1'fPi.pSi'W^^^^^ ^*'''''''"! I™*?;! r^i^^ 11 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: OOlVTACfllPS THE PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES / OF TEM \ > ^ FORTY- SEVENTH CONGRESS. SECOND SESSION, ^ VOLUME x:rv. ^ ^ WASHINGTOH: eOVZBSUENT PRINTINO OFFIGI. 1882. |iap^ff;|' ( VOLUME XIV, PABT IIL /V CONGEESSIONAL EECOED, > FOKTY- SEVENTH CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION. n 1883. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— HOUSE. 2017 / It b — fxttot AiB J«iB* iMohrtton be pawed so m to aaUxwise the mnoral oTmmm of tike i—twriBl Mr. HASKELL. WIE it k^ to any dAnte? Mr. 8PBIMOER. NoiMalaU. Mr. WAftgv.T.T. On tliel atatwimt I wiU yield. xnfovAL or MATBKiAL fvoic ooTXBnaorT pxiKTnro omcM. Tte SPEAKER. The Joint x«nlatioB wiU be read. The jaiat reaolatiom waa read, aa Mlowa: A joint flMolitftoB (S. in) ■alteililin tke PabUo Printer to r«BOTe oortnin mnlerielftqaitliaOonffawMi Printing itwrfrwl, 4te., That Uw PiiMto Pilatii ba. — d W !■ Ww ., iattliwilkftq— tha (111 waiMl PiJallaa Oflto> ao mnohoT Oallad «a«M In Um apMr itoriw tteraof •■ atMai, in his . MiSaPaitHe Prlatar ka, aikl ha to bveby, aaOMtiaai M« required te atorecv room •■ imm- M^d bondina m prmciiuibte for the t gf the property of the Ooremment ao to be removed from said "eadlbe earn of lS,flOO or eomuA thereof eeahfcU be imiiiryie hereby Itorthe , dliaatndto remore IbapnniU of the oBiAMMkd la tha V The SPEAKER. Is than oUadten to oonsidering at this time the Joint reaolntion which haa Jnal baas raid t Mr. HOLMAN. I Bsoat d^faet to ttat joint laaBtalian. Mr. VAN HORN. I do not think the genUeman win oh^act if he win kaar an explanation. Mr. RANDALL. I elject to any intermption of the boaineM now batea the House. Tha SPEAKER. CH^ectioo bting made, the joint reaolntkm ia not ba*M the Honaa. Some time anbaeqnoitly, Mr. VAN HORN aaked nnanimons consent for the preaent coosider- naolvtion. t; and the joint reaolntion waa accordingly •takan tnm the Bfmkxr'B table, read three sereral times, and paaaed. TAniTF. Ifr. HASKELL. I nov mora thai the House icaqlve itself into Oom- mittss or the Whole for the ftuther esMldachtian ofihe tariff biU. Pend- I moTetlutt all debate npon the pending paragr^h and ita ttiereto be limited to five minntea. Mr. TOWNSHEND, of Dlinoia Say ten minutea; I desire to be heard npon it biicAy. Mr. HASKELL. Veiy well; I will say ten minntea. The ■K>tion to limit debate waa tiben agreed to. The motioQ fd Mr. HanKKU. to fo into Committee of the Whole waa sigreed ta The Hewe awwidlfli rsnired itMlf into Committee of the Whole, Mr. BnsBOwa, efMirtiigsn, in the eteir. The CHAIRMAN. Bj order of the Hoose aU debate npon the pend- ing paragrMth and amendments thereto is limited to ten minutes. lb-. TOWNSHEND, of Dlinos. If I nndeistood the gentleman from ysnass [Mr. HAskkll] conectliy the other day, he stated that when we shooJd reach the proper iteas in regard tonatoral minemlwatenthe OMiBiMae <m Waija aad Msaaa waa willing that all twttles containing ■Mlual mineaal walsM aj^it be admitted free of duty. Am I oorreet in that? Mr. HASKELL. No. We dcairs to admit mineral wateta free lind tainpoee a dn^ iinp^ ea the hcHies containing the waten. Ui. TOWNSHEND, of HUnois. Then I offer an amendment The CHAIRMAN. Two amfsidatfints era naw pending Mr. TOWNSHEND, of nUaoia. llian I awfre to strike ont the last wwd te Ike pwpose of saying tha* Iks other dtj we voted to admit flee ef doty hetths containing arttidal MinanJ walsBS. Mr. KASSON. No; natmal miasnl waten free. TOWNSHEND, of Dlinaie. Did we not vote to admit bottlea artiftcial minenl wnlsai free? KASSON. We pnt a dutr of 2 cents a bottle on them. TOWNSHEND. of Illinoie. I deeire to more an amendment flee aU bottlea eontaining natural min«rml water, which doea in competition with American labor. BATNE. Tea, it doea. TOWNSHEND, of Illinois. Yon can not bring in the mineral without bringing the bottlea. BATNE. But yon ean nee the bottles afterward. TOWNSHEND, of niinoia. I nndentand they are not after- ward need. Mr. BAYNE. Tea, ihm^ are. Mr. TOWNSHEND, of niinote. I holdinmyhandadrenlarwhich reaUy corcn this whole question, and I aak the Clerk to read the por- I httw marked. The Cleik read as follows: Mr. Mr. Mr. not Mr Mr. Mr. Mr. The doty of IB par eoetofbottlee «f •4 vmlorem on bottlce oonlaininc natnnl ttoari botUee and • oente for pint ootUee. mieii l» M.8 oente per doaen. I lanpotted ezpreeriy es XIV 137 Nodnlvui enlhe etna hi the.. BMuafhat the daky le ao hi«h a* lo 4 Mr. TOWNSHEND. of niiaoia, Thisitemreteleitoatnxon^ Water bT the AlmightV waa made free, and it Btrikes me aa I to intetfors witt the lawa of mtoxe by nadertakinc to pot a tax en natnal wataEBL If, under this bill, we are to hare BO opportnai^ to flitaqyofdkcr kind of drink free, it atrikes rae that we riinud be aoewea to haTe that flea which natnre haa proTidnd withont the aid ef man. [Here the hammer felL] Mr. LORD. I daibe to ask the Chair what particular jwiMHtMi ia now pending; whether Hie not the eahelftote which I aftiad a l^mt>> menta ay for the amwaitment «t the gnntlsman flma Wiseonste Obt. GunrniSB] to lednee the rate of doty from licsntitolesnipsrpMad on bottles? The CHAIRMAN. Tlisl Is iim iifthn amiinftiniiiili fimflli^ Mr. LORD. What is the pcvpositiett npon whidi the vote ie aesthi order? The CHAIRMAN. The first qnettion is npon the ( gentleman from Michigan [Mr. Losol. whidi will be The Clerk read the amendment, aa ImIowb: In Una BBS of tha peadtaa porMianh. aMka «■! ** 1 1 " 1 » befoee the wai<d**aM2,*^ the a^ per poMd oa Mr. HASKELL. I hope thai tha amendment ol* the ( Michigan [Mr. Lord] will be adoptad and a i The CHAIRMAN. The ten; tioo have not expired, liiil if ns flirthwr dnhata hs dmiiiiil ths fhali afll take the Toie. Mr. TUCKER. I rise to a patTlamsntsiy iyiiy. latbarei fore the committee more than one aaMBdmeBl? The CHAIRMAN. InaddJUsn tetheiwdmwitetf thagMttsimn from Michigan which heajnet bean reed there is aaamandmsntaflhsed by the genUenian fitnn Wiscooain [Mr. GomrrHxa], which the Gtek will read. The Clerk read aa foUowe: In line ns atrike o«t the < aert " Sper oent. ed ' Mr. SPRINGER. That ia right Mr. TUCKER. Would it be inoWerformateoflhrafturtheramipd ment? The CHAIRMAN. Not at the prmsnt tiasa. Mr. CARLISLE. As I iiiiilislaiiil, tiw aoMttimenleAnd by thi^ gentleman from iifi«*«g^ [Mr. Lord] is a substitute for the one nF^ fered by the gentleama ftem Wieoonain. Mr. KASSON. I siMg|1llisl IhiiamisMle I of thsisntlsman ftos Michigan [Mr. Lobd] isto perfect the text, and if it he adeptsd thma can still be a vote on insertiag ' ' 35 per cent. ' ' Mr. CARLISLE. W^e want to undenrtand that Mr. TUCKER Bat I would like to hawe a vole on a lower rate tt specific dnty if the ad valorem mte ie nei adopted. Mr. TOWNSHEND, of lUinoia. Let ns Tote on the ad TahMem mla now. The CHAIRMAN. The question isflrst upon fh« smandmmt cf the gentleman from MiftrifMi Mr. BAYNE. Tlmft k «0 make tte 4a<7 1 eeni per paaad. Mr. ANDERSON. IrimtoapaiHamantary inquiry. If the of the gentleman Aem MisWpm to ftx tha rate at 1 osnt par ] adopted, will it then he hs ordsr to move to amsnd to rtrika • words and iiwert " 30 or 35 par osnt ad talwseiT" The CHAIRMAN. The Chair thiaha kh ekariy. Mr. TUCKER. If the amendment of the gentleman from MinJiipw should be adopted, woold it than be in order for BM to more to I by redndng the apecific rotof TheCHAIRMAN. The Chair will decide that point ^ tion is reeched. -^sMr. TUCKER. Is it in ordo- for me aew to offor aa < the amendment of the gentleman from WhwoaniBf The CHAIRMAN. Not at this tiam. Tlie _ amend the substitote proposed by ths gantleman flt» Mliihipn Mr. TUCKER. I move to strike out " 1 oent" ia the i ' andhMert ''three-foorthsof aesot" Mr. KASSON. I aak the pHliwii to let the valiba i the auMindment of the gentleman from Mirhigan, wUcfo maij i out three words. The gentlsmsn can afterward move to dmace the remaining words. Mr. TUCKER. Mr. KASSON. Mr. TUCKER, fima MicUcm in want to be prsdt Mr. HASKELL, out Mz. TUCKER, nisn I withdww ngr < The question b^qg taksn on the "to. tbeqnm. I want to have that opportnnify. The gentlemaa win have it I will vote Ibr the amendaMnt of the _ to the rate fixed in the bill; but I do as* (kom vofeiag in a lower nrte. AU yon will Ito9e to do win be to BMve to Mrika LoBD, it waa '.*iSit'*''' ,ip»«g^^ 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— HOUSE. Febbuaby 2r The qncataon then recmred on tbe ama^ment of Mr. Ouxstthkr, irbieh was lead, as follows: In IhMjBMitoiW out thaworda" It cent per pound" and inMit " 35 per oent Mr. WAHITFTJ^ I hope this will be voted down. Tlie question being taken OD the amendment of Mr. Guekthkr, there were — ayes 81, noes 78. Mr. WAaggT.T. I call for tellers. a Mr. HATCH. I hapt the gentleman will not delay the passage of th«* bill by calling for tellers on so small a matter. I trust he will withdraw his call. The CHAIBMAN. Debate is not in order. TeUflis were ordered; and Mr. Haskctj. and Mr. GUEXTHEB were appmnted. The committee again divided ; and tellers reported — ayes 91 , noes 71 . [Applaose.] So the amendment was agreed to. Mr. TOWN8HEND,. of Illinois. I move to amend by inserting at the end of the paragraph the following: Provided, That no duty sball be paid on such botUea coataining natural min- etalwateis. The amendment was not agree«[ to, there being — ayes 40, noes 71. Mr. HASKELL. I feel deeply the impot^ance of fixing a specific rate upon these articles. I know that it is best for the interests of all pMtfes concerned. I therefore move to change the rate from 35 per oent, as agreed upon in the last vote, and insert ''three-foorths of'l cent per ponnd." This is fully as low a rate, but it in specific; it is easy to administer; it is in the interest of the roannfactnrer and the uoosamer. Mr. SPRINGER. I make a point of order on that amendment. Mr. FIX)WER. I desire to inqoire of the gentleman from Kansas whether the various articles embraced in this paragraph, including the mofaMses jars of the farmer as well as fruit jars; lager-beer bottles, and TJals used in medicine, can no^ be classified? Mr. HASKELL. It is to pat them in together. The specific rate I have aamed is not higher than the ad valorem rate. Mr. CARLISLE. The ad valorem rate adopted by the committee actt m ■ rlanrrifirntinn; that is to say, it imposes the same duty, but the specific rate, as proposed by the gentfeman from Kansas, wonld put the low rate of duty on vials and the higher rate of duty on lower grades of glass. * Mr. H.'&KELL. I do it because the custom-house and the Treasury Department and- the commission and everybody have pleaded with us to msJce spedflc rates in this place because of fraud perpetrated in the im- portation of these articles. I ask for it in the interest of good law and good government. Mr. SPRINGER. I rise to a question of ord«s-. The CHAIRM.\N. Tbe gentleman will state it. Mr. SPRINGER. I mmle the point of order agaim<t this amendment that it is not now in order, the committee having already stricken out tbe words " one and a half cents per pound," as it Ls found in the bill, Bud inserted 35 per cent, ad valorem. Now the gentleman proposes to strike oat the words the committee have ia^rted and to insert ''three- quarters of 1 cent per pound." Tbe CHAIRMAN. The Chair will hear the )ront)eman from Kansas on his point of order. Mr. KASSON. May I iisk the gentleman from Illinois a question? Mr. SPRINGER. Certamly. Mr. KASSON. I have voted for this reduction. I want to keep it aboat where it is. I believe threo-quurters of 1 cent is in the interest «f theadminLstration of the law a little safer and tbere is no perceptible iacriiaBC of price. I ask the gentleman from Illinois, therefore, to waive his point of order. Mr. SPRINGER. I can not waive my point of order ais I believe that ad valorem duty is the best daty to impose. Mr. KASSON. We are in the diflSculty of having articles brought in at an estimated low valuation without any real sale. I think it is for the general interest the duty should be imposed as stated at ' ' three- quarters of 1 cent per pound." The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? Mr. MILLS. Yes; I object Mr. C.\RLI8LE. This is a proposition to strike out the identical language which the committee has inserted. ^Ir. H.VSKELL. I move to strike out the words iaserted, and the rest of the paragraph, and to reinsert it with the words ' ' three-fourths of one cent per pound," which isa legitimate amendment. Imakethikt ■otion, and I understand it is a i-alid motion to make. I make it be- CMHB it was agreed on the other side and I agreed to interpoay no points of otder on amendment<«. and we should take as many ^ftjras th<y wanted. I make my motion technicallv under the rulBIP^'^ Mr. SPRINGER. I make my point of order. The CHAI R.MAN. The gentleman from Kansas will please state exactly the amendment which he now submits. . Mr. H.\SKELL. I move, inline 526, after the word "act," tostftke oat all that follows in the pan^aph and to insert " thrce-foarths of a oent per pound. " Mr. KASSON. Yes, there is another change to be proponed. Tbe CHAIRMAN. The Chair does not understand what the gentle- man means. What docs the gentleman ptx>pose to strike out ? Mr. HASKELL. So as to read : And not specially ruuiiieratcd or prov»«le<l for in thin a<-t thret'-fourtlw of a cent a poun«f; if flll*^. and not otherwiiir in thin at-t provi»lrd for. naid artidea •hall pay on their weight. Ac Mr. K.\8SON. I call attention to the fa«t of the further change, in line 529, of three-fourths of 1 cent per jioand, so as to make it i-ouform to the amendment alresulv proponed by striking out '1 «vnt per pouml ' ' and insertinjj "• thn«- fourths of 1 cent jier iwund.'" The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will nport the propuHeil unieiMlment. The Clerk read as follows: strike ont " ."» per cent, ad valorem : if niUsl, and no* otUerwinr provided for iu thia act, nald «rticU-« "hall pay «>!• their wci'^lit, extlimive of f-ontont:*, U cenU per pound in a<l<liti<>ti to tin- duly on tl»e «-oiit«-nt-»," i.nd in livu tlivnv.f to inneri "three-fourtU» of 1 i-ent per pound ; if tilled, un<i not olherwiiH' provided for in this act," *C. Mr. BL.\CKBURN. 1 wish to si\y a wonl in nfennce to the point of order. If the amendment propowed by the gentleman from Illinois is not stistained it is perfectly evident tliat any onefl|^thc remaining pages of this bill will be amply sofiicient to consumd^pe time from thia to the 4th of March. It is a movement in a circle. The committee baa had the question submitted on this very para>rraph as to, whether it would have atl valorem or specitic duty. The gentleman from Kansas, on his own motion, raued this committee and went into the Hoo.se and limited debate on this paragraph and the amendments thereto to ten minutes, and ke cixnie l)ack to the committee and exhausted those ten minutes. The committee passed upon the question as the amendment was of- fered, and refused to touch specific duties and adopted the ad valorem. They pertected the ptiragraph, and the gentleman from Kansas now' seeks to stimd upon w h.it he thinks or chooser to term is a technical right under the rule and undo that work by his amendment. I may be per- mitted To say that un«ler the rule he has no right at all now to undo the work the committee has just this moment perfected. .\nd I repeat, if you can do it here there i;* no limit to the number of amendments that can be offfred in violation of the rule; and one single, solitary page of thlstariff bill will be suflicient to occupy the time of this Hotise from now until the 4th of March. The point of order of the gentleman from Illinois, as I think will be , so decided by the Chair, is clearly well taken; and the very logic of the situatioik shows that we are bound to olwerve the rules, for this point of order wiir have to be sustained if we are to have the hope of ever rttK-h- ing a finality upon a single paragraph even of the pending bill. Mr. H^VSKELL. The point of order is too silly to waste time in dis- cussing, and I will therefore submit it to the judgment of the Chair without argument. The CIL\IRMAN. The Chair is ready to decide the point of order. Mr. SPRINGER. In >iew of the remark made by the gentlenum from Kansas, I hope I may be permitted to say a single word upon the point of order I have made. It is very easy for the gentleman to get up here to brush aside a point of order and remove it as an obstacle in his path by saying that it is too silly to waste the time of the House in ar- gument upon. Now. what is the gentleman's proposition ? It is simply to undo what the committee has ju.st done, as the gentleman from Ken- tucky has said; and if tbe Chair entertains a motion of that kind, by ruling the amendment in order, then there is no limit whatever to the proceedings of this House; because as soon as this amendment is put in on this motion I or any other gentlenmn can move to strike that oat and put in something else, and in turn that can be struck out and something new added until we return to the ad valorem system again. Therefore, as the gentleman from Kentucky well says, the proceeding of the committee is simply a proceeding in a circle, and we can never get to the end of it or reach a oonclofriMi en the bill. But the gentleman from TTiitihm prapoMS to strike out more words than were put in. Still he only proposes to reinsert them again so as to make his amendment, as he chums, technically within the rule. The only effect of the amendment is to strike out the "35 per cent, ad valo- rem," which the committee, on a vote by tellers, inserted after a fall knowledge of all of the facts, and insert ' ' three-fourths of 1 cent " m a specific dutv upon these articles. Mr. HASKELL. I wQl call the attention of the Chair to what has been done in the committee. I want to make no argtimcnt on the point of order. It is too simple. In line 526 certain words were inserted. I move to go back and after the word "act " to strike out everything else in the paragraph down to and including line 530, a motion which I have a perfect right under all porliamentarv' rules to make. Now, I propose to reinsert in lien of the words put in " three- fourths of 1 cent i)er pound," that is in place of the words put in by the committee, and I come down to lines 538 and 529, in which I make a radical change, a change touch- ing another rate, so that the entire harmony of the paragraph is pre- served. I strike out what has been inserted by the committee with the remainder of the paragraph and insert a different rate with a radi- cal change in the remainder of the paragraph. It is an entirely new and snbstantive proposition. 1883. CONGRESSIONAL BtECORD— HOUSE. X 2019 Mr. BLACKBURN. I desire to say, Mr. Chairman, a single woid in rMpooae to the gentlenum from Kaoaaa. I have often listened with great pleasure, but seldom with any degree of instruction derived, to tbegentleman from Kansas when he has delivered lectures here, courte- ous and lengthy, both on the subject of parliamentary law and on the revenue system of this country. But I must confess that I Lave heaid fh)m him this afternoon upon this pointof order, oouched now in a single terse sentence^ better and fuller evidences of his information as a par- liamentarian than I have ever heard fVom him before. Mr. HASKELL. That is good. Mr. BLACKBURN. When tbe point of order was made upon his proposed amendment and argued by several gentlemen on both sides the answer of the gentleman was that it was too silly to comnmnd the attention of the House when in the consideration of important legisla- tion. That is indisputable, ^Ir. Chairman. I hope the gentleman who made the point of order will be able to stand the withering sarcasm and criti- cism that comes from Kansas. But it is also imHspu table that this com- mittee perfected that paragraph and pat something in it that the gen- tleman from Kansas moves to strike out. Now, under the rule I say you have no right nor have you the power to waste the time of this com- mittee in asking them to strike out of a paragraph the ver>' identical words that the committee on a count by tellers have just inserted. Mr. HASKELIa If yon had read Cashing or Jefferson's Manual you would have found that both of these authorities assert that you may strike out just what has been recently inserted, if it be coupled with anything or any other matter entirely different. Mr. BLACKBURN. I do not believe, with all due respectf that the gentleman from Kansas knows any more about either Cushing or Jef- lerson upon the subject of parliamentary law than he does about theology or tbe taxation of bottles and glass-ware under the proposed tariff". •Mr. S.MITH, of New York. I would like to inquire, Mr. Chairman if it is not about time that this word-battle should cease? Let us get on with the business. I like to hear both of these gentlemen talk. I love them both; but let as proceed with the public business. The CHAIRMAN. The committee has stricken out of the bill, in line 526, the words " 11 cents i)er pound, ' and in place of it have in- serted the words "35 per cent, ad valorem." Now, the gentleman Irom Kansas [Mr. Haskkix] moves to strike out what the committee insert«I, together with other portions of the paiagraph. That is clearly in order. For the rule provides though it is not in order to strike out by itself wltat may have been inserted, it is in order to strike out a por- t ion of the original paragraph, including what has been inserted. The (hair, therefore, thinks the motion to strikeout is clearly in order. Tlie gentleman from Kansas in addition to that moves to reinsert, in- « lading certain things w hich are not embraced in the original proposi- tion, namely, the insertion on lines 528 and 529 of the words " three- lourths of 1 cent per pound," instead of the words " 1 J cents per pound." The Chair is of opinion that that is clearly iu order and overrules the point of order. Mr. SPRINGER. The gentleman's amendment, then, embraces two distinct propositions, does it not ? The CHAIRMAN. Not necessarily, the Chair thinks. Mr. SPRINGER. Tl^eamendinent involves two propositions. Have Inot the right to demaira a division? The CHAIRMAN. Not upon a motion to strike out and insert Mr. MILLS. I desire to call the attention of the friends of the prop- osition which has just been voted into this bill to the deccitfulness of the proposition now made. [Cries of "Regular order!"] If you tjike a speafic duty and put it in the place of the ad valorem rate The CHAIRMAN. The Chair, in recognizing the gentleman from lexas [Mr. Mills], had forgotten that debate on this paragraph has been closed. The Chair must decline to recognize the gentleman fur- Mr. MILLS. Is debate on the whole paragraph finished^ The CHAIRMAN. It is. Mr. MILLS. Gentlonen have been talking for some time. Air. BAYNE. I offer as an amendment to tbe amendment of the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. Haskell] what I send to the desk The Clerk read as follows: strike out "three-fourthii of! cent per pound" and insert or 1 cent per pound." The question being taken on the amendment to the amendment, it was not agreed to. The question being taken on Mr. H.