have been answered sooner, but wanted to verify your quotations ascribing to the Church teachings that we Catholics never heard of except in anti-Catholic propaganda.

There can be no objection to one criticizing the Catholic attitude, or the attitude of any other body of citizens, on public questions, so long as criticism is based on the beliefs of Catholics, as stated by the Catholics themselves, but Catholics alone, and for that matter, any other religious group, have the right to say what they believe.

Your conclusion, which you reach from the teachings you ascribe to Cath- olics in your editorial, is logical, as anyone believing such things would be an undesirable citizen in any country, and Catholics would have every reason to be ashamed of themselves if they were taught such beliefs. Your error, therefore, is in the matter of your quotations, which are spurious or gar- bled, showing very clearly that you have been imposed upon by someone.

Pope Pius IX never said what you ascribe to him in regard to the public schools. No Pope ever claimed the extraordinary prerogative set out in the words you quote in regard to the Church and State. No Pope ever taught that the State has rights only by permission of the Church. No Cath- olic organ ever stated that if a Cath- olic candidate is on the ticket and his opponent is a non-Catholic, the Cath- olic candidate should have the vote, no matter what he represents. No Catholic was ever taught that the mar- riage of Protestants is of no account.

On the contrary, although you did not say where you got your quotations and it is difBcult to get at them direct- ly, every Catholic knows that the teach- ings you ascribe to the Church are impossible. For instance, in the "Ne Temere," which contains the laws of

the Catholic Church regarding mar- riage, we find the following in Article 11 as to the application of the law : ' ' These laws are binding on all persons baptized in the Catholic Church, in all cases of betrothal or marriage. Non- Catholics, whether baptized or unbap- tized, who contract betrothal or mar- riage among themselves, are nowhere bound to observe these laws." Cath- olics are all taught that the marriages of Protestants are sacred and binding, and there is no misrepresentation of our belief more ill-founded, as there is none more calculated to excite hatred between neighbors, than the statement that we regard the marriages of our Protestant friends as of no account.

Again, in regard to Church and State, the Catholic Church teaches that in civil matters the authority of the State is supreme. The Catholic Archbishops and Bishops of' our country, meeting in AVashington in 1919, issued a pastoral letter which contained these words : ' ' The State has a sacred claim upon our respect and loyalt}'. It may justly impose obliga- tions and demand sacrifices for the sake of the common welfare which it is established to promote. Within its proper limits it has a right to our obedience, and this obedience we are bound to render not merely on grounds of expediency, but as a conscientious duty. ' '

In his Encyclical Letter addressed to the Catholics of America in 1895, Pope Leo XIII said: "The Catholic Church should keep equal step with the Republic in the march of improvement, striving to the utmost by her virtue to aid in the rapid growth of the States, ever keeping before the minds of the people the enactments of the Council of Baltimore, particularly those which inculcate the observance of the laws and constitutions of the Republic. ' '

Again, in his Encyclical on the Christian Constitution of the States, addressed to the Catholics of the world. Pope Leo XIII said: "Almighty God has appointed the charge of the human race between two powers, the ecclesias- tical and the civil, the one being set

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY REA^IEW

45

over divine and the other over human things. Each has fixed limits "within whicli it is contained, and each in its sphere is .supreme. Whatever is to be ranged under the civil and political order is rightfully subject to the civil authority. ' '

You will find the above letters of Leo XIII translated into English, pub- lished in "The Great Encyclical Let- ters of Pope Leo XIII," published by Benziger Bros., of Cincinnati, and available to anyone interested enough to procure them. The Bishops' Pastor- al of 1919 will be furnished by the present writer to anyone interested.