^skkll'k amemlment, there wc^^— ayea 74, noes 82. So the amendment was not agreed to. , '^''■•.^ARLISLE. I move to strike oat "IJ cents per pound, " in lines .>28 and 529, and to insert "35 per cent sd valorem/' This is simply to make that part of the paragraph conform to what the com- mittee has already done. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. HASKELL. I move that the committee do now riae The niotioa was agreed to. the Whole House on the state of the Uni<m had had under miw Uon the bill (H. R. 7313) to impoae duties upon foreign importe. and for other purposes, and had come to no rcaolntioa thereon. KXPSMSIB IN CONTBBTED-ELKCnON CASB. Mr. LYNCH, by unanimous consent, introduoed a bill (H. R. 7483) to provide for the payment of expeoaes incurred in certain ccmteated- election cases in previous Congresses; which was read a first and second time, referred to tJjeCommittee ^n Claims, and ordered to be printed. LXAVK or AB8EXCK. Mr. MlTTCHLKR, by unanimous consent, obtained leave of absence until Wednesday next, on aoooant of bnninwi OKDKH OP BrsismB. »Ir. BURROWS, of Alichigan. I move the House do now a^joom. The question being taken on the motion to adjourn, there were — area 51, noes 50. Mr. THOMPSON, of Kentucky. I call for teUeis. Tellers were ordered, 32 members voting therefor; more than OD»-fifth of a quortim. The SPEAKER. The Chair appoints as tellers the gentleman fttwn Michigan, Mr. BuSBOWg, and the gentleman from Kentacky. Mr. Thompson. The House again divided; and the tellers reported— ayes 68, noes SO. So the motion was agreed to; and accordingly (at 6 o'clock p. m. ) the House adjourned. ' 1 and. one-eighth PKTmOjrS, KTC. The followingpetitionsand papers were laid on the Clerk's dcak, under the rule, and reftned as follows: ^^ By Mr. BERRY: The joint resolutions adopted by the Legishitareof California urging an appropriation for the improvement of the naviga- tion of Napa River— to the Committee on Commerce. By Mr. DAVIDSON: The petition of F. J. Morcur and 54 others, cit- izens of Key West, Florida, praying that a li^t-ship may be statiooed on the outside of Cape Hatteras Shoak — to the same committee. By Mr. »L\CKEY: The petition of James W. Haywood, asking that an appropriation be made for extra services rendered as watchman in the Post-Office I%)artment — to the Committee on Appropriatiooa. By Mr. PETTIBONE: I'apcrs relating to the claim of Thomas J. Doyle and of W. A. Price— severally to the Committee on War Claima. By Mr. PRE8C0TT: Papers relating to the pension claim X>f Mary E. Hill — to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. REAGAN : "Shftjfetition of the faculty of the agticaltankl and mechanical colleges of Texas in fiivor of an agricultural experimental station in each State — to the Committee on ./^riculture. By Mr. Sl>AULDING: The petition of Mrs. Eliza I. Drake, for pension — to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. THOMAS: Tbe petition of dtiscns of ^tfassac Coanty, Illi- nois, praying that pensions be granted the survivors of tbe Mexican war — to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. URNER: The petition of the Maryland State Tempeiaaoe Alliance, protesting against the passage of the bill to extend the time for payment of the tax on whisky in bond — to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. WHITTHORNE: The petition of Sallie Gray, for relief— to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. WILLIS: Papers relating to the claim of Henry L. Pop»— to the same committee. The following petitions, praying that Congren will not adopt any lower rate of duties on foreign manufactured products than that rec- ommended by the Tariff Commission, were presented and ntemd to the Committee on Ways and Means: By Mr. ERRETT: Of 157 employ^ of Evermn, Macraw A Co., of IMttsburgb, Pennsylvania. By Mr.GODSHALK: Of 71 employes of Potts Brothers Iron Com- pany, of Pottstown, Penn8}'h-ania. By Mr. HARMER: Of workingmcn, employ<« of Manhall Bros. A X^., of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ^ By Mr. McKINLEY: Of 175 workingifeB;^ploy<» of Cwtwright, McCurdy & Co. ; and of James M. Hess and 12^x>thn8, wcn-ldngmeD of Columbiana County, Ohio. By Mr. URNER: Of John P. Widdle and 67 others, employed at Catoctin furnaces of Frederick Coanty, Slaryland. the The following petitions, remonstrating against the proposed transfier of the revenue marine to the "Savj Department, were presented and referred to the Committee on Commerce: By Mr. CR.VPO: Of keepers and Mlrfmen of the aeoond lifo-aaviqg district of the coast of MaHsacbusetts. i By Mr. HALL: Of the IxMud of trade of Portsmouth, and of thm crew of life-saving station No. 7, of New Hampshire. tC ^^^^2!!^*^^ ngn^ xo. By Mr. HARMER: Of 5.1 customs ofBceis of the- port of Philadal- -. ^<i?" » accordingly rose; and the Speaker ha^-ing resumed phia, and of the rt«olutions of the boaid of waidens of tbe port of «coaar, Mr. Burbows, of Michigan, reported that the Committee of J lliiladelpfaia, Pennsylvania. - • - ♦, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATE. Febbuaby 3, 1883. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATE. 2021 By Mr. CNEILX.: Of the Philadelphia Board of Trade. J^ Mr 800VILLE: Of the board 6f trade, and three other peti- fiiiB, si^Mid by merdumtB, ship-ownera, and othere, of BuflOilo, New T4vk By Mr. VAN V00RHI8: Of the keeper and crew of life-boat station S«L 4, of Charlotte, New York. ^^ Bj Mr. WATSON: Of tiie board of trade of Erie, PennBylyama. SENATE. . ' 8A.TUBDAY, February 3, 1883. The Senate met at 11 o'clock a. m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Ect. J. J, FULLOCK. D. D. a J ^ The Jonmal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. CKKDCrriAUB. ^ Mr. MAXEY. I have the pleasnie of presenting the credentials of ^ coUeagoe, Richard Ookk, Senator-elect from the State of Texas §K mx jtma from the 4th of March next I have great pleasure in pre renting the nnanimooa action of the Legislature of the State of Texas, •epreeenting the wishes of the people of that State. ~ The credentials were read, as follows: mmrrmo Statsb of Amsbica, ~^~^ Exacmra MAsraox, Auwns, Jamtafy 29, 1883. 9b th« Ptmidtmt «/ tk* amaU of M« OnttmiaaUt: I John Ireland, ■©▼emor of the State of TexM. do hereby certifV thiU the Lccislaturv of the State of Texas which was chosen next preceding the ^tn^T .cTMnrch A P. 1883, being the d»y for the expiration of time for which Hon. MUihaid Coke was elected to represent aaid Stale in the Senate of the United Sb^Tdld on the Mh day of January, A. D. 1883, meet and duly organlxe, and <1U on the aeoondTuewlay thereafter, it being the 23d day of January, A D. WM. ■rooeed to elect a Senator In Congress in the place of the said Hon. Richard ^ke In the following manner : Each house did by a vi«s «ss* wtf of each naem- ' ker pfeaent name Richard Coke for Senator in CongreasfWMoa said Stsje, and the ^kme of the mid Riehatd Coke, who had all of the vote* cast in each house,wa» -entered on the Jeumal of each house by the clerk and secretary of therespect^ H« bouses- ana that at 12 o'clock m. of the 24th day of January, AD. 1883, being » day following that on which the proceedings above act forth took place, the sbers of tbe two booses did convene in Joint assembly and the loumsl of ««Ba bouSB wss tbsn read, and it appearing to the joint assembly that Mid Richard Cbke raoeived sU the votes cast in each house, be was duly deoUred elected Sen- ator to reprsseot aaid State in the Congress of the United States for the term of Ix years next enauing after the Uh day of Msrofa, A. D. 1883. . ^ _ . In terttanony whereof I have beieunto set my hand and caused to be affixed ' > great seal of the State of Texas. . ^ , . _i »a»thecityof AuMin.this the »th day of January, m the year of our Lord ^ _jm| of the independence of the United Statee the one hundred and aeveath, I of the State of Tezaa the forty -aeventh. _ I ei we aumm, o. ic— , ^^^ IRELAKD, OoMreor o/ Ttant. 5LtuJ "**^*'°**'" ' JOeKPH W. BAHTES, *cr«tery o/fital*. li Mr. HOAR. I desire to call attention to the admirable and perfect form of this credential. I have observed that several credentials have been presented daring the past two weeks which seemed to me to be •^nite defective, Mid if any question had arisen of the election of the Sen- jitor the certificate which has come from the State would hardly make M prima facie case for the swearing in of the Senator. This credential, wwle very brief and dear, seems to be exactly what is needed for a per- Ihefc imu; and if my voice, as chairman of the Committee on Privil^^ and Elections of this body, could reach the certifying officers of the dif- ferent States I should hope they would establish the practice of conform- iam to this most excellent form. •Ir. MAXEY. I am very much gratified at the statement made by the chairman of the Committee on Privileges and Elections, and beg to SMT that the form of the credentials of my coUeagrie is the exact form which is adopted by the State of Texas and the precise form in h»e Vfria ■«f mine when I wm re-elected. I ask that the credentials be The PRESIDENT pro Un^pore. They will be plaeed on file. filed. cember 31, 1882; which was referred to the Committee on Patents, and ordered to be printed. i- n- * He also presented a communication from the Secretary of ^ar, trane- mitting a petition of Brevet MAJor-General Geoi^e W. G«tty, colonel of the Fourth ArtUlery, praying for the passage of an act authorizing his retirement October 2, 1883, with the rank pay, and emoluments of a general officer of the Army; which was referred to the Committal on MUitary Affiiira, and ordered to be printed. ^t^- *_ He also laid before the Senate a letter from the Secretary of War, trans- mitting, in compliance with J>ection 232 of the Revised Statutes, an ab- stract^f the militia force of the United States, organized and unorgan- ixed; which vras referred to the Committee on ^lilitary Affiure, and ordered to be printed. PETrriONS AND MEMORIAIA Mr ROLLINS presented resolutions of the Portsmouth (New Hamp- shire) Board of Trade, against the passage of a bUl to transfer the admin- istration of the revenue^tter service to the Navy Department, and acainst the passage of a bill to establish a bureau of mercantile manne inthe Navy Department; which were referred to the Committee on Commerce. . , ., Mr JONES, of Florida, presented a petition of underwntera, mer- chants, and masters of vessels engaged in the coasting trade of the United States, praying for the eetabUshroent of a light-ship station on the outside of Cape Hatter^s Shoals; which was referred to the Com- mittee on Commerce. „ . ,. o , /x«. *u Mr. SAWYER presented a petition of Eugene Smith and 105 other employ^ of the National Furnace Company, at Depere, Wisconsin, pAjing that no lower duties may be levied on iron and steel prodncto than are recommended by the Tariflf Commission; which was ordered to lie on the table. Mr OOCKRELL. I desire to present the memorial and resplutions of the Clayton GrauRe, 3068, of the county of Vernon, Missouri, ear- nesUy urging the Senate of the UnitAl Statee to take up, consider, and enact into law the House bUl passed at the last session of Congress to create the office of secretary of agriculture, to be filled by an experi- enced and practical farmer. That bUl is before the Senate, and I move that the resolutions lie on the table. The motion was agreed to. Mr COCKRELL. I present several similar resolutions and memo- rials from Washington Orange, 1010, of Howard County, Missouri, a similar memorial and resolutions from Apple Creek Valley Grange, 983, of Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, and a similar memorial and reso- lutions from Shaddy Grange, 1882, of Wright County, Missouri. I move that they lie on the table. The motion was agreed to. ■ r ts Mr. BLAIR. I present two memorials of David Morrison, of New- port, Sullivan County, New Hampshire, and addressed to the Senate and House of Representatives. He was a soldier in the Army and prays that Congress will pass a bill thatanincreaseof pension may be granted to Union soldiers who were shot or woondsd in rebel prisons, and that soldiers who were confined in rebel priaona can have their pension m- creased without any examination by doctors. I move Uieir reference to the Committee oa Pensions. The motion was agreed to. Mr.. VANCE. I have received a petition from certain citizens of Western North Carolina, representatives and senators in the Legislature of that State, asking for a protective tariff spoo talc used as lava-tips, an extensive bed of which is found in that section of the country. It is my duty to present it, and I ask its reference to the Coaimittee on Finiuice. The PRESIDENT pro temport. Has not the Committee on nnance reported? Mr. VANCE. It is not covered by the pending bill. The petition was referred to the Committee on Finance. lOBBAOE FROM THK HOUSE. A message firom Uw Hoose of R^resentativeB, by Mr. W. K. Mk- tBAFTT, one of its clerlo, announced that the House had passed the joint gcaolnnoii (8. R. 132) anthorizing the Public Printer to remove certain ■Htarial from the Government Printing Office. ENBOLLKD BILL 8IQKKD. The message also announced that the Speaker of the House had signed the enrolled joint resolution (3. R. 109) presenting the thanks of Con- j^esi to John F. Slater, and for other purposes; aod it was thereupon aijnifiil by the President pro tewtpore. KXBCVTITK OOMinTNICATIOKB. •rbe PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a letter from the l^eeretary of the Interior, transmitting a communication from the Com- asissiocer of Indian Affairs touching the deficiency in the appropria- tkm for frilfilling treaty stipulations with the Sioux Indians; which was acferred to the (Simmittee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. He akn laid before the Senate a letter from the Secretary of the In- ^■ior, traBsmitting, in compliance with section 494 of the Revised Stat- «tH^ His icpoct of the Commissioner of Patents for the year ended De- RKPORTO or coMxrrms. Mr. McDILL, from the Committee on the District of Columbia, to whom was referred the bill (S. 1899) to amend sections 534, 536, 537, 541, and 542 of the Revised Statutes of the United States relating to the District of Columbia, reported adversely thereon; and the bill was postponed indefinitely. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 6236) to spnend certain sections of the Revised Statoles relating to the District of Columbia, reported it with amendments, and submit- ted a report thereon, which was ordered to be printed. He also, fixnn the Committee on Public Lands, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 832) for the relief of Marael Altmann, reported it with- out amendment. Mr. LOGAN. I am instructed by the Committee on Appropriations, to whom w«9 referred the bill (H. R. 7193) making appropriations for the payment of invalid and other pensions of the United States for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, and for other purposes, to report it with aa amendment I wish to M^, so that the Senate may have no- tice, that when the bill comes before the Senate I have an important amendment that I desire to offer, with reference to furnishing persons of h to amittee < the Senate now, so that they with certificates. I give notice may look into it. Mr. C.\MDEN, from the Committed on Pensions, to whom was re- committed the bill (H. R. 1341) granti ig a pension to James B. White, leported it without amendment, and e ibmitted a report thereon, which was ordered to be printed. Mr. ALLISON, from the CommittCK on Appropriations, to whom was nferred the joint resolution (H. Res. 1 124) to provide for deficiencies in the aiifropriatioBs for salaries of office «, clerk.<«, messengers, and others in the service of the House of Represe itativcs for the fiscal year ending Jane 30, 1863, reported it with omen Lmcnts. BILL INTBODUCKD. Mr. DAWES asked and, by unani nous cont^ent, obtained leave to introduce a bill (S. 2450) to amend sec tion 2148 of the Revised Statutes •f the United States, in relation to tn spaasera on Indian laud«; which was i«ad twice by its title, and refernd to the Committee on Indian Affairs. AMEKDMEVT8 TO BILLS. Mr. ROLLINS. I desire to offer as amendment to the naval appro- priation bill which is in tlie directi<Mi of general legislation. There is some general legislation now upon ibe bill, and therefore I feci jus- tified in offering this amendment. lit is in the direction of reform. I should like to have tlie amendment read, printed, and referred to the Committee on Appropriations. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Th ; Senator asks for the reading of the amendment. If there be no objec ion it will be read. Mr. KELIXXK>. Will not printing of it in the Rexx>rd do as well? Mr. ROLLINS. That will answer iny purpose. The PRESIDENT pro tmipote. It will be printed in the Rbcx>HD and referred to the Committee on App x)priations. The amendment is as foUows: Sbc. i. That the President shall appoint i board of three rear-adntirala on the active or retired list, and one otBcer of eecl i of the KnKin<*er, Medical, and I'ay eorpa of hiftb rank on the active or retired liM, who Bnall. before the lirt. davof Oolobsr, 1>4^, thoroucfaiy ■omtinixe tbc active list of the Navy and ntiall wioct therefrotti nix rear-edinirals, tea oommodoi e^, forty cnptainn. ciicbty conimand- em, seventy lieutenant-commandera, two hu ndredand forty lieutenants, seventy niantors, an(lncventyenHi(ni".t<'ii medical di nectora, ten medical inspectors, forty- flve suri;eon.i, eifrbty-fivo SMtiHtAiit and p uwed aneiatant ourgeona, eiirht pay directors, riKbt pay inspeotont, thirty-five ;)ayina»it4>r8, Afleen passed aMsiatant paymasters, Ave chief enffinet-r!*, with the relative ranlc of oapt*in ; ten chief enirineers. with the relative rank of comma ri<lcr; forty chief engineers, with the relative rank of lieutenant-commander or 1 eutenant ; flfly-tlve passed asKiKtant enaineem, and thirty-A^-e aMiiKtant enKinee -h, with the relative rank for eachaa now fixed by law. to be retained on the ad ive-list of tbc Navy to diM-harife the cnrrrnt duties of the service under Uic lai r and rtf(ulationa ifoveminK it : nnd all others now on iwid Uetsliall be eonsidcret i Aup<TnumenLr>-, and ahall be pla4.