In regard to Catholics and the public school: the. following resolution, adopted at the 1915 National Conven- tion of the Knights of Columbus, cor- rectly states the Catholic position to- ward public schools :

"That, 3onsidering a cause of pre- judice to be the mistaken opinion Avhich many non-Catholics hold that Catholics aim to secure control of the public schools, we point to the fact that many Catholics are prominently identified with our public school sj^stem, being chairman of, and at times constituting a majority upon, boards of education, being also superintendents and prin- cipals and teachers by the thousand in the public schools of every grade, — and yet there has never been, there is not now, nor is there warrant for thinking there ever will be, any attempt on their part to interfere in any manner w^tli the advancement of common school education in any part of the United States."

"We should strive to illumine the public mind with the truth and get the people to understand our true educational ideas — namely, that we do not desire to control the public schools, or to hinder education, or to force Cath- olicity upon unwilling minds, but that we desire universal education, would have it free where possible, and would make it compulsory where necessary. And while we have no fault to find with those outside our faith who wish their children to attend the public schools, for ourselves we prefer a

school where religion is taught, and only regret that all can not see how im- portant it is that the youth of the coun- try be taught the truths of religion during years when the mind is being opened and the character is being form- ed."

The following statement in the 1919 Pastoral Letter of the Catholic Arch- bishops and Bishops of the United States will show you how you were im- posed upon in those quotations which you ascribed to Pope Pius IX, re- presenting the Church as having the right "to deprive the civil authorities of the entire government of the public schools." The Pastoral Letter epitom- izes Catholic teaching and philosophy on this point in the following words:

"The State has a right to insist that its citizens shall be educated. It should encourage among the people such a love of learning that they will take the initiative and, without con- straint, provide for the education of their children. Should they, through negligence or lack of means, fail to do so, the State has the right to establish schools and take other legitimate means to safeguard its vital interests against the dangers that result from ignorance. In particulai, it has both the right and the duty to exclude the teaching of doctrines which aim at the subversion of law and order, and, which therefore, aim at the destruction of the State it- self."

It need only be added that a personal representative of the Pope presided at the meeting at which this statement was adopted, and, therefore, anything to the contrary is not Catholic teaching.

It is not what Catholics are taught, but what is falsely ascribed to them, that excites apprehension, and as we must all live together as neighbors and should try to live together as friends, it will be a pleasure to me at any time to give you the Catholic belief on points in which you or your readers may be interested as citizens.

Hoping to hear from you, beg to remain

Very truly yours, - - -- [Signed] Patrick Henry Callahan

46

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 1

Dear Mr. Charleston :

Your issue of Tuesday, November 18th, was very interesting, especially your editorial criticism.

Now that we are through with the elections and starting a New Year, it is my thought we could discuss with bene- fit that Ku Klux problem, which seems to be one of so much interest to you, judging from your paper, The Harrods- burg Democrat.

There can be no fault found with your defending the Ku Klux Klan by pointing out any virtues that you may feel the organization possesses, al- though as a Democrat we could consis- tently offer many objections, but ob- serving that your weekly is published by the ' ' The Republican Publishing Company," it may be a non-partisan organ.

However, there can be well founded objection raised to the "interesting let- ter" which you likewise publish, ad- dressed by Pastor Rothwell of the Pres- byterian Church at Claremont, Miss., to the Rev. H. Y. Williams, Pastor Peoples Church of St. Paul, wherein the said Rothwell, admitting his; for- eign birth, questions at considerable length, but with no evidence, the allegi- ance of American Catholics to our gov- ernment.

While it may be none of my busi- ness, it would be interesting to know just what purpose you think is served by publishing such a communication, slandering a large element of our citi- zenship, some of whom came into this State 150 years ago, whose contribution to the traditions and the development of our commouAvealth is of considerable consequence.

Tt is said that you are only over from Scotland a few years, and you have evidently brought along the spirit of the sixteenth century, and are attempt • ing to plant in our State the seed of suspicion and distrust, to rouse up en- mities and hatreds where congeniality and co-operation have been so long cul- tivated.

But even though new to our country, you must be aware that as early as 1775 William Coomes and his wife, and Dr.

Hart, all three Catholics, were leading citizens of your own town, which was then called Harrodstown. Dr. Hart was the first physician in our State and Mrs. Coomes conducted the first school opened in Kentucky. N. S. Shaler a Kentuckian, Professor at Harvard Uni- versity, in his History of Kentucky, published in 1884, said:

"The Roman Catholics were repre- sented among the very first settlers in Kentucky. Dr. Hart and William Coomes, who settled at Harrods Station in 1775, the one a physician, and the wife of the other a school teacher, were l)Oth Maryland Catholics; so, as Collins remarks, 'the first practicing physician and the first teacher in Kentucky were Roman Catholics.' They were both valiant and valuable men. They were followed by many other families who

. . were a most important contribu- tion to the blood of Kentucky."

Robert Abell, a Catholic, was a mem- ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1799. Captain James Rudd, a Catholic, Avas a delegate from Louisville to the Constitutional Convention of 1849. Captain Rudd 's title was earned in the war of 1812. The other delegate repre- senting Louisville in that Convention was William Preston, who was educated by the Jesuits at St. Joseph's College, l>ardstown, whose daughter became a Catholic. Captain Rudd also repre- sented Louisville in the Legislature in ] 831 and 1840. At one time he and his brother. Dr. Christopher Rudd, of Washington County, and his brother Major Richard Rudd, of Nelson Coun- ty, who also earned his title in the war of 1812, W'Cre members of the Legisla- ture. Another Catholic delegate in the Constitutional Convention of 1849 was Charles Cooper Kelly of Washington ( 'ount}". In the Constitutional Conven- tion of 1890 were three Catholics, Edward Emmett Kirwin, Ignatius A. Spalding, Jr., and Edward J. McDermott, Lieutenant Governor inider McCrearj^

Among other distinguished Catholics who have contributed to the growth of our State are Judge James O'Hara, Jr., of Covington, whose father was

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

47

born in Ireland, whose brother Kane O'Hara was a teacher of rare abilit.y, General Zachary Taylor having been one of his pupils, whose cousin, Theodore O'Hara, the soldier poet, wrote ' * The Bivouac of the Dead. ' " Judge 0 'Hara was one time partner of John G. Carlisle^ and later partner of John W. Stephenson, who had been Governor of Kentucky and was then United States Senator. James William Bryan of Covington, Lieutenant Gov- ernor w^hen General Simon Bolliver Buckner was Governor, was a Catholic, born of Irish parents. Judge William E. Russell, elected Circuit Judge of Lebanon in 1886, was a Catho- lic, a convert. Judge John E. Newman, elected Circuit Judge of Nelson in 1862, afterwards law part- ner of John M. Harlan who became Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, was a Catholic. Judge Newman published book, "Pleading and Practice," said by lawyers to be the best book ever written by a Ken- tucky lawyer.

Here in Kentucky the Honorable Ben Johnson, a Catholic, has been represent- ing his district longer than any other congressman, having been elected at ten consecutive elections, and Avill soon have served twenty years in Congress. The Fourth Congressional District con- sists of thirteen counties, only three of which have a large percentage (approx- imately 40 % ) of Catholics ; the other ten counties will not average 5 % , while a couple of them have no Catholics at all. The public life and activities of Congressman Johnson are ver}^ well known and publicly recorded in the Congressional Record, and it must be plainly obvious that the voters in the District, with twenty years experience, have no question in their minds as to the allegiance of their Congressman to the country or to their interests regard- less of their religious beliefs.

Whether your weekly is Democratic or Republican, it is misrepresenting the spirit of Kentucky and its motto, "United we stand — Divided we fall," to say nothing of slandering your neighbor.