-ed on a separate lint not entitled to promutioi . und witli leave-of-absenoe pay, but mthiifA to be ordered tu MTvice with the |>ruxT |>ay uf their Kradconly in time of war. Aod they shall retire on r««tohinfi: the retiring a^te of their irrade, or at any lime )M>fore roachinK that okc un tlieir own application. And the ofhcers so re- tained aa above provided ahall l>e entitled t< their promotion after proper service and examiiuaion as vaoant-iea may oocur n ithout regard to the ofilcera remain- Inc on the supernumerary list. Mr. BEXi^K. Mr. President, I ask leave at this time to offer an amendment to the pending tax and ta riff bill which I wish referred to the Committee on Finance or lie on th ' table, whichever the chairman thinks best. It is short, an<l tbetv is ionic anxiety about it. The PRESIDENT pm O-mpi^rr. Da ■« tlie Senator winh it read ? Mr. BECK. Yes, sir. The Acting Secretary read the propc sed amendment, as foUown: All imported goods, wares, and merchan lise which may be on shipboard and tn the public atorea or bonded warehouses >n the date when this act shall take eflfect shall be sobjeoted to no other duty u K>n the entry thereof for conHump- tion then if the same were ini|>orte<l reaper :ively after thatdute ; and all (roodn, waree, and merchandise remnininK in bon<ied warehouseson the day when this act shall take effect and upon which the du ie?4Mhall have be<-n paid ithall l>e en- titled to a refiind of the diflhreooe between the amount of duties pai<i and the amount of duties aaid Booda, wares, and m< rclumdise would be subject to if the ■ame were imported reepectively aiker that day. Mr. MORRILL. I think the Sena or had lietter have that referred to the Committee on Finance. There is no sort of obje<-tion to the first part of the proposition. Mr. BECK. I wonld rather have t referred to the committee for examination. There being no provis on in the bill in regard to this subject., there is some apprehension e cpressed in 'X'arious communica- tions to me and a general feeling that something of this sort ought to be proposed. Mr. MORRILL. There is no donb about the first part of it The other part there is a diffbrcnoe about. Mr. BECK. I understand this was prepared by the naN-al officer at Ihe port of New York, a very careful man, with whom I have corre- sponded on the snhject. I would raaA- have it referred to the com- mittee. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Do » the Senator want it printed ? Mr. BECK. Yea, sir. The amendment was referred to the Committee on Finance, and or- dered to be printed. Mr. DAWES submitted an amendi nent intended to be proposed by him to the sundry civil appropriatioi bill; which was referred to the Committee on Indian Affiurs, and ord sed to be {Minted. Mr. SAWYER submitted an amenttnent intended to be proposed by "him to the naval appropriation bill; which was referred to the mittee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. Mr. LOGAN submitted an amendment intended to be prc^Msed hj him to the sundry civil appropriation bill; which was rererred to I Committee on Military Affiiirs, and ordered to be printed. KXBCVTTVB 8E8BIOV. Mr. KELL^XKx. I wi.sh to ask the S«'tmt«» to jio into executive ( sion. There is a good deal of business, I understand, on the table ' ought to be referred to committees. I submit the motion. Mr. MORRILL. I think the Senator from Louisiana is I hope we shall not go into executive semion. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Ix>uisiaaa that the Saiate proceed to the consideration of e.\ecutive bosiiMM. Mr. INOALLS. Let me ask as a matter of fact whether there mm executive communicatimis lying on the table that ought to be nfyrnAT The PRESIDENT pro tempore. There are some. Mr. MORRILL. Not many. Mr. INGALI£. Then it is obvious, inasmuch at^ wo sit until 10 «r I I o'clock every night, that other bnainess should be considered, espe- cially consisting of executive communications from the President. I think the Senator from Louisiana is plainly right. We might have SM executive sesrioD-^yr a few minutes Mid then resome the tariff bill. Mr. MORRILL. 1Very well. Mr. KELLOGG. I understand the Senator from Vermont will nak object. Mr. MORRILL. If there are such communications I do not olgeei. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the motioB «» proceed to the consifleration of executive business. The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the coariA- eration of executive business. After 1 3 minutes spent in executive 88»- sion the doors were reopened. MESaAOE FBOM THK H0178E. A. message from the Hoose of Representatives, by Mr. W. K. Mb- H.VFFEY, one of its clerks, announced that the Honas had pa«ed bill (S. 2412) to encourage the holding of a world's industrial and ton centennial exposition in the year 1884. ENROLLED BILL SIOXED. The message also announced that the Speaker of the House had i the enrolled joint resolution (S. R. 132) authorizing the Public Pristv to remove certain material from the Government Printing Office; i it was thereupon signed by the President pro temport, INTEBKAL BEVENUE AND TAKIKF DUTIES. Mr. &IORRILL. I move to poe^mne the Calendar. The motion vras agreed to. Mr. MORRILL. I move to take up the revenue bill. The motion was agreed to; and the Senate^ as in Committee of —. Whole, resumed the consideration of the bill (H. R. 5638) to reduce i»- temal-revenuc taxation. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the amendi of the Senator from Tenntwee [Mr. Harbis], which will be read. The AcTixo SEfRKTAKY. It is proposed to strike ont, after the ^ "form," in line 1124, all down to and including line 1138, in the M- lowing words : Valued at not exceeding 25 oenU per pound, 10 oeata per poond; vmhied aa over 2S centx per pound and not exceedintr 40 oenta per poond, IS eenta per pound ; valueif at over 00 cents per pound and not exceeding flOoents per noa^ 22 cents per |>ound ; \-alued at over Moenls per pound and not exoeeainf i^ cents |>cr pound. 27 cents per |>ound ; valued at over QO oenta per pound and Baa excee<linK 70 cents per f>ound, 35 cents per pound ; valued at over 70 cents pound and not exoee«ling SO cents i>er pound, 40 cents per pound; vali over SO cents per pound and not exceeding 91 per pound, 8 valued at over fl per pound, 50 per cent, ad valorem. And to insert in lieu thereof "30 percent, ad valorem;" soasto Cotton thread, yam, warps, o.- warp-yam, whether single or advanced the condition of sinirle by twistinK two or more sinale yams together, wl on beams or in bundles, akeins or copa, or in any other form, 90 per ocnt. valorem. Mr. MORRILL. After to<lay there will be but twenty-four woi days left of the present Congress. I therefore ni^e that we may oeed to the consideration of this bill with adetermination to accompUils something if it is the purpose of the Senate to have this bill receive! final action at the present session; and I trust that aAcr the iiieti i* been fully stated on such question there will be no objection to ' a vote. I ask unanimous consent that the five-minute rule may be i plie<l to the considrnition of the present schedule. The PRESIDENT pro ttptpore. I.s there objection? Mr. SAULSBURY. What is the proposition? The PRESIDFINT j)n> Oospore. The proposition is that the rtil*( five minutes' debate lie applied to all amendments. Mr. MORRILL. To the present schedule only t The PRESIMINT pro tempore. To the present schedule. Mr. SAULSBURY. Tliis is a matter of too much importi aipply a rule of that kind to. Mr. MORRILL. I think it has been discussed to the : all sides of the Senate, and I trust there will be no objection to i ing the five-minute rule. 2022 CONGRESSIONAL UECOKD— SEXATK FEBEUAKt 3, 1 The PRESIDENT mv import. The Senator from Delaware object». Mr. MORRILL. I andeiBtood him to withdraw the objection. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Delawar« withdraw hi* olyectioD ? Mr. 8AULSBURY. I do not. I do not wish to dbvu* the (lut-s- tioa myself, hot there are gentlemen here who are informed npcm these aolijeets and the exprearion of whose views will be of advantage to the Senate. Mr. MORRILL. I only ank to have the limited rule of debate ap- plied to this schedole, which I thought all would concede had been sofBciently discussed. Mr. BAYARD. I need only remind my friend from Vermont of the flKi that if he does succeed in applying the five-minute rale on all these different items and amendments it can be avoided in a moment by a motion to indefinitely postpo'ne. Any one who desires to merely occupy time has it within his power to do that. Mr. HALE. Still does not the Senator from Delaware believe that if we ail conseut to the application of the five-minute rule its effect would ■ W aiBterially to limit debate; that very few Senators would resort to the motion he has just referred to ? The Senator's colleague says this is a very important schedule, and that is the reason why he objects to the five-minute rule. I ask him whether that is not the best of reasons why the five-minute rule should be I4>plied, because if it is important, it is important that we should complete it and do something about it and revise the tariff. It is very evident that with this long-continued, protracted general debate it may be impossible to get anything through. It is because of its importance that this rule is invoketl. Mr. SAULSBURY. I say to the Senator tliat I am as unxioiw an he can be that the tarifl" question shall be disposed of at the present session of Congress. Personally, I am willing to accept a bill which does not commend itself to me in all ite features, pro\-ided we can get such u general reduction of the taxation of the people as will meet the public expectiition. But the Senator knows that outside of the Finance Com- mittee the larger number of Senators, perhaps all of u.s, have not had the opportunity to inform ourselves intelligently upon the varioas ques- tions on which we are called upon to vote. It is therefore necesaary that we should be enlightened by members of the Finance Committee and others who have looked into the various questions before we can give intelligent votes such as we ought to give. Mr. HALE. Let me ask the Senator one question. Does he not be- lieve that on this ootton st^hedule. when it i.s fully deljated under the five-ttiinute rule, a debate participated in by nuuiy Senators giving the mmlt of their studies in short, brief speeches, much more illumination would be thrown upon the subject in reference to voting upon it than by two or three long speeches? Mr. MORRILL. I ask my friend from Delaware if he will not con- ■ent to a limitation of debate to ten minutes upon this .schedule only? Mr. SAULSBURY. Others on this side of the Chamber «1o not wish to be restricted on this question. Mr. MORRILL I then withdraw the reciucst. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The n(iu«-st is withdrawn The yeas and nays have been ordered on the present amendment. The Principal Legislative Clerk proceeded to rail the roll. Mr. BUTLER (when his name was called). I am paired with the Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. C.\merox]. Mr. HILL (when his name was called). I am paired with the .Sen- ior from Arkansas [Mr. Walkeb], who is detained by sickness. Mr. JONAS (when his name w** called ). I am paired with the Sen- ator from New Jersey [Mr. Sewell]. Mr. SAULSBURY (when his name was culled). I am paired with the Senator from Michigan [Mr. Perky}. If he were present, I should vote "yea." The roll-call was concluded. Mr. PLUMB (after having voted in the negative). I am paired with the Senator from Missouri [Mr. Vest]. He is not here, and I withdraw my votei. The result was announced— yeas 23, nays 29; as follows: YEA»-23. Barrow, O«oiv», BaytMxI, (}roT«r, Beek, Hampton, Cockreil, liarrM, Maxey. Coke, Ingalbi. Morjran. OarluMl. Jitckson. Pendleton. N.\Y»-29. AW'*«»». - S?''**'^ *^°^". * P**t. Edmund*, MoDill. RoIliu.i, £T*' McxMilUn, itewjer. McPherson. Hbemiaa MiUcr of Cal. . Tabor. John.«ton, Jones of Fk>ridJ^ Pujfh. Kamsom, .Slater. Vance, Van Wyok. Alltaon, Anthony, Blair. Camden, Ouneron of Wis., t'onger, DiavisoriU.. Hale, Harrisoii, lUwiey, Hoar, an>wn, BoilCT. Call, Caaieron of Pa.. IV. vw of W. Va., Fair. I'iufey. Ferry, C^orman, Jnnsa. So the amendment wxn rqected. Miller of N. Y., MiU-hell, Morrill, AB8ENT-2t Jonen of Nevada, ^lewrll. lADbam, Vest. MalKWJe, Voorhcca, Plumb. WalkH-. Saulsbury, WillianM .Saandera. Windom Mr. HALK. 1 offer the following rosolution: I iSeMWrrrf, That upon each amendment hereafter offered to the bill entitled "Ao act to reduce intemal-rt-venue taxation " each Henator may speak once for fire I minutest and no more. I ask that that lie ov^r, and 1 will tr}' to call it up on Monday. Let it be printed. The PRESIDENT pt-o tempore. The resolution will lie over and be printed. Mr. HARRIS. I move to strike out tM same lines that were included in the former amendment just disposed of and insert "35 per cent, ad valorem," and for exactly the same reasoas which induced me to offer the former amendment, which h;w ju.-<t l>een voted down. The rHtiSIDENT/»rtf tempore. The only di^erence, then, is :io in- stead oi JU per cent. Mr. HARRIS. That is it. Mr. ALDRICH. I havf just rwwive*! the following dlspiitrh from a gentleman whose charactiT and knowledge entitle his opinions to the highext consideration: Bo^To.x, Ftbntary 3. Hon. NeL.'MJS W. .^LDRICB, U'uWliiit/ioN, D. C: .\ny le»w rates on fine yams than rei>orted in SeuUo bill would surrender our market to Kni;land. who i« oom|>etinK with uj» sucseanfullv under exi»tinK rateit. WM. WH1T.M.V>. Mr. HARRIS. Is he a manufacturer? Mr. ALDRICH. He is a manufiicturer, and a very intelligent man. The existing mte.-t an- about .VI jxt cont. on the average, 1 think, <m tine yaru-s. Mr. SLATER. I should like to ask the Senator a question. Mr. ALDRICH. I want to get through with my statement mul then I will yield to as nuiny Senators as desire to ask me qne^tioiLx. The bill now before the Senate propot^es to reduce the rattw on all grades. Tht>se fine yanis are ma<le abroad largely from I-Ijo pti^ui, Ta- hiti, Fiji, and Peruvi:m cottons, with some .VnieriVan col tons ofcourse. In the mauuliicture of the finer numlxi-s, combing inachinen.-. which is verj- expensive, must be used. In this country these tine yarns are made almost entirely from .sea- island or other American long staple cottons, and I desire* U> call the attention of the Seiutors from Georfjia and South Curolina to the effect which the incrta-s^-d mauufacture of tine threads and yania has had upon the pric-e and use of sea-island c-otton. The result of the development of this indu-stry in this country' luis been to largely increase the use of sea-island c-otton and enhance its price. 1 desire to read from the cot- ton circular of W. W. (iordon ik Co.. of Savannah, < Georgia, gentlemen, I presume, known to the Senators from that State: In former years spool thread wos made from Texan or Render or Peeler or MoiiM or some other «>f the nunieroiw varieties of the extra staple i;reen-aeed ootton. The enpnnoUM iiiereaoe in the uw of sewinK-mat-hines callecl for a cor- resprMjdinn increuiiein thcpnMluctioit of verv- stronK»t>«x^>l thre.Ml; for machine- aewinjf t<><|inreM much-^tronKorthrt-aUtliun liuii(l-««wiiix. 'lliin re<|uirenient in- iV'*^ thread niillH to um- K«r.vptian cotton ikn<i aOerwartl th«- M-a-i-«land and rlondit cotton. ""^ ... .... proved to be ei crop llK7<,»-"»)) t a new and nioMt important uw hu.^ been fJund for ItUu k -!«ecd' «-ottun. The atloption of this amendment would not only be a blow to the manufacturer of tine yam-s, but would prove prejudicial to the plant- ers engaged in pnMlu<ing .sea-island cotton. Mr. BECK. Mr. President, we areadvi.se<l by the Bureau of Statis- tics that the averagi- ad valorem rate en these cotton goods valuetl at not exceeding 40 cents a pound is 47.HO per cent., and the others run up to 59, 61. and t»5 per cent. The Tariff Commission reported them in two classifications, not ex<feding 23 cents a pound at the rate of 7^ cents a pound and not exceeding 4() cents a pound at 1.) cents a pound. The bill as originally coasithred and passed upon by the Committee on Finance, which I hold in my hand, introduced by the Senator from Ohio, reUuned those nitt^t as l)eing high enough for all purposes on that whole schedule: but at the ckise. and just l)elore the bill was reporte<l. the cot- ton manulucturen*, wholuid been content, so far as anybody knew, with the report of the Tariff Commission, who did not appear before them and make any complaint or exprcr«< any desire for a change alwve what they had done, and who di<l not appear l>efore us until a day or t wo before this bill was report.Hl to the Senate, Inuned a schedule lur thenwelver*, and without bringing a witness that I know of l>elbre the committee or any- where else, except upon their assertion that they thought this would be a better classitinuion for them, they ha«l it 8uhstitut«il f«.r xh" orig- inal bill which had Ikiu consideretl by the i-ommittee, whieh h:nl lieen reported by the Tarifl" Commission, and increaseti the rates in the num- ner tiiat the bill shows, from 7'. to 10 ccnt.s, from 15 to ](> cents, from 20 to 22 cents, from 20 to 2.j «Aits, and on gootis valued at over UO cents a pound and not exeeeding 70 cents, :r> cents insteail of ,{0; .n goods valued at over 70 txnt» a {lound ami not exeee<iing HO <vut.s. :UJ cenhi a pound was fixetl by the Tariff Commission and tlie original bJlL and that is here made 40 cents. Here is an item to which I'desire to call special attention in the lull of the Tariff Commission and th«< bill pre>wnted by the Senator from Ohio: Valued at over )W oent« per pound. 90 per cent, od valorem. That was the proposition, and when they came to amend their own niiiiH lo UM- K«r.vptian cotton ikn<l atterwarti th«- »ea-i-«land and \. The bInrU-seiMl ttitton rai.'*c(l in Carolina. <Je«>rjfia, and Florida, i:XM4-tly wliat l!uy iieedcil ; and li is now o«>uiput-.'d that of the laat I of JT.UX) Imks about 1(°>,UjI)I«ik^ were .tpiiii inlost>o<il thread. Thoa 1883. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATE. 2023 bill and prepare another one that suited them better they inserted a new clause: Valued at over 80 oenta per pound and not exceedinic ft per pound, 90 cents per pouml— Instead of 50 per cent, ad \*alorem; and — valued at over 91 per pound, SO per cent, ad valorem. The highest schedule added by these manofiicturers themselves; and I assert here that nobody but the manufacturers, nobody but interested men, no tt>nsumer, no manufacturers of goods made from this thread have e% er come before us anywhere and demanded this increase. * The manufacturers liad learned that at the other end of the Capitol this would lie a high protective tariff, and that they were to have anything they wanted. It was in the air everywhere; and feeling that protec- tion had been given to other classes, although they were content with the action of the Tariff Commission, they thought they might as well have more protection and larger subsidies than they were content to take unless the othera were to have it, and they came here and obtained it. The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. Aldrich], the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. McPmekson], and the Senator from Iowa [Mr. Alli- son], I l>elieve, were the sub-committee who beard them, and I think the Senator from New Jersey and the Senator from Rh<xle Island over- ruled the Senator from Iowa, and put up this schedide without any con- sideration by the committee. It is simply giving to these men— ^ — Mr. ALDRICH. 1 must call the Senator to order. I do not think a statement ought lo Ik- made hereof what was done in the committee. Of course any statement made by the Senator from Kentucky would only call out a counter-statement from me. Mr. BECK. Very weU. Mr. INGALIi^. It is very interesting. Mr. ALDRICH. Because I shall deny t« toto the statement made by the Senator from Kentucky. It could only result in a denial of the statements, and crimination and recriminatitm, and I 6\^bmit that it is entirely out of orilcr to state what was done in committee. Mr. BECK. There has been much said about what was done by the Finance Committee and by the Committee on Ways and Me«ns of the House, and what lias been done by the other House, all out of order. Mr. ALDRICH. I think the Senate will bestr me out in the state- ment that I have done no such thing. Mr. BECK. I have had to call the distinguished chairman of the committee to order, the Senator from Ohio, and others, on that account, while I may be guilty of it mysell'. But leaving all that out, I assert that nobody is demanding this in- creav.' but intt;rested men, the men into whose pockets the money will go. This new cLissification above the value of 80 cents per pound, this increase of duty upon every grade above what the Tariff Commission has given, is simply a demand made by these people who were entirely content with the tax imposed by the Tariff Commission and by the bill as first re-ported here, until they became satisfied that every other in- terest was demanding more subsidy and more money, and then they came and obtained it for themselves. I deny that interested men have any right to appear before commit- tees and dictate what those committees shall do, especially when it pats money into their own pockets, and particularly al\er those men had gone before the Committee on Ways and Means as I have read twice, and upon this very clan of goods in the schedule laid before that com- mittee by General Banks — I was about to say their mouth-piece or their agent, for he declared thjit it was done with theirconsent — in the sched- ule that they made on cotton threads, yams, warps, &c., agreed to have a reductionof20percent. advalorem. The present rate is over 47 per cent. The Senator from Tennessee moves to make it 35. When they did that five years ago and were content with it, and have better mathineri- now and better organized labor than they had then, it must be apparent to every man who looks at it that the present demand for an increase over what the TariflC Commission reported and over wliat was ever thought of until a few daj's before the time this bill came into the Sen- ate ought not to be given to them. Thirty-five per cent Is ample for everj- purpose, and it gets clear of all these chiasitications which have been inserted and of the frauds that may be perpetrated under them, and it simplifies— simplification is one of the thii^ greatly desired— the process of collection. It can not be charged that a single ad valorem duty is half as liable to fraud as a specific IwLsed upon an ad valorem, and, as I said yestenlay, jumping from one rate to another. Having admitted that they could submit to 20 per cent reduction five years ago, when they could less affonl to do it than they can now, at a time when everjthinj!; was down and depressed, now when we only seek to reduce from 47 to 35 per cent on the class of jjoods under 45 cents per pound in value, I say that it is a liberal and fair proposi- tion; and anj-thing that we give them beyond that is to the detriment of all the interests of this country who ase this thread and make a more perfect material out of it, and it Is merely for the purpose of enriching a few men who have come around these committees and clamored for more than they themselves believed they were entitled to; but if they can get it it is a part of a system whereby everybody is expected to get all that he aslu lor, and it is all done tinder the felee pretense of protecting the American laborer. Mr. MORRILL. A sin|^ word. On all of these threads . those that are of ver>' hi^h cost, using sea-island cotton to make thsB, the rates propose*! are a great deal lower than in the existing tarifll I do not think it necessary- to make qny reply to the diatribes that wt% thrust in here at every moment npcm this ImU. Mr. BAYARD. Mr. l^resident, I wish to make one comment open this schedule. It will lie observed that a» to the lower class ot goodi^ by which I mean the cheaper class of goods, those thnt cwmUIuIl tbe great bulk of the demantl in this conntr}', a specific dirty is attached and al.so an ad valorem, while upon the higher grades it will be noticed there is no specific duty, but an a<l valorem solely. I wish I oould make the Senate understand the great ii\j notice and danger that lies in specific duties applied to low-grade merchandise, and they would see how oftentimes a very few cents, or even a single cent^ may amount to an enormotts ad valorem duty, whereas when you come to the higher and more finished articlesof luxury and themoKOOStlypii^ ductions the ad valorem is a high rate and the specific beoomeB n mcM bagatelle. There are seveml departments of this schedide in which the specific duty applied to other schedules would be scarcely as dmt in the balance, but the specific duty upon the low grade of articles amoonlB to an enormous proportiomite duty; and that is one of the shrewd de- virtw with vvhich the proi)o«itiou of the Tariff Commission and the bill presented by the Senate Committee on Finance abound. I do not say at this time that this discussion, especially from this side of the Chamber, is to have much influence; but I feel that this is noth- ing but a skirmi.shing line for a contest to come hereafter, for this qoes- tiou of taxation is bound to be settled uptm some basis, as I hope aywl believe, in accordance with the intelligent and enlightened judgment of the entire American people. The first thing for a law of any kind, whether a tax law, a penal law, a Ijiw of descent and inheritance, is that it shall be plain and dear, that he who runs may reatl it, and in this country we do not propose to be governed by obscurities and technicalities. If our Government has a strength it is in the (-onfidence of the people in the laws that gOTern them and their respect for those Xavrn. Holding that ignorance of the law excuses no man, I think I should so word it that the simplest and youngest may understand tht; law if he brings a simple, honest intent to comprehend it. Now, then, I wish the Senate, or those wlm in any dejrrw sympathise with the object I lave in view — a simplilic:itJou of this tariff system as well as a general reduction of the scale and the weeding out of those unnecessary and olj8tru«-tive taxes which not only bring no revenue btrt impede the great lines of manufactures in this country and prevent them from competing elsewhere with their competitors abroad — could be made to comprehend that that feature runs throughout this bill — I do not speak of it with personal disrespect of its framers when I say — that can- ning feature that runs throughout this bill which by imposing a specific duty upon articles of low cost really makes a grievous taxation, much more tlian an apparently high ad valorem wotild establish. Now, look through this bill. I^et Senators look at line 1121, and the duties established there, and in lines 1124 and 1125; these articles, when valued at not exceeding 25 cents per pound, pay 10 cents per pound, and when valued at over 25 cents jter {mund and riot exceeding 40 cents per pound, 16 cents per pound, and valued at over 40 oenls per poutid and not exceeding 50 centn per pound, 22 cents per ponnd; at over 50 and not exceeding 60 cents per^und, 27 cents; at over 6D and not exceeding 70 cents, 35 cents per pound, and so on down to line 1138. Now, to what do these specific duties estimated per potud a{^y? They apply to the greater body of the cheaper commodity. Why ? Be- cause the tax of so many cents upon these forms is equal to a higher rate than 35 percent, ad valorem, lliat Is why the Senate voted down the proposition of the Senator from Tennessee to put those goods at 30 per cent. It is because the specific duty here stated is infinitely beyond the 30 per cent., and it is a disguise of the fact thxt is a high ad valorem duty under the pretense of a low specific duty. Passing l)eyoud that, you come to the article of luxury; you come to the more expensive article. li itcharged any more per pound in specific duty ? Not a bit of it. Wlien you have reached the ezpensiTe artido then the ad valorem comes ir. An ad valore-m of .V) per cent, npoo n low grade of gcxxls would not amount to 5 cents a yard; on other grades in this schedule the ad valorem of .'>0 per cent, would amount to $5 per pound. There is where the whole plan Is made. It is not a genuine ad valorem according to valuation. It is to disguise the fad of the amount of the tax. and to that I draw the attention of the Senate. Having said that much I propoHe to follow up my vote, succeasftil or not, though geuerally I liave been unsuccessful up to this time in this Chamber. I propose to follow in the line that shall disclose the tax to the American people in its truth, so that they can understand it, and if they import an article worth 25 cents per yanl they will know that they are iiayinjx updn it the 10 cents or the 8 cents, whatever may be the real ad valorem duty, and not be misled about it. But, Mr. President, it was said yesterday that there was no increaas in this bill, and the Senator from'Rhode Ishind [Mr. Alouch], wbo has been referred to constantly as the re|ifesentative of a community of very extensive and successful mantubcUmn, and whose intellieeneo 2024 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— vSENATE. Februaby 3, 1883. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATK 2025 I It has been disclosed oonstantly in the oonrae c^ this (J^ebate, presented to th* flniMitn oommonicationfi apon the cotton aiMl cotton goods and ho- M>y danns from some, I belieye, of the very firms interested, the most enuoent of the manatactarers of Massachosetts, on this sabject. He lead » statement from the Ipswich Mills, Lawrence Mana£M:timng Com- pany, Gilmanton Mills, anid the Boston Mannfactoring Company, than ^rbom, I believe, no moT« eminent manafactorers of this class of goods •re to be found in the ooontry. Now, see what they aay. I read fix>m lafB 49 of to-iiay's Record :' I. On atookinga, boM, balf-bo«e, ahirts, and drawen, and all gooda made on knkUns machines or fraiBca, oompoaed wholly of cotton, and noi herein oibet^ wiae provided for, 35 per oent. ad valorem. IL On alockings. hoae, balf-boae, ahirU, and drawers, Caahioned, narrowed, or ■hapad, wholly or In part, by knitting machinea or fl-amea or knit by hand, and aompoaed wboUy of cotton, 45 per cent, ad valorem. The Tariir Couimiaaion in its bill propoaed 40 per cent, ad valarem on all cot- ton knit gooda. The additional 5 per cent, on tnc claoaes of gcKxla enumerated In elanae 1 i« unneoeaaary. aa the preaent rate of 35 p<T cent g^vea all the proteo- NoB aaeded. We desire' the additional rate on the ciaaaea of gooda mentioned in •laasa U, for the following reaoona — I commend this to the attention of my friends — Firat. Becaaae up to the preaent time all the mills in the country making cot- loQ knit goods have been compelled to confine themaelvea to the manuCkoture of tbeeoBimon grades known aa eutgooda (made up wholly on aewin^-machinea) «• aaaottnt of th« great dilTerenoe between the oostof labor here and m Germany mmt Ftuaem: ■Mond. we believe the slight increase asked for on the claaaes of goods sped- flsd in clause II will enable us — I wotiJd here ask the Senate to note this Had — to make a beginning in this branch of the knitting gooda industrv ; and' Tfaird. That a beginning onee made our skilled mechanics will be encouraged to invent machinery adapted to the mannfaoture of the better kinds of cotton knit goods. • «••••• With the aligbt ginning now, and in time < And that issigDed: 1 for Wfi are confident that we can make a he- ld the trade of the country. i AMOS A. LAWRENCE, Ijamtii^ MiOM, UUmanton MUU. T. JEFFEBdON COOI.IDOE, Pmidemt Lawrenee MaHuftietwri$uf Cktmpanw. EDMUND DWIOHT. IVeasMrrr Boalon Mammfaeturimg Compamy. A beginning ! * Now at the end of a century of cotton manufacture, ai the end ot fifty years of cotton-knitting manufacture, we are told tliat if an additional duty be imposed a beginning can be made which, in the year of grace I know not what, may culminate into a command af the trade of this country. A beginning is to be made now in the eotton manufactures in the United States! And that by a tax pro- tective, pore and simple, not needed for revenue, destructive of revenue, for the purpose of educating these skilled and able men fxirther in the branch of industry which is theirs by the inheritance of generations I Mo wonder they stayed away from the Tariflf ComtnisBion. The com- miaaionaaj: ffWw tedostries have eqjoyed atach a steady and healthy growth in this country aa that of oatton manaflMtore. And then they proceed to figures. In la^iO the products of cotton aannfartiired in this country were |6o,501,687; thirty years aAerward, in 1880, 1210,950,383. If that is not encouraging progress, if that is bot substantial value, tell me how figures shall express it. Yet on an industry like this we are now told that a new tax must be laid for the purpose of letting them begin. In God's name, when and where will tbey end? I have been led to say this, much more than I intended to way on the subject of this cotton schedule. I was told by the Senator from Vermont that this schedule was as plain as a pike-stafT. It may be as plain as a pike-staff to an expert, or to those experts in cotton lolacture who framed this bill by the light of their individual in- but if I am blind or dull and stupid on this subject J am so in ■ excellent company. The honorable Senator from Ohio [Mr. Sheb- 0, who has filled the post of Secretary of the Treasury, one of the ■ experienced men in public life in this country on this subject, 1 obliged to admit yesterday in the following words his inability to cfnnprehend the schedule: Mr. PreaMent— Said Senatdr Sherman— I have examined this cotton aebeduie with all the industry poaaibie, but wiih- — t—neh intelligence in connecUoQ whh tt. ^ Now, I beg leave respectftilly to correct that Senator's statement. He did examine it with iatelligeoce, for that he could not divoree from the operation of his mind ; but it was impossible for a man even of his intelligence to comprehend a schedule that was not intended to be com- prehended except by those whose interests were peculiarly wrapped up in it, and fcr whoae nedfic benefit it was made. There isthe historv of tariff lagialatiwi aa ikis schedule. The Senator from Khode Island at a previoiM portion of the debate, forgetting perhaps the per- Bplici^ which he said attended this Hcbedule, although for a I thing it took him longer to attempt to explain it than any other irimple matter of which I have any knowledge, said it was a subject of great difficulty. Iwm not detain the Senate to find his exact words, bot I can find them praaeatly. I waa stnick with the fact that when lie arose to expUin the schedule he found his difficulty in trying to e.Tplain the meaning of the schedule to those who are' not experts in cotton manufacture but who have a fair modicum of intelligence that cud be applied to the com- prehension of a pablic statute. I say a public statute ought not to bo a mystery to the people whom it is to control. The laws ol Draco wcro said to be written in blood, because they were posted so high that the people could not read them. What is the difference between a law that is posted out of a man's ai^t and a law couched in such mysterious and difficult words that an ordinary mind can not understand it? In the papers to-day it is stated that some man hands hack a small amount of oonsdenoe money' to the Treasury and gives aa the reason, that he tried to understand the tariff and could not; that he thought it cheaper to fee the officer than to attempt to understand the law ; and after be passed his goods through he hands bock what he supposes to be a kind af equivalent for what the law was intended to exact from him. That is all he oould da I will makea flirther and general renoark in closing, which was made months ago, as to this excessive grade of taxation and Uie tax with which these distinguished manufacturers profess themselves entirely satisfied; for, to use the phrase of the men, they say that "any addition is unnec- essary, as the present rate of 35 per cent gives all the protection needed. '' I have no doubt about that But how did it come to be so high ? What was the pretext for it? It was the imposition of intemxtl-rcveone taxes. It was becanse an income tax was imposed and a tax on cool was imposed and a tax on mannfiMrtures was imposed, all of which were taken off in 1867; and the history of the legislation is that as fast as you imposed during the war an internal-revenue tax the exterior or tariff tax was raised to correspond with it. In 1867 you repealed all the revenue laws that imposed a tax upon incomes, the tax upon coal, the ta.\ upon mannfiictnring indu.->-tries. They were all repealed; but theextemal-revenoe tax stood where it had stood before. The whole system has been disingenuous; it has been Ql^USt. There stand the historical facts, and no man will rise in this Chamber or anywhere else to deny them. They can not be denied ; they stand before the American people. They are monumental liicts of class and fitvMite legislation. In the tax upon wool and woolens the increase in tariff was made expressly upon the ground that the complication of the internal revenue made it necessary te do so. The internal-revenue tax has been taken otf, aad yet the tariff tax which accompanied it stands still, and there it is to-day. Mr. President, I hope— I will not say I hope, for I have very little ' hope about it on this question ; bat as it Is every man's duty to bear his testimony as to what he believes the legislation of this country ought to be, I say that a tariff of 35 per cent ad valorem in favor of this mann- facturwg industry at the present time is by intelligent, able, and in- fluential manufiKrtnrers admitted to be all that is necessary for the pur- pose of their business or the purpose of protectii^ them. Mr. HOAR. I desire to ask the Senator a qneation, simply in refer- ence to a statement of his. I understood the honorable Senator from Delaware to say that some cotton goods under this proponed schedule as urged by the Senator from Rhode Island would pay a duty of ^5 per yard. That of coutbc would imply a value of $10 i yard at the place of manufacture abroad. What kind of cotton goods did the Senator refer to? Mr. BAYARD. I did not say $5 per yard ; I said $5 per ptmnd. That is the rate fixed in the bill. Mr. HOA R. I thought tttg Senator said $5 per yard. WTiat kind of cotton goods does he refer to it $5 per pound Y Mr. BAYARD. I suppose I could find for the Senator manu&ctntee of cotton worth infinitely more than that Mr. HOAR. I supposed the Senator had some particuUtr kind of goods in his mind. Mr. B.WARD. I have mjrself seen maaufikctnres of biUbriggan ho- siery finer than any silk can be and more expensive than silk. The exact specific gravity, the weight of those stockings or hoee, I <an not give; but I have seen those stockings, 1 believe, retail for about $40 or $50 perdozen, and they were finer thiuisilk. I do not know whether adosen would weigh a pound or how many it would take. Mr. HOAR. I understood the Senator to say $5 per yard, and I think, without being conscious of it himself, he used the phrase "per yard," but it is more likely my mistake. Mr. B.\ YARD. If I did say "per yard " my meaning was obvious, because 1 was referring to a schedule that speaks of duties by the pound. Mr. M.\XEY. Mr. President, the classical allusion made bv the Sen- ator from Delaware I think was as fitly made in re»<pect to this bill m I have ever heard a classical allnsiou niiade in the Senate. The decreea of Draco, the Spartan, v^ritten in blood, and of the Roman tyrant, Ckl- ignla, which hung so high that nobody could read them, were no more adjust, no more hidden, than a tariff schedule which is so confejwedly obscure that the ablest and most enlightened expert in this body hi» told the Senate deliberately that be him.self was not able to uompi^ hend it A Senator [Mr. Shcrmax] who has been Secretary of tho Treasniy, whose experience it would seem would enable him to tbor- oog^ly comprehend all this, who has served m elMiirman of the Com- mittee on Ways and Means in the House, and on the Committee on Ft- wantw of this body for years, himself admits that to him it is not plain. If it be true of so a^le satd soenlightened a man on matters of tariff aa the Senator from Ohio [Mr. Shkrmam], how must it be for those of us who have never made it a special gtody ? TYiis schedule appears to be the work of manufacturers themselves, put in, aa we understand it, by them after it wu conceded by the Tariff Cbnimission that 35 per cent ad valorem was ample on this schedule for all purpoaes. I will say in addition to that that when the men to whom the protection, socalled, is to go dictates the tariff the man who has the tax to pay has reason for alarm. 