Wishing you a Happy New Year, beg to remain. Yours very truly,

[Signed] P. H. Callahan

The Missions in! the Little Sunda Islands

We are indebted to our old friend. Father Fr. De Lange, S. V. D., for a copy of the very interesting annual re- port on the state of the missions in the Little Sunda Islands, Endeh, Flores and the Dutch East Indies, by the Rt. Rev. A. Yerstraelen, D. D., S. V. D. Yicar Apostolic. Father De Lange used to be stationed at Techny, 111., and hi now on a visit in the U. S. to collect for these missions. The report shows that the field in which he and his brethren are laboring is one of great promise. There have been 12,176 bap- tisms during the past year, so that the vicariate now numbers 78,000 Chris- tiaiis, whose fervor maj^ be guaged by the number of confessions and com- munions, which was 275,471 and 905,- 367, respectively, during the twelve- montli. These figures show the attitude of the native pagans towards the Catho- lic faith and reveal the genuinely Chris- tian spirit of the converts. What is mainly needed in these islands to con- vert the remaining 500,000 pagans is catechists, and when one is told that $60 will support a catechist for one year, and a burse of $1,000 ifi per- peiuuin, one cannot help thinking that a serious effort on the part of the American Catholics, who are so richly blessed in comparison with the poor people of these islands, would make the whole of the Little Sunda Islands Catholic.

Catholic Missions for January, by the way, contains an article by Fr. De Lange on the Little Sunda missions. His description of the hardships which the missionaries have to undergo in this damp tropical climate is graphic and touching. The strongest constitu- tions are undermined in a few years. Four of the S. Y. D. Fathers have al- ready succumbed, and eleven are ilL Fr. De Lange 's present address is St. Mary's Mission House, Techny, 111.

48

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 1

Radio in the Service of Religion

On New Year's eve I heard the Rev. W. G. Voliva, of Zion City, 111., say over the radio that "the end" (I sup- pose he meant the millennium) "vvould come before 1935, if I understood him correctly. He said he had been at the head of the "Christian, Catholic Apos- tolic Church" (sic!) for nineteen years. After his sermon (which was rather stentorian and rambling) the congrega- tion was invited to pass around the "barrel" for the "sacrificial offer- ings." The services lasted nritil 3 A. M.

The "sacrificial offerings" were ' ' only ' ' $44,000, and the preacher gave his flock "Hail Columbia" the next Sunday because it was not $50,000, as he wanted that much for a new radio station! to spread the "gospel." He also forbade his flock to eat oysters, "for they were not made by God to be eaten. ' ' Talk about the ' ' tyranny of the Church ! ' ' He claims that he col- lected $25,000,000 in the 19 years of his pastorate and paid $10,000,000 for wages during that time.

So much for Yoliva and his activities. I have been thinking many times that we Catholics ought to use the radio to spread Catholic doctrine. All kinds of heresy are being spread by this means, why not the truth? There was a fine article on the subject in the OJiio Waisenfreund of Dec. 31, p. 414. I suggested the matter to Our Sunday Visitor, but without effect.

(Rev.) James Walcher

[A New York despatch of recent date says that the Paulist Fathers have com- pleted plans for the installation of a powerful radio broadcasting station in their main building in West Fifty- ninth Street, "for the purpose of ac- quainting the public with the Catholic viewpoint upon current affairs." The station will be known as WPL. On com- pletion of WPL, to be installed as a 100- watt station by the Western Electric Co. at a cost of approximately $38,000, the Paulist Fathers plan to erect simi- lar stations at their missions in Chicago and San Francisco. WPL will broad-

cast on a wave length of 405 meters. Unfortunately, as Arthur Brisbane says, there will probably be more tu- ning-in for jazz music than for religioiis exhortations. — Editor] .

The Sacrificial Idea in the Mass

Msgr. Alexander MacDonald, until lately Bishop of Victoria, B, C, has published a book on "The Sacrifice of the Mass in the Light of Scripture and Tradition" (Herder), in which he en- deavors to ' ' remove the question of the sacrificial idea in the Mass from the realm of theological speculation to the solid ground of Scripture and tradi- tion." He holds that the essence of the Sacrifice of the Mass consists in the immolation on Mount Calvary, with which, as we know by faith, the Mass is one.