7\'m<Y> Danaot H domaferenla. It is admitted by all that the ad valorem principle is the true and correct principle of taxation. The Senator from Vermont [Mr. £d- MirNDe] said yesterday: If properly administered, if you oould avoid tmad. the ad valorem on a home valuation would be the moat philoao|^ic of all poeaible methoda of tariff taxa- tion ; but human exporieooa naa proved that you can not do it, and you are cheated all the time. What a fearful comment is that upon the administration of the treas- ury system of this ooontzy, that altihoagb Ixmesty and fair dealing be- tween man and man demand the ad ralorem system, yet if that honest, fiur, and philoaophieal system is adopted we are ' ' cheated all the time. ' ' It is the most fearful comment upon the administration of the tariff system of this country that 1 have ever heard yet For that reason, and hecause of fraud in administration, the proposition for specific duties met his approval. But look at this schedule. Can any one say here that the ad valorem principle is avoided? You admit that it is not avoided. It is there. After every valuation you apply the ad valorem principle. The finrt clause which is nroposed to be amended by the Senator from Tenneasee [Mr. HakrisJ is: Ootton thread yam, warpa, or ii-arp-yam, whether Binjfle or advanced beyond the condition of sinKle by twisting two or more sini^lc yarns toffether, whether on beams or in b<inalea, akeina or oopa, or in any other form, valued at not ex- oc«dlng 25 oenta per pound, 10 centa per pound. Who v;Uuea it? Then you come to a still higher grade: valued at over 25 cents per pound and not exceeding 40 cents per pound, 16 cents per pound ; valued at over 40 cents per pound and not exceeding 50 cents per pound, 22 oenta per pound ; again, valued at over 50 cents per pound and not exceeding 60 cents per pound, 27 cents per pound; over 60 and not exceeding 70ci'nt8 per pound, 35 cents per pound; and again, valued at over 70 cents per pound and not exceeding 80 cents per pound, 40 cents per pound; and again, valued over 80 cents per pound and not ex- ceeding $1 per pound, 50 cents per potind; and again, valued at over |1 per pound, 50 per oent ad valorem. In every single instance through the entire schedule the judgment, the skill, the honesty, and fiur deal- ing of the Treasury officer is called upon, and he is required to value tiiese things; and after you pass goods worth more than ^1 per pound all preten.se at classification is abandoned and 50 per cent nd vidorem is the rule of taxation. If he is required to value these things in order to arrive at the specific duty imposed, can he not value those things with equal justice, equal skill, equal honesty, and equal fair dealing in order to put the ad vtdorem upon it, and can not he collect an ad valorem . jtiflt as well on the goods classified as on those worth moie than $1 per potind? There Ls something about that which I do not understand. We are told 35 per oent ad valorem is ample; that a general ad valorem tax of 35 per oent on ootton goods is sufficient Then why not adopt that in the bill without mystery ? Is it to uphold, foster, and encour- age an infant industry? It Ls one of the oldest in this land. Thirty- five per oent issofficient They say that the specific is pot here to avoid fraod, and yet in the very danse in which the specific is put the ad valorem is put also, and put to the front in every item from the firat all the xvay through to the last There is no reason in that, and tlie argu- ment in favor of specific duties as ac^inst ad valorem duties, admitted by the able Senator from Vermont [Mr. Edmunds] to be "the most ^iloaophic of all poasible methods of tariff taxation," kills itself. why not, without all this circumlocution, which at last rests on the ad ndorem method, adopt that method, because it is ' ' the most philosophic of all poasible methods of tariff taxation?" It seems to me that to do so wonld be sound, practical common sense. There must be some reason for this vague, this mysterious way of legislation. \STiatLsit? I can not understand it. During a practice of the law since early manhood, my experience is that a law to be under- stood by the people should be plain and simple. Such is the character of law that a law -giver should give to the people, not a mysterious law, not a dedme of Caligula, not such a law as the ablest and best expounder of the tariff laws in this body says Ls difficult of comprehension, but a law that plain, honest people who liave to import goods or buy im- ported goods can understand, that the honest upright Treasury officixJ who wants to execute the law faithfully can understand, and if heswerves from a fiiithful discharge of his duty, an honest Administration will dis- cover it and remove him. If 3*00 can \tlue the goods so as to determine whether they are worth % cents per pound cr 40 cents per pound or 50 cents per potind or 60 eents per pound or 70 cents per pound — if yon can value them with sufficient integrity and sufficient intelligence to pti^ the specific duty ^npoii them according to that valoation, can you not for the like reason miake a valuation of the article when it is presented in order that the ad valorem tax of 35 per cent ahall be pot upon that article? Yoa have the invoice that comes from the foreign ooontry ; yon have all the machinery that the Treasury Department affords you of determining whether it is a genuine, just, and valid invoice, and when yon aaoer- tain what the valoe of Uii artide is yoa can easily mnltiidy the in- voice at home valaation, if you please, by 35 per oent and you have the tax at once. Then why can yon not apply the ad valoa^m princi- ple to it in the tax as well as you can apply your judgment to it is ascertaining the valuation? Mr. Preaident, I agree with the Senator f^m Vermont [Mr. El>- icuNDe] that " if properly administered, if you oould avoid fraud, the ad valorem on a home vidtiation would be ttie meet philoaophic of all poasible methods of tariff taxation." Unlike him, I believe fraud can be avoided with more certainty by the application of the simple 35 per oent ad valorem to this schedule than by the complicated scheme set out in the schedule purporting to be specific, but at last resting upton a valtiation which would enable the direct i^lication of a simple princi- ple rather than the complicated scheme of the schedule. So believim, and believing that 35 per cent ad valorem is high enough, in all oon- sdenoe, I shall support the amendment of the Senator from Tennesnek Mr. SHEIRM AN. I see it is not very safe to acknowledge ignoranoe in regard to anything here, because Senators have construed my ac- knowledgment of ignoranoe in regard to cotton fitbrics a little more broadly than I stat^ it I said that I hod very indastrioasly applied myself to understand this proposed tariff, but without much knowledge of the snbjectr-matter, and I again repeat it But there are two or three things that a plain man can understand vrithout knowing all about cotton ^brics. It is perfectly plain that the bill, as it is now propoaed by the Committee on Finance, is a reduction upon the present rates in all classifications except on the last and highest ^rade. When cottOQ yam is of value above $1.35 a pound, then there is a slight increase in the rate of duty. In all the other grades, all the chei^>er qualities of ootton yams, there is a reduction of the rate of duty now collected under existing law. Senators ought not to disguise that fact It ought to be prompUy ad- mitted that the proposed tariff on yams is a decided reduction on the present rates provided by law, except on a grade rarely brought into this cotintry, yam that costs $1.40 a pound and upward. On that grade there is a slight increase. Since I spoke yesterday some gentleman from Nev York — who he ia I do not know, but he is both an importer and manu&cturer — haa amfe me specimens of the different kinds of goods according to their claan- fications, and although I do not know anything about this trad^;^ yet with these specimens before me I can easily see the nature and char- acter of the goods described in the schedule. I think I will send these q)edmens over to my friend from Kentucky [Mr. Beck] and let him study cotton manufactures a while. Here are ruffles and other artidea, classified according to the schedule proposed by the bill, giving the rate of duty proposed. Exactly the nature and character of the arti- cles manufactured can be seen, so that an expert in this busineaB, a man in the ctistom-hotise who is appointed not becaoae he is a finan- cier or because he is a lawyer or for anything of that kind, but be- caoae he knows about cotton goods, woald tell these goods by their classification as plxtinly as we can understand a decision of the Supreme Court on a l^al question. If my friend finom Delaware and myself were put to work to atadj the value of these different classes of goods, we should have a very hard road to travel. If we were set to work to make a speech before a jory we should do much better than the skilled inspector who examines and classifles these goods. Here they are [exhibiting], aixl with theaeaasA- ples before me I think I could make a pretty fiur inspector of eotton goods afler I had studied up the matter a little more than I have done. Mr. BAYARD. But the Senator will admit that having the sched- ule before him, with no other guide, he would not be able to do it Mr. SHERMAN. I say I should want specimens like these and I should want to study up the subject A great many men can be hired for $100 a month in the^'cw York custom-honae who are pkillftil in this business and would Icnow at once by the description without diffi- culty. ^ There is a difficulty m regard to yams whidi I did not kn<m before. These yams range in ^-alne from 24 cents a pound to over $2. The bill pro\'ides for a classification of yams worth less than 34 cents at aoertain rate and then grades the yams as they advance in value. Aa a matter of course there must be a difference, if you put a specific duty upon the yams, between yams that are worth only 24 cents a pound, only twice the vaJue of the raw cotton in them, and yams that are worth $2 a poond. For instance, here is a yam [exhibiting] that is finer than hair, beaa- tifU cambric yam. I do not know what the value of that is. Ibelieve that is not given here. It contains 180 threads to the square inch. There are some yams here that contain over 200 threads to the sqoara inch, and the classification is given. You can not put a ani£>rm duty an these articles; you must either put an ad valorem duty^ as isiwopoeed by the Senator fVom Tennessee, or you must put a scale or qiedw: dntiea. If you should put an ad valorem duty on these yams it would be ex- ceedingly difficult for a custom-house officer to tell the gradationa or value except by the invoices, and we know that the invaiota oajtha h«ds of an ad valorem tariff are often very fiwlty and vwywioog, TTia- I 'f \ ■: 2036 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATR Febkl'aby 3, '^ «Uect of the tariff laws of this Moi other ooontrim has been to avoid aivHoKm djxtim, becanM they lead to fraud. Mr. MAXEY. If the Senator from Ohio will permit me, I wish to propoiuid a qnestion, for I want information. The schedale fixea on an article valned at not exceeding 25 cents a pound a duty of 10 cents a poond. The object is said to be to avoid fraud. An artitle comen in valiMd juat over 25 cents a pound and that is put at 16cent« perpound. How easy would it be where a piece of goods is just on the margin to amid that additional tax of 6 cents a pound by false invoice ora fraud- olcDt Taluation? That runs all the way throu^ the wbolething; tlie ilifficnlty I have stated applies all the way through. Mr. SHERMAN. In a ladder there i.<<'a gootl deal of difference be- tween three feet and four feet. As a matter of course you must have a -seale. The argnment of the Senator would be to make a greater num- ber of classifications in order to prevent this inequality. Mr. MAXEY. If the Senator will pardoa me, my point would ^.be tO have a general ad valorem and to make nodiflerence whether the 4alue be25 centsor 26 centsandsoonuptoadollarapound, buttokeepthead • "Valorem tax upon the exact valuation of the article, whiitever it might Ijc. Mr. SHERMAN. I have stated over afid over again that an ad valo- '«™jp is easily avoided. There are fraudulent invoices, and rt would . be sftolntely impossible for a custom-hou.se officer to prevent fraud without examining the who\e of the invoices and all the articles if he was an honest man; and if he was a dishonest man how easy it would be to defraud the Government by calling a class of goods that were worth $1 a pound worth only 50 <*nts a pound. There is that diflaculty ■^Mt it. It is therefore better to have a series .of classificatioas, like the rounds in a ladder, separating the different qualities of the goods and in th^ case there is Jess liability to fraud, beiraase then the dutv becomes si*cific. ' It seems to ine, therefore, that this proposition which has been as- 8aile<l unduly enjitains a greater numl^er of classifications than any for- mer tariff. It follows the -classifications named bv the Tariff Commis- aon, which in the interest of equality , and to avoid the objection made bTUie Senator from Texas [Mr. M.A.XEY] increa.sed the number of 'PJMwflcations of cotton yam above the prcseut law. Then those en- giged in this business matle representations to us, not as witnesses, be- canae we refused to hear witnesses. My friend frOm Kentucl^ said that no witnesses appeared before as. That is very true ; but it was because we had no time to hear witnesses. That conclusion wjw made public, and I can therefore properly speak of it. : The Committee on Finance necessarily had to refu.se to hear wit- **■"» ^^ repreaentatiops by printed papers were laid before us; tlire WM atoo a member of thfc coi^ul||^ representing a State w here many of these julicles are produc^jpHTe statement was made that while the classification of the TariffTommiaion was right enough, was just enough yet the rafes proposed formM too large a reduction, which wotUd break down this industrj- in some of its branches. We listened to Uwt appeal, and we iniTcased somewhat the rates proposed bv the Tariff Commission, but reduced them below the present rates *That 18 all there is about the matter. While I do not know anything about the cotton industry- antk»nld not tell for my Ufe the difference between the value of different iTasses i#?^ yet I can see that the bill proposes a substantial reduct ion of the -«U1 law. While it does not propose as much of a reduction as the Tariff •Commission recommended, still it is as much as we thought on the whole this particular industry ought now to bear ^^^^t^l^^l J ^l" "^** ^^^ I*^°* ^ "^»^'' ThP ^nator from yiuo thinks that the ad valorem system should not appljr because there -M danger of fraud, and that the danger of fraud is lessened by inerrtls- there w less danger of fraud under seven chwsifications than there is '!552!L'**'"'"- ^"""^'^ *?'*'* not bestill less dinger of fnmd under tenclas- i^flcataons than under seven, and less danger of fraud under twenty !^^^ ^ *^* '^"*^^' **° ^'^ ^^^^ oo chwsificaition whatever which is exactly the point I make? The logioil outwme of the argument asi^l by the Senator from 0!Ko Sl:- .1 -^^^ '"^^ decreased ;»syou increase the number of clami- S!ITk 7 V^ ^•'^ decreased as yon increase the number of t*ieln mtiltbey finally vanish and you have one common chissitiration, val- luag the articles acoordmg to their actuiU value, and placing an ml va- lorein tariff upon the article, whatever its value may be. Take a piet* <»f cotton good, worth 25 cents a pound, which costs onlv lO^ntsdul? to bnng It la If It goes the fraction of a cent over 25 cents a pound i^J/ T ^ "*"** ^ f??°^' *°^ ^^^'^ '^ '^ «^ ^"'"^ ^^^^P to 40 cents a pound 1 comes m at 16 cents. If it g,>es above 40 and not exceeding f?f!^ A-v ^^^^-^ "^"'^ ^'^"" •'**' -^"^^ ""t exceedinjr (UK 27 cents- and ■0 €■. W herever you stnkc in the margin of the proper valuation vou give room for the largest kind of frand,^and you xL Sot a?cJd iP' Tl2f JIf?^v°f '■'* »/«»"s^<'.'^^J'^ against cUssific-ations as proposed. Th^^ be but one true an<l corrw t classification, and tliat is theclas- afi«^ rf an ad valorem rate. For example : if a man brings a niece h^JSTJ^"" V""^' " r ^i' ^' ^*« i» '" ** ^« ^^ If ^ iTfS^^!L^"^Vl*^**'^*^I»^^«I»y 16 cents. If he brings inapieeeofgood.worth40centsapound,br^tsitatl6. Ifbebring mg UM nttmt>er ol classifications from four, as it wasundet the old hi^ ^in<l«^i xi,^ ^^ ' i v~ ' ' ', *" '"'•' "^-■^•"-■"c pnces ;i«l m the Tariff Commission bill, up to s^ven. as is now prowml If T'lnli ^ "^ ^'''*' ' ^°' '^°'*" »«'»<^ndo^'' competition, st^Uy in a piece of goods worth 41 oents a pound, he has to pay 22 cents for getting it in, and so it runs all the way through. The only correct way of doing is to have one single rate and then val ue the article. You have the means of valuation as much on the ad valorem principle as on the specific principle, by the exact ^^ue according to the invoic-e and other appliances in order to ^mve at the truth and get the exact val nation ; and when that valuation is fixed it is an easy matter to midtiply it by 35 and get the correct amount that should go to the Government, that is the only correct principle of levying the duty, in -my judgijient. ^ Mr. CA LL. Mr. President, the class of fine goods referred t»-in this proposition is made from the sea-island cotton, of which the State of Florida is, I believe, thechief producer. This sea-island or long staple cotton is more easily grown in that State than in any otiier. I should not feel restrained by any c<?nvictions of mine from voting for such a distribution of the protection or aid given under this bill to such inter- ests as may properly be aided by it, as would aflbrd to tliis production such aid as it might juitly require, but I have no evidence and no t*a- son to believe that a larger amount of protection than ?■:') per cent, ad valorem is reciuired for that purpose, or that it would be consistent with the interest of the consamers of the cotmtry to pay a larger rate of duty than that. Were I advised by any information of a definite character that a reasonably and just proportion of the protection to lie afforded by thus bill was required for that particular interest, the interest of manulactnnng this species of fine goods out of that particular kind of cotton, I should vote for it, whether it belonged to the State of Florida or any other portion of the country; but having no such evidence, I shall vote for the proposition which I understand to I* made by the Senator troni Tennessee, to make the duty 35 per cent, ad valorem. *x.^' HAWLEY. Mr. President, I have taken the tiouble to run through so much of this schedule as pertains to cotton thi-ead and yam and warps, or warp-yams, and I find tliat it is ever\"where absolutely mathematically, indL^putably a^retluction, until vo"u get up to amone the ver>- fanest yams and threaSs, costing, say, f 1.35; and at that poinlL as you go up in pnce per pound, there is a very slight increase of duty. Otherwise I say no man disputes that it is a redaction, and a consider- able reduction, as much as the cotton manufacturers ought to be called upon to submit to. . Now,'is there not reason why there should be a little increase on the 51.3.J a pound yam? There Ls this reason: that there is a class of cot- ton laces and embroideries, &c., that has never been established as a rnanufacture of this country, but that can be established unquestion- ably by a slight increase in duty. There is no harm in doing it be- cause there i.s not a great quantity of goods c>oming into the country above ;,hat value anyhow. ^ The old dbties are analogous to these, and though thev are not pre- cisely the same they may act as a mode of t^mivarLson. Of the iroods valued below 80 cents a pound the importations were in the fiscal year described in these tables $1,074,794; of those valued at 80 cents or oTer a pound the importations amountetl to $1,204,052. The import;itioas valuation. Gentlemen propose here a slap-dash reduction from 50 or ?l£f'«r 11 .% """" l^ i^per cent duty, without the slightest idea, I am compelled to say after hearing them, of the effect such reductio^ may nave. ««^4v°°?^'' "^y'^'^^RO. under the stress of exeemive expenditure, we ^." i r i \ "P**" ?"**° ^^'^^ "' ^y '^•> <*°ts a pound The niult of hat has been to brmg two of the greatest foreign manufacturers* of S^M. i^^^i this country and cause them to sptnd here more than ?o,UOU,UOOand to build up .some magnificent establishments of our own Lt.T''Vt:r^'tT.^l ^r^.^^. -^ »» -^ — -^>»e PHcei T .ri^^^A.^'^ ^"^ ^t'T'*-'' *""« **^ *^*** *^^f^ "^y ^ done, the if^ <^o»W**«<>n, which has done great sen ice for ps and de«ired to do more, i^e the gross mistake of leaving the duty on cotton vam up at say .,0 pt-r cent and over and putting a duty upon cotton thread rLZi ^'^"'f ■ '.k'^'^^T* P">*«^'«° o*" l-^i P^r cent, to the foreign maker That is the condition in which the Tariff Commission report^ It. Some alteration was inevitable. i~"^ t.^^ wJ*'^ 1^^ ^'*™- '^^^y »^ '^^ fort'^o purposes, making cot- " ton cloth and putting into the form of sewing-tbfead For the la«er tended for that purpose, which is a small part of the while work To IT."; xr i.lf^r^'^ slam-bang retlaction of 35 per ct-nt., believe me or not Mr. I Went, IS to nulliliv several milliordollar^'in mv Statt^ do It If youthmk It IS worth while-built up and inve«te«l under Th^ encouragement of your laws. It offers a niiuctiofc of one-thi,^ IK present duty. They are willing tocome down from 78 per «.nt to aboo? ^, and they K-y they can live there. They name that figure ci^W a reduction of one-third of thepresent tariff; and vetg nt^m^n w^ in* derstand nothing about it rush in here as a man might ^p^rformi del"! eat* sur:g.cal operation with abutchers cleaver and want to cut dowli to 3o per cent. Go on if ypu choose to do it. m** uown thJI^J-fJ*'^' l>ENTprofc»parr. The question U on the amendment of the Senator from Tennessee iMr. HAURm] - BIr. HOAH and Mr. SIORRILL called for the yeas and nays. " 1883. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATE. The ysM and nays were ordered. Mr. BAYARD. BeAfe I hand back these ver)- pretty specimens of native skill to the Senator from Ohio, 1 merely wish to say in confirma- tion of what I said before that placing a specific duty by the pound on such articles as these is wholly delnsi%e. The coarser fiibrics of cotton cloth are the chief supply of the masses of the coimtry. Mr. MORRILL. I desire to say to the Senator that we are not dis- cussing cloths. It is yam that has been under discusuion and upon which we are now to vote; and those are by the yard and not by the pound. Mr. BA YAJ<D. Tliey are very careful not to tax them by the pound. ,The cheapest thing you can make will be $7.50 a pound and the high- est pound duty imposetl by this law is $1. You apply that to a coarse fi»bric and you have a very high rate of duty; but if on the contrary you apply it to a &bric like thus [exhibiting] your duty would be as mere dust in the balance; it would not weigh "at all. Therefore it is that in arranging these duties we can see the skill and care and ingenu- ity employed to devise that on the finer articles aii ad valorem duty is laid so as to be very high, while a specific duty is put on articles of small value. Mr. ALDRICU. Is the Senator from Delaware under the impieM- aion that the article he has in his hand pays duty on the pound ? Mr. BAYARD. Oif the contrary, it does not. If it did pay per potind you would get some idea of w hat the poorer class of people would have to poy. The poorer class<>s jwy by the potind. The Principal Legislative Clerk i>'rocec<le<l to call the roll. Mr. JONAS (when his name wastallcd). lam paired with the.Sen- ator from New Jersey [Mr. Skwell]. Mr. 8AULSBURY (when hLs' name was <^ledj. I am paired with the Senator from Michigan [Mr. Ferry]. Were he here. I should vote "yea." The roll-tall was concludetl. ' Mr. (JARLAND. My colleague [Mr. W.\lkeb] is paired with the 9027 My colleague wouI,d vote "yea' Senator from Colorado fMr. Hill] if here. Mr. HAMILTON. My coUeague [Mr. Bltler] requested me to an- nounce that he is paired with the Senator from PennsylvaRin f-Mr Cameron]. .• >- • Mr. 8AULSBURY. I have announce<l mv i)air with the Senator from Michigan [Mr. Ferry]. I fmasfcr the pair with the Senator from Michigan to the Senator from Nevada [.Mr. Fair]. Mr. ROLLIN.*^. I underst.'uid the Senator from Nevada [Mr F vie] IS paired with the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. Saunder.s]. Mr. 8AULSBURY. I consulted the Scnat*^ from Caliloraia [Mr Farley]. "■ , ' Mr. FARLEY. It wa-s announced yesterdav evening that the'sena- tor froqji Nevada [Mr. Fair] was paired with his colleainie fMr Jo.VES]. "^ Mr. SAUIiiDUKY. If that is the case I withdraw the announcement of the transfer. " Mr. ROLLINS. It is a permarient pair arranged lx?tween the two oenators from Nevada. \ Mr. SAULSBURY. Then I donoi^vote, observing my pair with the Senator from Michigan. s o .- r- The result was announced— yeas Sl.^ys 2.V. as follows: Barrow, Bayanl. HOOK, Okotden. OockrvU. Ooke. Aldrirh. AlliM>n. Blair. *>Mne>ron of Win. Ooojeer. Davis of ni.. . IMWteii, Parley, Garland. Oroomf . II»mp«oa, IUrr&. - Prye. Hale, H»m»on, n*wle>-. Hoar, I>aphain. I.<o({an, YK.\S— 2S. Inf«lls. Jaokaon, .Tones ot FluriUa, Antbonjr, Brown, Butler. CUI, Owneron of Pa.. l>«vi«of W. Va., Edniuii(L->, ?Wr. Maxey. Morgan, NAYS— 25. JtfcDill. McMillan, McPhemon. Miller of Cai.. Miller of N. Y.. Morrill. Piatt. .VBSEXT-28. Jonei* of XcvadM. KellofCK. Mabone, Mitclieil. Plumb, Haulabur>-. Haunden, Pendleton, Pugh, Ranaom, HIater. Vance. KoiliiiB. Sawyer. Sherman. Tabor. Sowell. Van Wyek, Vert. Voorheea, Walker, WMlianM, ^.Windom. 5y striking out the Oorman. Orover, Hill. Johnston. Jonaa. 8o the amendment was rejected. Mr. HARRIS Mr. I»reeident, I move to ameuu uysinamgoui me language indicated in my two former amendments and inserting In lieu thereof the Unguage that I heretofore proposed to insert, var>ing it ^K ; i!"i 0-"'"''.°?^' '^^ ' P""^!^ ^^ I^'" ^nt- "«t^ of 3,",. I think that both a, and 40 are higher than we ought to have gone, but I would f^f rr K-. f^7*Jore™ ™t^ at 40 per cent to the present provis- ZTil l\l\i I ,1 ^^T^""^ *"**"•* ^^^ amendment as the last prop- osition that I shall make upon that question. ™, iLV^'^'^"'l^ I trust tliat will not he done. It would be too much S«!^ ♦i!!*'"?^^^^*^ °*** *'~*"«^ **'^ the higher grades, and it would ctiange the whole character of the form of the biU Mr. BECK I have only one remark to make. These ^ Oien^lves when they were k« able to stand reduction ihLfnowTir posed to re<luoe aU this class ef goods 80 per mmL Th^LmL^ZJ^ sition plain, siniple, eaaUy undenrtood; bat under this KhedilrlSi the^er grades are reached the peroentaw is agreatdeSSSi-ThS onthelower grades, a^d when you reach g^wLwortEadolhtfaSSJIS will makeany man who brings $100 worth into this countrr naVUfl^S than they are wc^h, and every person who uses them vinUQuIm tfian they are worth, yes $50, for the distiifction is at 80^t.^!ndnot * r!i ^^* ^^^. mannfiwturere pay their i»boam only 21 ner o«it, of the results of their manufiicture. . If under tlieee cirSJirtLS 40 per ooit ad valorem is not suiBcient, it aimply means that the Tw^ ury of the United States is to be taken poas^rion of byU>«^ ^ manulacturers and every consumer in the countiy is to be taxed w* to raise revenue, but to enrich them. •«««, «»» Vennont> as he saw fit to indulge in that remark this mominjr when I made the same suggestion. ^^ ^^ I say here, so far as I am abl« to underetaod this, that it is the MMk outrageous attempt to make a raid upon the Treanuy that is cootaiMA in ttie whole list of articles in any schedule wehave WIcaMideieTS i« 40 per cent will not satisfy these people then they ma not be niririlSl ""if* rf ^.nr^'ir *l'^™ ^^ ^^y '^^ '^*'«' pretense of getting kaiL Mr. ALDRICU. I regret, sir, that the whole of yerteiS^'TW c-t-edingsarenot oontamed in tlus mornings KboosS to confirm the statement that m the schedule of rates on tine yams mbmitted btthe ?J5t^*^"*" **^ ^« y»™8 *« the Committee of Waya and Means in ltf78 the rates were greater than they are in the bill now before the Senate. The statement was given by me to the Reporter last night, bat unlortunatcly does not appear in this morning's Recx)rd .Mr. BECK. I ask the Senator to allow me Mr. ALDRICH. The Senator will permit me to go on Mr. BECK. The schedule fumishe<l by General Banks on cotton thnauls, yams, &c., was a reduction of 20 per cent ad valorem Is not that the true schedule as presented by him at that time? Mr. ALDRICH. I presume General Banks may have made such a statement, but the schedule as presented by the manufactmrers them- selves was, as I have shown by their own fiicts and figures, crente than the rates proposed in the pending bill. It seems to me Uwk Sen- atore must misapprehend this question. And L desire to read aoia from the report of the commiasion on this subject. They say: ^"^ If the rate of duty on yams ooaUug over 80 cents— And a pound costing over 80 cents in England would be a No 100 yam, and a thread of this yam made from a pound of cotton would be alx>ut fifty miles in length. They say: If the rate of dutv on yams oostinit over 80 cents is plaoed below 80 oer cent, ad valorem, it wi 1 be impossible for the mUU now in <«e«Son tooont^SL^ nmnufaeture of these numbers, excepting at a reduotfoTto UmTwSw to SJ workinK people that will be oppTessiVe, the average ad valorem nufon Ui2 fA'^i^^TJ^irJa'^^^^iJS^ "^^ conunission .u„^ that aU thl. yaSSbS That statement has not been denied or contradicted by any Senator and any Senator who votes to rednoe the duty on this high class of yams below .50 per cent, does it with a knowledge that it will dote up the manufacture of fine yams in this country. Mr. HECK. The proposition made by the Tariff Commission can not on these grades average higher than 40 per cent, and no manufactnier found fault w ith that until the very last hour, and I deny the right of gentlemen who came before us from the House of Repreeentativeauwho are themselves personally interested in these matt0«sr-Biaoafiu^i^|« themselves, the president of the assoc-iation, a mfenlberftetf^Uiode Ishmd. I believe that is correct, is it not? Is not Mr, Chack presi- dent or a member of that board ? / Mr. ALDRICH. I do not know to whaA boudjOie Senator alludes Mr. BECK. Some of the cotton mannfaAuren. Mr. ALDRICH. I do not know of any aiiociation. Mr. BECK. Is he a cotton manuiacturer' Mr. ALDRICH. He is. Mr. BECK. Did he not come before the committee? Mr. ALDRICH. No, sir. * - . Mr. BECK. Did he not appear before our committee? *J''-^LDRICH. No, sir; he appeared before the sub-committee. Mr./BECK. That is the same thing; that sub-committee controlled It. I deny tlfe right of any man, however reputable he may be. who is ' p<>rsonally interested in that business, to come and advise a committee as to what they ought to do in mattere that concern himadf and pat money in his own pocket I deny the right of anv man to be a wit- ness, juror, and jndge who Ls himself personally interested, to dictate or control what legislation should be had for tlie ben^t of all the country. , » *' All the information that we had was from men who were pemonaUy interested and who desired us so to legislate :is to enrich them and to tax .W. 000, 0(H] people to en rich them. And when I and men likesMWh* have no other interest except that the consumers of this coontfy AaH receive their goods At a reasonable rate and therefore so live as to be able to work at a reascmable price, object to this high protection, we are to be told that we are working in the interest of fimilgttere, and in ) V v->' 2028 CONGRESSIONAL RECORI)— SENATE. Februaby 3,. r- PNhan I hOQO the interest of men who are breaking down indxistry. W.e •>« so told by these very men who make the propoation to pat money in their own pockets and call tbemselves patriotic when they do it. I make no reflections upon Mr. Ch ace or any other gentleman, but the men who fruued and presented this schednJeare the men who are to 1» benefited by it, and they are the men whom we are to follow when they tell us that they will h^ve to cnt down wages, when all the wages they pay are only 21 per cent, of their product, and all the wajjes they pay amoant to only $246 per annum to «ach of thefr operatives according to their own tables. A new cry is to be raisetl that il" we do not give them more than ■*<> P«" cent, and make every human being in this country Ky mo^-than 40per cent. |for what he wants more than it can be bought : in the open marketi of the world they tell us they are to be ruined, . and they will have to stars-c their laborers still more unless we give them what they aHk. Cprote*t against tliat sort of* testimonj-. Mr. A LDRICH. I should like to know whose testimony committees Of this Renate should seek if not persons who have knowledge of the matters whereof tfaey speak. Certainly if we are to take the word of Senators upon the other side they have no knowledge of this question. Now, where should they go for enlightenment? To men as ignorant M themselves, or who are interested in destroying the industries of this eou^Ky, or to men who have ftill and aornrate knowledge of the thine?) thqr are asked about? I know of no other way to obtain information than to seek it from sources where it ma^ be found from intelligent and honorable me^ who have knowledge. , Now, as to the attitude of the cotton manufacturers, justice to honor- able and deserving men requires me to say tliat they were not satis- fied with the report of the Tariff Commission, and they never expressed ■atMhetiOD. They filed protest altei protest on different portions with tiieir representatives as soon as the report was made, and this was con- tinued up to the very day before the committee made their report to the Senate. They did submit to the Rub-committee of the Committee on Finance'a schedule not in their own interest — for I deny that emphatic- ally— but a schedule which reduced the rates of the Tariff Commis- sion on an average, but left them much more equitably distributed. Now, the proposition of the Senator from Tennessee increases the duty on the lowgnules of cotton yam, but reduces it on yanw above 80 cents a pound, where they can not submit to the reduction. I appeal to Senators not to vot« for an inequitable scheme to carry ^ •al any theory which they may have upon this subject, not to increase dntiea where there is no necessity for an increase, and decrease them where there is a neoeaBi% at least of a preservation of present rates. Mr. B^K. If there is a decrease upon cotton yams up to 40 cents we have been again deceived by the Bureau of Statistics, because they f^imish us the information that the duty is 47.81 per cent , and the Sen- ator &om Rhode Island must find fault with them. Mr. ALDRICH. I will take the bill itself, which says: "Valued at not exceeding 25 cents per pound, 10 cents per pound. ' ' Of course that is just 40 per cent. Mr. BECK. There are no yams perhaps of any value below that, but the moment you go to those valued from Cio to 40 cents a pound the committee have %ade the duty 16 cents instead of 10, while the Tiftmmisruim made the rates 7| cents and 15 cents per pound instead of 10 and 16 cents as now proposed, and the present rate is 47.81 per cent on the very lowest grade. I am not going to delay a vote. I assume that the Senate is going to vote for all that the manu&ctarers want, and the men of the West an going to aid in doing it; but, as I said in the beginning, if such an oatrageoos adiednle is passed on cotton or anything else beyond what tbs manofiu^turers themselves demanded, beyond what justice re<iuires, beyond and above all the wages they pay to their operatives, I intend to take an appeal to the pec^e of this country, and have this record upon which to base that appdol, and I desire Uie yeas and nays to be called in order to do it. When gentlemen tell me we must go to interested parties and consult them, I do not want to follow their advice, I say there is no business man in the world who would do any such thing. My country is somewhat "for burses, and we have very shrewd men whodeal in them. man who had a pair of carriage bonnes to ^11, if I was acting as t for a friend who desired to buy, would be the la^t man I would go to to consult ad to the value of that pair of horses. If he knew he oould get all he asked he would charge me a thousand dolhirs, when per- hapsbe might have been offering them for $2oO. bei-ause I was fool enough toga to him and ask what he wanted an<l wIuU, he tbouglit was right; aad he io Jastas houe$it in hisdealings as the Rhode Island cotton man- They were c-ontent with what the commission had done; it more than they expected, more than they asked; but when they , Ifaond that protection for protection's sake was to be the rule, and tliat ths party controlling this Go%emment in its administration now caretl nothing for revenue as an incident, but for protection only, and were raining the clamor of foreign pauperism, and said what they wen* go- ing to do to elevate the lab(n«r, they found they could do better than thiaj expested, and they came and changed their schedtile, and now de- ■aoBoe everybody wh9 opposes it, and we are told that we have to kxA tothe men into whose pockets the money goes m the beet informed men and the men whom we oocht to follow. That may do very well in the demtiL bat when it is mderstood all over this country that the cotton thread and tfkl plain goods the people wear are to be taxed 40 per cent, and over 40' per cent. , and that the mantifacturcTB are not content with 40 per cent more than the goods' can be had in the open markets of the world, where their wheat, their com, their bacon, and their provisions have to be sold, and that they are not to be allowed to buy where they are compelled to sell, but are- to enrich a few men in Rhode Island and elsewhere to any extent they may demand by taking money oat of the Treaaury and out of their pockets, there will be a different verdict rendered from that which may be rendered in this SenatK jilT. ANTHONY. Mr. President, the Senatorfrom Kentucky objects to receiving eyidence from the manuiacturers becanse they arc inter- ested. I think I saw him yesterday or the day before exhibiting here samples of goods from importers whom he did not know and for whom he did not vouch ; but my colleague vonches for the character of the men whom he quotes here. The Senator from Kentucky showed sam- ple after sample of goods ti^ he received from importers whom he said he knew nothing about anBwhom he could not vouch for. Mr. BECK. I showed what they said were the facts as to the ad va- lorem, and I handed those samples to any gentleman to deny the fitcts. I have as much faith, as I said, in my bor^e-trader as you have in your cotton manufacturer, but I would not begin to oonsult him if I wanted to boy a pair of horses as to what the horses were worth any more than I would consult the cotton manufacturer of Rhode Island as to WhatJ^ thought he ought to have in the shape of protection. Mr. .\NTHONY. But "the Senator can have faith in the importer though he can not in the manufacturer. Mr. BECK. I can have faith in the facts the importer furnishes me unless the Senator from Rhode Island can deny the facts. I laid the samples of goods befor^im and their statement of facts, and he was as dumb as an oyster; and if those facts are true as fumi.she*! to me, then the proposition now made is an outrageous proposition. Why, so far from interested men being allowed to dictate legislation, the rule of the House of liepresentatives prescribes that no man shall vote upon a' proposition where he has a direct personal or pecuniary interest in the event of the question. And yet men who are not. allowed to vote by the rules of the House are allowed to control the framing of bills, t^l we are told that they ore the best men to dictate bow much money shall be given them. I deny it. Mr. BAYARD. Mr. President, I do not object in the least to ob- taining information from any <^narter aiid every quarter, and I think that the Senator from Rhode Island did not discriminate between the , right of a man to be a witness and the right of a man to be a judge in his own cause. If I desire information upon a subject of niunnf;Kture I agree I can not do better than go to the highly intelligent and suc- cessful manufacturers of Rhode Islander the other Kew^Englaml States and leam from them the results of their .e^f^eflNice. 1 shall be very glad to do so. I shall hear them with respect and give respect to their opinions. That Ls not the question here. The question before the peo- ple of this,'COuntry is very different. It is ^{^ether or not persons who are members of either House have a right to vote directly on their own. interest The question is not whether they are credible witnesses and capable of giving information, but whether a man has a right to brinf^ his private business into the halls of legislation and arrange the lawsof this country and its taxing power so as to make him a ri<ber man by bis own vote. That is the question, and that question Ls one that I simply stand here to reprobate and to denounce wherever that shall occur. • I will not speak «f the present Congress, botr^I have heard of men in Congresses gone by. I have no objection to stating one particular case. In 1870 or 1871 or 1872 an advance was made upon the duty on steel and stejcl rails. It was advanced to $2H a ton. I have heard it stated — and gentlemen who arc here present, and perhaps the Senator from Rhode Island might then have been a member of the House — that the three per- wns under whose intl6ence that law was passed combined and held the .American patents on the Bessemer^teel process, and that when they laid that tax they placed large fortunes in their own pockets, under the guLse of executing a public trust and a public power. The fatt was so publi.shed, so repeated that I can not doubt its truth, that three of the holders and controllers of the Bessemer potent in this country were the chief premiers Of the advance of the tax, which was simply a methatT of enriching\hemselves by the execution of a trust What cught>io have been a public power was perverted into a private l>enefit There is a distinction, 1 submit to theSenator from Rhode Island, be- tween his suggestion that he would go for information to those most fitted to give and give it fully. I will go to him with great pleasure and I will listsn with great respect He has been appealed to con- Ktantly in the Chamber, and very properly, because his familiarity with the line of legislation under discussion lendeiB him more fit peculiarly fit to inform us; but that is not it. I will not suppose for a moment, nor do I suggest it that the Senator from Rhode l.sland acts otherwito than purely as an hoooiable and a representative man in this matter. There has been DO BOggestion to the contrary and I do not think there will be; hot nevertheless the American people can not be too quickly mado awaie of the danger of the proposition that a man baa a right to stand } 1883. CONGRESSIONAL BECORD— SENATE. 