The thesis of the book is succinctly stated by Archbishop Lepicier in his Introductory Letter : " .... as our Lord offered Himself to the Father in view of the Bloody Sacrifice which was soon to follow, and particularly in view of the Eucharistic Sacrifice which was to be offered up by priests to the end of time, so the Last Supper was the Sacrifice of the Cross as begun, the Immolation on Calvary was the same Sacrifice consummated, and the Mass is now the Sacrifice of the Cross as continued and applied to us."

It is difficult to see how this teaching can be reconciled with that of St. Thomas and the Council of Trent (cfr. Prior Vincent McNabb's criticism in Blackfriars, V. 50) ; but there can be no question that Msgr. MacDonald 's book forms a noteworthy contribution to the clearing up of an obscure sub- ject and has the additional value of being a useful introduction to Fr. M. de la Taille's "Mysterium Fidei," though it is but right to add that Dr. MacDonald set forth the opinion now so ably championed by the French Jesuit twenty years before the latter 's monumental work appeared.

Great thoughts, says Bishop Spalding, are so rare that one is enough to make its creator famous.

1925

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

C:T!1

Oin THFOI

^•5 ■ ■

49

Ridiculing Lodgery

In a recent syndicated article the famous humorist George Ade describes the "Joiner." This man "was the G. K. of one Benevolent Order and the Worshipful High Guy of something else and the Senior AVarden of the Sons of Patoosh, and a lot more that his wife couldn't keep track of."

Mr. Ade sketches the type as follows :

"He believed that anything done in a secretive and mysterious manner thereby became Important. It made him happy to know that he was the Custodian of Inside Stuff, which would never be dividged to one who had not taken the Oath. He carried at least 20 Kituals in his Head, and his Hands were all twisted out of Shape from giving so many different Grips. ' '

The Masonic lodge, the Knights Templars, and Shrine, are referred to in the following:

"Night after Night he was off to a Hall up a Dark Stairway to lead some Unfortunate into the Blue Lodge or the Commandery or else over the Hot Sands. If he had not spent all his money going to Conclaves and Grand Lodge Meetings, he paid Dues and As- sessments and bought Uniforms."

His wife complained that she could use on groceries some of the money he was spending on velvet regalia and emblematic watch-charms, but he con- soled her with the insurance money she and the children would get from those organizations, and continued to revel in uniforms and paraphernalia.

"He had one Suit in Particular, with Frogs and Cords and Gold Braid strung around over the Front of it, and then a Helmet with about a Bushel of Red Feathers. When he got into this Rig and strapped on his Jeweled Sword, he wouldn't have traded places with John Pershing,"

Ade continues his bantering by de- scribing the lodge-man as follows :

"The real Joiner loves to sit up on an elevated Throne, wearing a Bib and holding a dinky Gavel and administer- ing a blistering Oath to the Wanderer who seeks the Privilege of helping to pay the Rent. To a Man who does not

cut very many Lemons around his own

House, and where they are on to him, it is a great Satisfaction to get up in a Lodge Hall and put on a lot of Cere- monial Dog and have the Members kneel in front of him and Salute him as the Exalted Sir Knight. You take a Man who is plugging along on a Salary, and who has to answer the Phone and wrap up Tea all Day, and let him go out at Night and be a High and Mighty Gazookus, and it helps him to feel that he isn't such a Nine-Spot after aU."

Thoughtful people everywhere are awakening to the sham and emptiness of secretism and learning to look upon lodgery — outside of Freemasonry — as more or less a joke. What a pity that Catholics, after avoiding this humbug for generations, should have adopted not a few of its silliest features at a time when the "jiners" were already beginning to become an object of ridi- cule to straight-forward, honest Ameri- cans!

Joseph Otten

Unusual honors were paid to Mr. Joseph Otten, of Pittsburgh, recently, on the occapion of his twenty-fifth anni- versary^ as choir director of the Cathe- dral. When Mr. Otten attended the 6 :30 mass, the full choir sang, and in the evening a banquet was tendered to him at the Pittsburgh Athletic Associ- ation.