2039 in either Hall of Oongreaa and advocate his peistmal interests under the pretense and guise of governing the country for the benefit of alL , That I do deny, and I say that popular opinion can not too soon reach such cases and put an end to them. If nothing else can do it, I hope that public indignation may instruct us as to what ought to be done. M. ALDRICH. I agree with very much that the Senator from Dela- ware has said, and whenever a question arises in this Irady in which I have a personal interest, either directly or indirectly, I tnist I may be found as sensitive as the Senator from Delaware in attempting to in- flnenoe the action of the Senate either by my voice' or my vote. Mr. B.WARD. I have no doubt of it It is quite impoMible for me to disclaim more thorotighly than I have the slightest amggittaoQ to the contrary. J Mr. ALDRICH. I nave not and never have had the slightest per- sonal interest in any nnnufitcturing industry either in my own State or elsewhere, but as I tmdcrstand my duty here as a representative of my people in the Senate, I should be forgetful of my highotst obligations if I did Dd^^o the extent of my ability sustain and preserve the interests of my ^tate and the interests of l>er people. This I have ever tried to do in my humble way, and my efforts in this direction shall not cease as long as I remain a member of this body. Mr. BECK. Will the Senate allow me to say a word to him in the same line? Mr. ALDRICH. Certainly. Mr. BECK. So far as the Senator is concerned, I not only have de- fianed to him, but I have referred everbody to him, and have re^;arded him as not only a true representative of his {people, but I have publicly and privately said that he knew more about the subject than anybody else, and I admire the earnest activity with which he stands up; but that does not make me agree with him. That is all I have to say. Mr. ALDRICH. All I desire to say in regard to the persons who oame before the sub-committee is this: They were honorable and in- telligent gentlemen, with thorough knowledge of the business in which they are engaged, and in so far as their views were entitled to the favor- able consideration and adoption of the committee they should l>e ac- e^ted. I agree that we should Hcan closely the stitements of inter- ested parties in all cases, whether their vie%\-s agree with ours or not;> own livelihood by her daily toil; you are taxing unnecessarily the bat we should try to extract from their experience whatever of value it contains. In a matter of this kind we must depend for information upon interested persons, and we should be influenced to some extent in our judgment of the value of the information by the character of these persons. Mr. BEX^K. One word and I am done. In the perhaps not very ek<gant comiiarLsou I made between the horse-tradcns of my State with, the totton manufacturers of Rhode Island I meant exactly what ^ 8enator now says. If I want to ascertain exactly what horses ankor cotton goods are I woidd go to those men. I would go to the hoi trader to ascertain the age and quality of a pair of horses, and I know they will tell me precisely what they are, but when I go to set the price they are the very last men I would go to, so I will get the facts as to what the^oods are from the manufacturers, and then I will look further to determine the >alue. Mr. SAUL^BURY. Mr. President perhaps there is no schedule in this bill in which the people are more generally interested than this schedule which covers all manufactures of cotton. There is not a man, woman, or child in the country but what is compelled to ase these cot- ton goods, and therefore I make no apology for appearing here in be- half of the great body of the people of the country to protest against any taxation which is higher than is necessary on these goods. I should have been glad to see the first amendment offered by the Senator fh>m Tennessee [Mr. Haebis] adoptetl, which proposed to put a tax of 30 per cent ad valorem on these good.s. I should have l>een glad when that tailed to have seen the amendment proposing 3.3 per cent adopted; but that too has been rejected; and now the proposition is pending to give the manufacturers of cotton goods 40 per cent ad va- lorem; and yet that is resisted and the claim set up that it is not suf- ficient prote^^n for the manufacturers of cotton goods. Why, sir. There were 1310,000,000 worth of cotton goods manufact- ured in this country in 1880. At 40 per cent there would have been more than ^80,000,000 paid by the consumers in the enhanced price by reason of duties upon cot ton goods, upon the $210,000,000 worth of cotton goods manufiM:tnred in this country. That amount went into the pockets of the manufacturers of those goods. By astatement which I foimd ac- companying the report of the Tariff Commission I find there was a profit of $51,000,000 made by the manufacturers of cotton- goods over and above the wages paid to their employes and the cost of the material they nsed; and yet it is insisted that this high rate shall be kept up. A year ago on all sides of this Cliaml»er and in every portion of the oountrj- it was admitted that we were collecting far more revenue out of the people than ought to be raised. I remember that the Senator from Ohio [Mr. Shesman] at the very last session of Congress stated that we could reduce the revenue from sixty to sevtnty-five million dollars. But now when we come to consider "the question of taxation, when one of the most important items, io which everybody in the oountxy is ooncemod, is before the Senate for consideration, the claim is put up that we must continue the high rate of taxation on these cotton goodto which under the existing tanff pay a rate of 47 percent duty, and they want to keep up that high rate on this great claas of goods when there was a demand last year on all sides that we oii|[^t to reduce taxation and relieve the pe(^le fromi the burdeiM imposed upon them. Why, sir, there is no item in the whole tariff-list in which so many people are interested as in the tax npon oottoa goods. There is ml a single man, woman, or child in the country bat what k to be affeetod by your k^islation on this item; and if there is anythii^ on earth that ought to be reduced so that everybody might have some share of relief from your legislation it is the goods mentioned in thia aehednle. Sir, I enter my protest now oad here against the ooaliaaation of this high rate of taxation npon these goods. I would rather have it 25 per cent, than any other figure. I believe that that would afford suffi- cient revenue for the oottntry from these articles, and at the same time that it would grant all the protection to the cotton interest which it re- quires. Sir, the raw material is at our door. We compete with t^ English mills, but they are compelled to send to us and buy our r^ material, pay the cost of transportation to England, manufacture if^ there, send thegoods here again at another additional cost, and then Xhej come burdened with the oommissions and costs and charges of the eaa- tom-house and with the profit charged by the importing merchants be- fore they come in contact with the goods manufhctured in this country. Do you tell me that a higher rate of duty than the per cent proposed by this amendment is necessary? No, sir. I shall, perht^is, vote for this amendment, becnuse it is a reduction from the existing rata, aad is the best that can be obtained; but I protest that 40 per cent M en- tirely too high upon this class of goods; it is too mudi money to extract from the people of this country. It affects every class alike; it affects the poorest man or woman in the country as well as the richest. I am in favor, therefore, of reducing the duty on these goods which enter into the consumption by every person to the very lowest minimum which is proper and right Put your tarifT npon yotir silks and your velvali if you see proper. If ladies choose to adorn themselves in that kind of goods I have no objection if they are able to do it; but you are taxing the poor girl who works in the fiactory or in your kitchen and earns har K'who earns his livelihood by the sweat of his brow by imposing these high duties for the purpose of adding to the riches of the capitalists of the cpuntry. H^ t^e people understand that the other side of this Chamber on this whjolgTariff schedule havelieen fighting, not for the interest of the body of ihe people, nor for revenue for the Government, but for the interest ol/ihe capital of the country engaged in manufiKturing industries. T^a people ought to understand it and must understand it, and I hope th^ verdict will come up pronounced in more emphatic jt^lggjl^nt than it was at the last election, and say to you Senators on the other side of Chamber, and to your party, " You have been weighed in the bal- ance and found wanting," and by that verdict pronounce the "siaie, siene, tekeV* of your overthrow in these halls of l^islation. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Kentucky anked for the yeas and nays on the amendment Is there a second? 'The yeas and nays were ordered. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the amendment of the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. Harris], which is the same as the two preceding amendments offered by him. with the exception of 40 per cent, ad valorem as the rate. The Principal I^egislative Clerk proceeded to call the rolL Mr. JONAS (when his name was called). On this question I am paired with the Senatorfrom New Jersey [Mr. SewkixJ. IT he wen present I should vote "yea." Mr. PLUMB (when his name was called). On Uiis question I am paired with the Senator from Missouri [Mr. Vest]. Mr. SAULSBURY (when his name was called). I am paired with the Senator from Michigan [Mr. Fekby]. If he were here, I ahoold vote "yea." Mr. WILLI.\MS (when his name was called). I am paired with the Senator from Nevada [Mr. JoxuJ. If he were here, I ahoold mta "yea." • The roll-call was concluded. Mr. EDMUNDS. I am paired with the Senator from Arkanmi [Mr. Garland]. If he were presmt, I should vote "nay." .Mr. C.\MDEN. I desire to announce that my colleague [Mr. DATn» of West Virginia] is paired with the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. Windom]. If my colleague were here, he would vote "yea." The result was announced — ^yeas 25, nays 26; as follows : YEAS— 25. jMckaon. flalMr, JohnalOB, Vanoe, Ijmmmr, Van wrak. Maxey, Voorfa— a, Hmrrimom, H»wtor. Boar, Barrow, FMley. Bayard. Oeoive, Beck, Oroome, Call. Ororer, Camd«n, Hampton, CockreU. HaiTM. Coke, W Aldrich, Blair. Alliaon. OBineron otJ/fim. ( KAYS-a Da Fry*, HaU, .|miin[ 1 I. Ill 3030 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATE. Febbuaby 3, 1883. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATE. \:s&. MOtarorCkl.. Minor oTN.T. Hhwmaii, Tabor. Vtml. Walker. WUllfiAW, Windom. i MorrlU. Piatt. BoUina. Sawyer, \B8ENT— 25. Mj-«k. J— ef Florida, ^K' '*"• '— i«rfW«Tada, SeweU, So the amendment was rejected. iiJJ'' ^^^* ^ "^^* *** ''^* <*'** "1®" a°<l insert ' 7^" in line 11^ 1 dCBOe to present, in other words, the schedule of the Tariff Uommuwon, which everybody seemed to be satisfied with and which keeps up the Ime of the specific rate upon an ad valorem, which een- tlemen are so determined upon, ily amendment is to strike out " 10 " ^.^^ "I' " ^^ " ^^ **** proposed by the Tariff Commi»ion on tnat class of goods. «i-TS! l3Ff^£^\F^ ''^?^- ^« qn«8tion is on tho amendment of the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. Bbck]. Mr. HARRIS. Let us have the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered. ™I; ^^rwJi^ ^ ^. ^*^**™ ^« ^o*« " *^«» that this is the ^ K 15^^^^ Commission that nobody complained of, and no- nS?^ ^ "^ST *~ ^**^' *°*^ ^^« ^^^ introduced by the Seiiitor from which U^^Bo&cturers themselves declared was satisfactory to them S ?rf'«^/^^^'''' ^"^ proceeded to call the roll Mr. VAN WYCK (when his name was caUed). On thi.s amendment }SS?ttr'?'y2!'^"**"^''"™''''^^f*''*'^««^^ Mr. WILLLViLS (when his name was called) I was n&irvid with theSe^tor from Nevada [Mr. Jonk«]. I have trin^M^^^T^^^ to the Senator &om Maryland [Mr. Gorman] and I votT^ea^' ^ The roll-call was ooncladed. '' SljWKLL] . If he were present, I should vote " yea. " The result was announced— yeas 25, nays 28; as fallows: ^'EAS— 25. Jonea of Florida. iMauur, Mmxnj, Moraan, P«ndleta«i. P«i«ti, Raaaom, Barrow, OUl, Ooke. rariejr. lieorge. Oroome, Orover, Hampton, Jaekaon. Johnaton, Hlater. Vaooe. Voorbeen, WiUiaoM. Aldrieh, ' Alliaon. Anthony, Blair, fTawwoaofWia.. Srljrofni., Brown. BuUer. OuMeroQofPa., Cockiell. Dariaof W. Va.. Hide. Harriaoo, Hawley, KeUon. Lapham, Kerry, a«u-laad. Gomuui, HiU, Hoar. logaUa, •loaas. XAY»-a5. Logan, McDill. McMillan, Miller or Okl., Miller of N.Y., Mitoiiell, Morrill. ABSKKT-25. Jonea of Nevada, McPtterHSi, Mahone, ^ Plumb. : '* Kaulsbury, Saunders, Sewell, Itatt RoUins, Sawyer, Sherman. ;rabor. Van Wyck, Veat, Walker. Windom. before "cents' I douot F*lr. So the amendmeat was rejected. Mr. BECK. On line 1127, 1 move to strike out " 16 and insert '^ 15; " 80 as to r^: Aad Mi ezeewUnflr 40 cent* per pound, 15oent« per pound. Tbat ii.tiw Tariff Commission report. ♦kJJv jf ^^IS?' u?,^""® °** objection to that amendment ^ J.pi^'J^.r^'^'^*^ ^ nuike* contest over it. «r Jk il * r ^J"* tf^pore. The question is on the amendment of^he^^nator from Kentucky [Mr. Btti] to strike out ' • t? '^d *n- The amendment was agreed ta "»"^*^^ ^° "°* ^**^' ^ "***^* *** ""^^"^ <>°* "-22" and insert M^ ALDRICU. I have no objection to that Tbe amendmoit was agreed to. Mr. BECK. In line 1131, I move to strike out "27" and insert •♦-So. »» The amendment was agreed to. •ert " »5^* ^'*^' ^ ^^ *^^' ' "*'^* *** ''^'^ oat " 35 " and in- Mr. FRYE. That will not do. •• Mr. AJLDRICH. That is too much reduction. If the Senator-will make it 33 cents I will agi«e to it Mr. BECK. I will my 32. Mrr^ALDRICH. Make it 33. Mr. BECK. I do not want to go above the report; but I know how heliH^j^ am and I want some reasonable reduction. Mr. ALDRICH. I will acwpt 33. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator fitMn Kentucky offer his amendment at 33? Mr. HAWLEY. This is not a common dicker in a oalit-o store at s cross-road, but it is a question of success or failure someUmes in a great bn^ness where they would be very happy to get an eighth of a cent a yard profit. It looks Hke a pretty thing to make a joke of, but it is sometimes very seriou-s. Mr. ALDKICFI. Thirty-three cents will be the same proportion of reduction as on the other itents. 1 am willing to coMent to that, thouirh it ought not to be done. ' * Mr. BECK. I do not ask anything unreasonable. I have made the proposition. I should Uke to t«st the sense of the Senate on the Tariff r"nPu * ^P?^ °^ ^ ^^ ^f *^« ^^^-^ Of t»»« ««nat« is against me I shall be glad then to have 32, because I think the rate* are hi«h enough m the report of the commission. The PRESIDENT/^ro t^pore. The question is on the amendment ^it "a}"^ Kentucky [Mr. BkkJ to strikeout "35" and in- ilr. ALLISON. I hope the Senator from Kentucky will accept the suggestion of the Senator from Rhode Island. ^ Mr. HARRIS. If he shall I will move to amend the amendment Md make it 3(). I want the Hen* of the Senate on the 30 cents propo- t^iS'f/th^^S^- r. ^'^'^' "''" -'''•*'^' ' '^*"* *** '^y «°* ^o^l ^'^ '^ ^^.■ .u Jfr^a,^'*.'^.'^'**^" ^^^ "PO° ^^ ««tton schedule. The truth IS that the Tariff Commission did not examine this cotton matter JLathi, °^^.^1 "^t" ^ '*''^ "" ^^^ ^*'" »'■ ^^^ ^nate; nor did they make this schedule that is called the Tariff Commission rej^ort schedule It was made by a i«ottou manufacturer from Boston, with an expert ai>l f^r '^^h^'^ V?' "^^ ^^^ '^^"ff Commission accepted it. W^ SfriffT'"^*^ °^ '^^ '^'^ *=*°^« to me, I had no porticShir faith in tS lanfftommi.<«ion report on this cotton schedule, and therefore I ex- ?StT,^nl";^b '•'""'^ 'ormj^lf, hearing the witn«ses, S^ng the Mr. M.\XEY. I ask the .Senator from Iowa if they would renort on rio^S"'.^ '""^"^''^ ^ ^^' ~*^«° manufacture ^irhout i^^S^^ tPritL !l '^l *'^°"°?tion 0° their port, on tie testimony of ^ tererted Parties, how much Is their report worth on anything?^ Mr. ALLISON. I do not choow to express my opinion of their re- port on anything els.-; but I say that Seiitom niy take up tbe^ tIS S^^l tr"" ?I ^^f^'^^^J'. *»<» "• they can find iny t«tim^th^ Srimonv Tlf^]?^.**^^'"." "" ?^°^ ^*' ' ^^^^ ^^^ to find tSS t^imony. I know that Mr. Fn-mh, the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, made certain suggestions about this cotton scSduk^the m! ^s^s:\iriJ:^^"'^r^' ^j^" Bugg^^ioaJr^t this^tSS Co^H Ih. ?n P?^" ]^ ^^"^ ^""'^^ ""^'^ «« ^™old. Constable & 2i;5;fe b„V^r'^'"'"r^l°"°"^'' '^'^^°««^'onsab;>utthisco?to^ J^m ?n w^ manufacturer engaged in this great industry do not J^^th fiT^^"*^*^^**'* the Tariff Commission at all. llrB^?m- Sf^'ilorem ''^'S^ - '"' '"'^'^i ''•^' '^« ^"^^^^ f^"' Tcnn«S, an^Sloiir^H^f ^^fPP'^'-'*'^ 'n New York city all recommended Snt rennca^ proposing a scale from 40 toW per 10 c^n^n thTLt /tl K ^ i:'"'"'^ '*• '*»** ^or a reduction below ♦K vr u . '**'"' '^here he moves for 7i instead- hnt T thint he« higher ^« of yam ought not to be redu^^oX «me eS^t oX^^i^g ai,?ercj;rjr-n5^ i?4i?e^a; TroUiitThS £7r:.\^s;srmr;i'jnVr-^ Mr. BECK. How much? Mr Bp/i^^'; ^u^W'r' "*^ ^•^""'" -Mr. tsht. K. On all above 60 wnLs* except for ,he fi>c, Uu.X T„iff Cot^£„'^^.'^J^^''« ?" ease. That is one of the difBculties I imvc had all along. So^^ truth is coming out litUe by litUe. The Senate will observe that this schedule IS now 61.59 per cent, the highest of all under the present rates of duty, and that is 30 cents a pound and 20 per cent, ad valorem The comiuKssion make it '30 cents a pound, striking ofl" the 20 per cent' ud valonni, and the commission at lea*«t had the proposition which the cotton manuiacturere themselves had Liid before the oommiseion in these words: that on fctton thread, yams, &c., the taking off of the 20 per cent ad valorem was the reduction they asked. I propose to leave them the .kJ c-cnts a pound that they have now, and the 30 cents a pound the «t>miuimion allowed them, which is 61.59 per cent, and strike off the duty of 20 per cent, ad valorem as they themselves pwiwsed, and that leaves still over 50 per cent. .i.^'4^' y^^^^ -^ to the suggestion of the Senator from Iowa, that the Tariff Commia.sion did not give any attention to the subject of cot- ton, I want to read what they say about it themselves in regard to the very pangraph under consideration: ,J^J'?°f^'"^ "","'? ***** "**' '* *»*" '"•^^ inquiry from the leadiiin wtton- .O^^JiJ^f^fS!^"'" "^'J"= t>ouulr> . which ha. rculted in briu»i,»K out tCfiSt il'^i-^^"^e;'viJ!L.""°""* *;** "*'"" **'.***'^ •''~' "^"''^ '" •p""''S So it seems that if they are to be tnisted they did make inquiry from the leadmg spinners of cotton around the countr>-. Mr. ALLISO.V. If the Senator from North Carolina will just take the trouble to unfold the volumes that he has under his desk and give us the testimony with relVrenrr to this subject 1 shall l>e much oblnred to bim. ^ *?'■ Y^?£^ ' **** "*** ^^"^"^ ^^^ ^ ^™ "^^^ °Pon to do that *K .^Ju'^^^'^^'v ^ "" reminded by the Senator from Kho<le IsUnd that they say m their report— I will not take time to look at it— that no mannlacturers of yam appeared Iwfore them rJJi^f \'k^^2^ ,"^' ^^/.^«'y do say that, .ind thoy say wlmt 1 have read to the Senate. So it is the suggestion of the St^nator from Iowa iigainstthestatementoftheTariff CommLssion. It only shows, I think ^u ,'',?;,V'.?^* ™"'"^ *^^P*'"*'*'°^ to l>e put in that commission The I'KIvSIDlN(] OFFICER (Mr. Ho.\k in the chairPT?,e ques- tion ls on the amendment of the Senator from Kentucky [Mr LeckI Mr. ALDRICH. I call for th* yea.s and nays ^ ^ -"• pi^^e^to'^cfluSroT"'"'"^'^"' thclVind,.! legislative Clerk MoVfromN>wSX'[MrS^E%"SL^ I am paired with the Sen- Mr. PLUMB (when his name was caIlo<I). I am wired with th*. Senator from Missouri [Mr. Vest]. ^ ^ Mr. DAWES (when Mr. Ran.som'.s name was caUcd). The Senator from North Oirol.na [Mr. Ransom] and the Senator from lUiSoi^Mr I »AMsj are paired. ■■ *K^t' '*^-J^I^BURY (when hl.s name was oallwl). 