Among the many well-deserved tributes paid to Mr. Otten was this by Bishop Boyle: "Not only have his standards been high and exacting? in an artistic way, but he has been keen to see to it that the law and liturgy of the Church should be ob- served in all the matters that came within his province. This was no easy task. It involved setting his face stern- ly against practices that had commend- ed themselves to the people of the City over a long term of years; practices that were reprehensible, both because they involved in some instances pander- ing to deplorable taste, and in many in- stances, disobedience to the liturgy of

5372

50

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

February 1

the Church, and to the Church's law as it concerns music. He could not be less forceful in his opposition to these things, if he were to make any headwa}' against them. It is because he faced these difficulties, and faced them down, that great credit is due him."

And this from Archbishop Canevin, formerly Bishop of Pittsburgh: '* 'Honor to whom honor is due.' Mr, Otten is worthy of great praise and honor for the work that he has done and for the edifying example of Christian virtue which he has given to all."

Before going to Pittsburgh, Mr. Otten was for 20 years choir director of St. Francis Xavier's Church in St. Louis and director of the famous Choral Symphony Society. His hymnal is in use in all parts of the country. For over a quarter of a century he has been a staff contributor, mostly on musical topics, to the F. R., and the Editor joins his many friends in congratulat- ing Mr. Otten upon his brilliant suc- cess in his chosen field of endeavor and cherishes the hope that he may long continue to serve the Catholic cause both as a choir director and a music critic.

A Wicked Propaganda

Under this heading the Month (No. 725) says:

The plague of birth-control, artifi- cially stimulated by earnest but woe- fully-misguided men and women, con- tinues to spread. Our readers will be shocked and disgusted to hear that, in the current number of Nature, a popular scientific journal of long stand- ing and good repute, the practice of contraception is actually defended, in the course of a review of a book rec- ommending it. The usual wholly- inadequate, often-exploded grounds of justification are advanced, viz., "Apart from war, famine and the like, no means, save contraception, of fleeing from the wrath to come can be thought of." The wrath to come, in the eyes of the reviewer, is the old bogey of over-population. When one thinks that there is ample room on this planet, given the normal physiological rate of

unfettered increase — about five or six in a family — for the growth of pop- ulation during centuries to come, it seems strange that an immoral practice should be urged upon us now as a safeguard against a very remote and largely hypothetical danger. The re- viewer's other reason is even less logi- cal — "Contraception [he says], whether right or wrong, has come to stay." That means, once an evil has become widespread, nothing should be done to stop it. AVould the reviewer be prepared to notice favorably an- other evil practice which, just in the same sense, has "come to stay," viz., abortion! Logically, he should.

Although many non-Catholics con- demn the practice, there is often a note of uncertainty about their attitude, a disposition to admit the claims of "hard cases" to allow the entrance of the thin end of the wedge. Only the Catholic Church proclaims, in all cir- cumstances— "Thou shalt not."

An interesting fiction is laid to rest by Dr. Arthur Shadwell in a letter to the London Times (No. 43,830). Desir- ing to test the statement that Karl Marx had been educated at a Jesuit school, from which he was expelled, Dr. Shadwell says that he traced out the exact facts. It seems that Marx attend- ed a school in Treves known officially as the King Frederick William College, and was expelled for misconduct. It was not a Jesuit school, and could not have been, as the Jesuits had been ex- pelled long before that time. But the buildings were those of the former Jesuit school, and are still locally call- ed by that name. Thus it is true that Marx was expelled from "the Jesuit School," but not from a Jesuit school. The Jesuits did not return to Treves until 1856. This freak of nomencla- ture is not at all uncommon in coun- tries from which the Jesuits were ex- pelled, and the " Jesuitenkirche " is still a common feature of towns where there are — officially or actually — no Jesuits.

Resignation is placing God between ourselves and