1 .am paired with the Senator from Michigan [Mr. Febby]. • i«jn-«i wiin The rollK-all was conclude*!. Mr. MORHII L. My colleague [Mr. Edmixdm] is paired with the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. Garland] i*" ^ ^un me The result wa-* announced— yeas 25. nays i'.: as follows: 2031 andiMert U'«i£F^"- lahallnotoltjecttothat Mr. BECK. I move, in line 1135, to strike out "40' The PRESIDING OFFICER. Tbe Question ih^-. tK- ^ of the Senator from KentuckTiMr B^ *** •mendment The amendment was agreed to Mr^LLl^T^ IX'^'^'^^^P?;^' ^Pe'<«»t. •d valorem^ \\l' Rpni T * ^y P« <*°^ wottld be satisfactory to me. Mr. BtCK. I now propose to strike out, in line 1 136 " and not e> oeeiing$lperpom,d,50centsper pound; valued at ov« fl ^pSJ^d^' Valued »t over SO wnU per pound, M per cent ad ralorem. Mr. ALDRICH I hope the Senator fVom Kentucky will allow the bill to remain as It is. Thereisnosubrt^itial diffemice, ajKi ti^J» a specific rate np to a dollar a pound crenws, ana ii makes thJS! ^'«*^I»I-^;i' OFFICER. The onertionisoothe amendmentof the Senator from Kentucky [Mr Bbck] "«iwiuineni oi a new Tr^meit''"" ""* 7^* ""^ ^"'^ «^ ^^'^<^' »»»*» ^his b Mr. ALDRICH. I should prefer to make it 48 cents a pound sue- cihc, making the same reduction. ^ ^ ^^ SS9S- ^**7 '*«"• ^^t it be 48 cents a pound The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator C^entucky modifies his amendment. It will be read as modified '^'^«»"CKy moaines The AcTiNo Sbcrctaby. The proposed amendment is in line 1137 to strike out 'fiAy " and insert "forty^^t;" so as to road- Valued at over 80 cents per pound, 48 cents ad valorem. The items from line 1139 to line 1164 were reiki, as foUqws: On all cotton cloth not bleached dvf«d «nlr>Mwi ^.i».^ » . j On all cotton cloth not bleached dvfil«!lV«rHJ-r S^^ T^^ «c>e<xli„g one hundre,! »nd*^^rexiSS'jiThun^ t^ T*. '*''"*^' ineh. countiDK the warp and flUin«.TS^5 i^r Jq^J^art ^IfhL^*^ ?*"*?* per^-quareyard; ir'iy^,^U^M^n^,^l'SSX^^:?^^!it:::^l^^ ii^':S'T:iXrornSAtii/:'e^!;SiiH^^^ Harrow, Rajrard, Beck, out Oamden. <>>Ke, Aldrieb. Allteon. Anthony, BUir, ^^ Dawea. is.. UwMve, Oroome, Orover, Hampton. llama, Ingalls, Jackson, Ftye, Hale, ilarriaon, Hawley, Hoar. VKAS— ». Johnston, Jones of FMorida. Brown, Butler, Oimeron of Pa OockreJl, D»vtoofW. V*.. Edmunds. Fmir, Kerry, OarUuid, Oorman, Hill. • Jonaa, Maxey, Morsan, Pendleton. Puuh. XAVS-25. A McDill, f McMillan. McPtienoB, Miller of CU., Miller of N. v., MHebell, Morrill, AB8ENT-3G. Kellosx. Mahone, Plumb, Ranaom, Saulabury, Haundem, Slater, Vance, Voorbeen, Williama. Piatt, Rolliiui. Hawjrer, Tabor. Sierman. VanWjrok, Vei*, Walker. Windom. Jonea of Nevada, Hewelj, So the amendment was agreed to. Se5itnr"fl^i^J''^' ^"^"'"^i* «« the Senator from Rhode Liland and the ni!"- ^LDRICH. I shaU not object to tliat The amendment was agreed to. am^iI^t^«£J^l ^® next item ought to be 38 cents instead of 40, if I JTs^S. • ""*** '^' ""^"^ ^ '^^ ^^<^^ being »n ad.We t^K^n ♦S?fS'\:* ' **"?"'•* H^^ ^ ^^' *b« Senator from Rhode Ishuid ex- ^ Mr ^TVimpPw "T; • ^' i* ^ .*°"*~*' *>^ -^^^ does it mean ? Air. ALiUiaCH. It IS not an increase. Mr. BECK It is a new clause, and I am not able to fkirlv catch its T'^^LDRl^ff '^;&^V*'" .^" **." ™ *^« ««"«^ of 'tCp^ro'^S^''* . *Jr. ALDRICH. The intention of the proviso is to apply only to the high-pnced cotton goods to prevent a wr^ng classiflcaffi We have h^^ T^*^ "^^ continumg that classification of three hundred four -^JS^i' ' *^** Prov^.w that above a certain price they shall pay JS^'SSn c™S«. '' " '°*^°'^ *^^PP'^ merely to the ve^ry highS? All ooUon goods not included in the fore«oliiK.ohedule, 35 percent, ad valowfc en?!i11ir^^ " irtended to cover that class of goods which in tiis pres- ent schedule are phioed at 35 per cent ad >-alorein. AI r. ALDRICH. But the Senator will find that the dassiikfttioo has l>«en very greatly reduced. The present hiw only appUes to goodsover J^^u^c^Vro'an^d r2°^- ^' ^^^^ ^ ^"^ l/thrpr^enfSJf?;? Mr. BIXK. The reason I call attention to that now is, that there is a very small importaUon of goods under the head of "aU cotton eoods n?«?oS !? "*,'^? foregoing schedule," amounting to only the Sune of $3,234 the duti^ collected on which amoi/nted to $1,131.90. and the next items in the schedule have been incieled from 35 to 40 and 45 per cent ad valorem, except the smaller one of stockings, hose, half-hose &c, made on frames, left at 35 per cent ^jt^i^lorem^ ^ ' Air. ALDRICH. I intended to propose to the Senator from Ken- tucky, not that I thmk the manufacturers would be Mtisfied with it— perhai* they cannot stiuid it— to reduce " manulactmw of cotton not ^?r^r?u™''1*^.,?"''"v**"' to 35 per cent, as it is now. Air. tit.(.K. Is that the one we are now on ? fiJ™ ^^^l^"- ?^°' ^^ is ^"^^^^ '*<*'^°' b°t i' includes all maoa- ^^T 1 ^IT °<l,'»P«»»ny enumerated or provided for in the clause from Ime ll.J to 1177. I desire to make this bill as nearly aatisfectorr to the Senator as I can. . Mr. BECK. I know that My desire was not to increase it al>ov« tne present rate, and on this class of eoods not to deciTMe it below the present rate. . r , ■'■-f-^.-^y r !i I 2032 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATE. Febeuaby 3, In other words, wherever 40 or 45 is here named where 35 exists now, I fdioold be willing, as it is tho best that can be done, to lot the present law of 35 per cent, ad valorem stand. Here is an increase to 40 per cent, ad yalorem on this line. I desire to make it 35. Mr. ALDRICII. Bnt the change of classification will equalize that^ TIm only change Uie Senator would desire to make woald be, I think, ia the eleven hondred and seventy-sixth line, applying to the large dHi of goods "all manniactaree of cotton not specially enumerated or ntoTided for, of whaterer material composed, 40 per cent ad valorem. ^ Iikiill not refuse a motion to reduce that to 35 per cent That is the omnibos clause applying to all kinds oi manufactures. I shall willing to submit the two articles of line hosiery and cotton lace to % vote of the Senate without further discussion. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does theSenator from Kentucky pro- pose any amendnient? Mr. BECK. I do not like to propose an amendment without under- standing it The bill has simplitied these matters a good deal. What I desire to get at is this: With stockings, hose, &c , 33 per cent ad va- lorem, from line 1165 to 1/68, I am content From there down to line 1184, on those three clnnses now 45, 40, and 45, I desired vote of the Senate on a proposition to place them at 35 perx«nt If the clause w» are now acting on, in line 1 164, is the same class of goods as those now placed at 40 per cent. , making a discrimination by allowing them to go at 40 per oent when I sought to make the others 35 per cent , I would wish to test the sense of the Senate on a proposition to reduce this rate to 35. Mr. ALDRICU* I have said that the proviso would not increase the dnti^ on that particular class of goods. Mr. BECK. Then I offer no amendment to it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The reading of the bill will be pro- ceeded with. The paragraph from line 1165 to line 1168 was read, as follows: Onatookincs. hoM, tutlf-hose, shirts, and drawers, and »n goods made on knit- ting inacbin««or framea, ooiupucied wholly uf outtou, and not herein otberwiite prorided for, 35 per cent, ad valort^tn. The piiragraph from line 1169 to Kne 1172 was read, as follows: On MocUngs, boM, half-how. ahirta, and draweni, fashioned, narrowed, or shaped wholly or in part by knitting machines or frames, or knit by hand, and composed wholly of cotton, Vn per cent ad valorem. Mr. BECK. In line 11T2 I move to strike out "45" and to msert " 35;" so as to read " 35 per cent " Mr. ALDRICH. That is a point which we can not consent to. Those are the two articles of fine hosiery and cotton Lices that I think ought to be increaseil. I am willing to have 3.') percent, applied to the raanu- factures of cotton not otherwise provided for, but on these article:) of luxiu7 I appeal to the Senate that they are entitled to pay a larpiT rate of duty, and I hope the Senator will not i)ret« the amendment he now indicates. Mr. BECK. I refer always as the highest authority that I can pos- -sibly refer to, the proposition that these gentleman themselves made to Congress. lu re^^ud to shirts, drawers, hosier}-, «Sx., they say "the meaent rate of 35 per cent, a reduction of 5 per cent, ad valorem." They proposed that themselves to Congress five years ago. I am will- ing in the exigencies of thia case to allow the rate to remain at 33 par cent, ad valorem without holding them to the proposition they made of submitting to a rednction of 5 per cent a<l valorem, but they surely ean not now need any more protection than they have had; ami the proposition of increasing; it from 3o per cent, to 45 per cent., or $10 on every $10t, is a very grvat increase. Under the present rates of duty, according to the flgtiree I read yesterday, it would be an increase of $844,000 upon theee items; and I really think that, being willing to stead by the present law, when they themselves had proposed to Con- gress to submit to a reduction of 3 per cent. , making it .10 per cent. , and I think 35 per oeot., the present rate, is all they ought to ask instead of45. Mr. ALDRICH. But the Senator seems to forget that the class of goods which we are now considering is not made in this country at all has never been made here and can never be made here tinder the duty of 36 per cent The Tariff Commission, whom the Senator from Ken- tockj has shown a willingness to follow in regard to the cotton-vam dMBe, recommended 40 per cent Tho manufacturers of fine hoaierr show in a letter which I submitted yesterday the following eorapari- 1 9l wages paid abroad and here, showing the need of the additioiuil ~i aaked for: ^:x-^ Kaittinc )«>■.. KnUUavfcek.. ((eaminc KiaWii^ Saxony. .per doaen..., ..: do... ' do... ..........do... Ostte. .08 .M .M United Statea. .25 .42 Thus showing a great difference in wages. The Senator frwi Dela- •watt this morning criticised the language of these gentlemen in saying they desire this increase to secure the beginning of this industry. If these goods should continue to be imported, if the m.'uiulacture is never commenced in this country, 43 per cent, is not too large a rate on articles of luxury of this kind. If they should be correct in their belief that they can be manufactured with 45 per cent protection we shall have established an important industry for the benefit of oar own people. Afr. B.WARD. Mr. President, this is an easy way of simplifying and reducing tariff. The gentlemen most interested in this advance of duty give the following reasons for it in a communication which the honoiable Senator from Rhode Island himself read yesterday in the Senate, written from No. 60 State street, Boston, on the 20th of Jan- uary, 1883: The effect of the present rate of 39 per oent. on all kinds of cotton hosiery haa been to eaiablisli wo tirmly the manufacture of the commonest sort of tha same, to wit, hoaiery cut from a circular knit web, aewed on aewin^HiiauhliMS and presried on sbapiiig-boarda, that tbe home ma^ui xs practically sypplied. The better kinds of cotton hosiery, to wit, those ^^Von (asbioning-macbines and distingruished in the trade -fh>ai those cot, waffn, and pressed, are auppliad by importera. These better kinds can not be made In tkis oountry, because the 85 per cent. duty will not cover the extra cost of importuiK nutchinesand paying tbe skilled labor recyiiired to run them. It is, therefore, to rslahlish a new in^ntrj that the new dut^ of 45 per oent. is required. If. however. 43 per oenU^hould be proved to be inaufficieDt to establish this new industry, it will be fully needed to keep out of this market a flood of cheap-Cftshionad hoaiery now made in Germany and England, which would ruin the already established manu&cture of the com- mon out hosiery. See the effect of this. We have already a duty of 3.'> per cent upon machinery. The other day a Senator from a Southern State, my friend from Mississippi FMr. Gd^BOE], and also my friend from North Caro- lina [Mr. Van'ceJ, proposed, as the South had before it an encouraging vista of success in cotton manufxictoring, that her people sliould be al- lowed in the lack of a>pitaJ to import their machinery at a moderate rate of duty; but the answer came from the other side of tho Chamber and from gentlemen in those quartf rs \f here manufactories are well estab- lished and where they have been built op by taxation that it would be unjust, and that you shoolil not make an unequal tax favoring one hcc- tion of the country at the cost of the other. I, following that principle which I think should prevail in legislation, that there is to be no favor- itism towar^ one part of this country over another, stud I would not agree becaa<ie a thing was favorablc.to one section to vote for it for that reason; that I was willing to let raachinerj- take its proportionate place of taxation among all the other industries of the oountry. But see now wliat is required. You want an advance of from 35 to 45 per cent upon what is termed a new industry, and what Is the reason given fur it? Because tliey are obliged to import their machinery. Mr. GE0K(;E. I unileri<tood Senators on the other side to say that ctjtton machiiicrj' in this country Was so much superior to that made in England that if we were allowed to bring the English machinery in we should be very much injured. Mr. B.VYj\RD. Let us see the testimony that this New EJagland mauuli»eturer gives on that point. He says: These better kinds can not be made in this country, becauw the 35 per cent duty will not cover the extra cost of importing machines and payius the skilled labor required to run them. Whether \hcy mean to import the labor also I do not know, bnt I take it for granted that will be dene, provided there is the slightest economy to manulactnring in it It generally is done; and these two large vol- umes of testimony before the Tariff* Commission will di.-*close the fact that wherever a man chose to put his money into a business of which he was totally and absolutely ignorant, the "first thing he did was to im- port foreign labor to do that which he coidd not have done so cheaply at home. In this case the duty on this hosiery is to be advanced from 35 per cent ad valorem to 45 per cent., on the pretext that an experiment must now be tried and that these gentlemen must be paid something for the coot of importing machinery. That is not encouraging Ameii- can mechanism; that is not encouraging American labor; buto^the contrary you are to pay a tax to enable them to compete with Ameri- can labor by producing foreign machinery. It is unreasonable. I want to say one thing. I think it is pretty much out of date; I think the time has come when this advance of the burdens of taxation is about to be checke<l. I believe the tariff reform having its origin in a groundawell of public opinion that the time had come when tho American consumer was to be considered and not those who have been heretofore making their profits out of him. The proposition to raise this tix to 45 per cent is, to use the term in no improper sense, a mere 8pecul;/ion. Here are letters from the lead- ing manulacturers of Maasachnsetts on this subject telling you that they must have increased duty in order to commence what they term a new indtistry. With the sliBht ai«.L<4anoe asked for w* are confident we can make a becia- ninic now and in time oommand tbe trade of tbe country. Mr. President this is not the time for advancing taxes. It is time for redudng them and keeping them in some proportions. Thcrelbre I hope the Senate will not give its consent to advancing the tax upon this article of manufacture trom 35 to 45 per cent As is shown bv tho statement of this mannfnctnrer, it is entiielj a tentative proceeding. ( A 1883, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATE. 2033 "If," he says— and there is much >'irtue in an ''iT'— "45 per cent should prove insufficient to establish this industry, it will be fully needed to keep out theee goods. ' ' What do you mean by keeping a thing out? You mean to prohibit Its importation. Two things foUow— the American people ran get no good trom these articles; and, in the next place, their Treasury* can net no revenue. There we are brought practicallv in this case 'and by that argument. It confesses so much that strange idea which Sis got into the minds of a large class of our fellow-citizens, an idea that I hold to be utterly unjust, to be utteriy indefensible, and that is that you ought by law, under the power given to Congress to tax and to resrulate commerce, to throttle it and to prohibit it. It can not be We intend to compete and togiveourown people what advantage we can by means ut taxes laid to create revenue in their competition. When a man comes befiwe you and asks you expressly for a tax for the purpose of keeping articles out of the oountry, he tells you he not only means to forbid rev- enue, but he does not even promise you that you shall \a^\\ competition in place of it. .Mr. PL ATT. Mr. President, I desire to say a few words on this Item, because nobody can charge me in doing so with endeavoring to protect an American manulactnrer. I understand that the articles to which this rate of duty now api.lies are not made in this oountry and the reason why an addition of 10 per cent, upon the articles is adopted IS in order that they may be made in this ootmtry. I think it should be the poUcy of the Government to encourage the establishment of raanulactories in every branch of industry which does not now exist in this country, and it is because I have a hope that if the duty is raLsed from 35 to 45 per cent upon these articles of luxury jiox. now manufactured in this oountry, the business of making them / may be commenced and succeasfWly carried on here, that I ask Sena- tors to vote for this increased rate of duty. The argument which the Senator from DeUware has just made thirty years ago would liave been applicable to the silk industry Silk then was not made m this oountry to any considerable extent. Perhaps I am not correct about the time; but there was a time a lew years W) when silk was not made in this country, and it could not have been made here^withont a high nrtaof duty. That duty was imposed Un- der It the busmess has been ealablished, and it has grown wonderfhllv It employs large capital ; it employs thousands of workmen at remuner- ative wages, and the price of the article has steadily decrtiaeed I nut the question, is it not better that silk manufacturiig shall be' earned allexpenenoe teaches ns that they will soon be redtieed in Briee. ■» II ^•S'a vr^"^ ^^y the rich wiU be withinlS mSrf rfL ^ ^fiiS^\. The 8enatordo« not refer to me? Mr. BAYARD. I have my own views on tortff subjects, itAmmi. on m this country as it is carried on than that it should be exclusivelv jam«l on in France or in England? I put this question: is it not letter for this whole country that the manufacturing of this fine class of hosiery, of laces, and other high-priced cotton goods shiill be carried ""w^'^r'il^of.^V*^ 11^' '* *^" ^ «*^«* *« in wne foreign hmd? Mr. MORGAN. Will the Senator allow me to ^ him whether he thinks it is aLHO better to raise the oopoons here aniTreel the silk here than to have them rais^ abroad and reeled abroad ? Mr. PL ATT. I certainly do, if it is practicable J^L^}l?^^'^\■ 1 ^^ ^ ^^"^ *^*^ Senator's assistance in that branch of the subject when we reach it T^JHiL^h^^ix, ^ ^"*^"'' *^* every indu-stry which can be succHsfully «,^f!^^ in this country ought to be prosecuted here rather than that ^^iK^f^f^i^ entirely dependent upon the foreign manulactnrer for he articles they wish. If a profit on manulactniS goods^to^ pa d to say one, it ^ better it should be paid to our own dri^^ f .vl'^V* ^Z^ S^*'^ from one extreme border to another It is for tlK! advanlfigr^Texas as much as for the advantage of SSne fol of the I nited States imposes a duty on articles not manu&ctnfcd here which will stimukte and encourage our citizens to estaSS^d su^l ^^l;'^*'*^^^^ for their production within ouiV>^ WerS. It IS a snljstantial benefit to the wnole oountry „ll^i^ t^"/ the importation of Ubor. I haU the importation of all 8Wll«i labor from Europe. Wherever there is a man slSEd in this branch of manuiactare and we by establishing the indn.str^- S^^ 2,un- tiy can tnasfer that skilled mechanic fi^ Jiigland or Ire^ or ^l^t "^^"^"P *°^Kri^ ^ ^ «^ African at^nlb^! heve that we have done a benefit to the whole countrv. If he comes 1.^"' u^^ ^T ^*^ ^or)^x^ at a httle lower wag^ than U.rnTe^ t^l^r^^^ ***** temponuy. Hesoon learns to asrthehfgn fhT.S^r *^ ^ **° «*^ *'• ^ '^^^ ^ ^P«l tl^e insinuation that fi^v» ^ f,"^^*"' I**' *"*«« **»* ^' «^i^°« t^t we have. I be- lisb^ here manufectures of ^is kind shonld be estab- m^^^r^w ^"^ I>el»ware this momii»g said that when it came to ra^-I nrdnt ^^ *°,*^ ™f"^ "°^ articles of luxmy, he did not care what Sv.^ w^?t h"" P^^ °P«n them ; if the ladies desired to adorn them- whi^ r ^^"^ K^ ^^^. P*^ ^^'^ ^^«"^- The »rti<J«« of manufacture ^^t^JTS^y ^^ ?!" ^""'^ "^ encourage ih. ortablisiMnent of in tliS to i^i^nf^* ""l ^""^ " """^ •• aUka airi Ktina. j believe it Sn be J^ZS^ifJ to oontmue to buy our goods abroad when they 2?^e^«»^^iTedinthis country. The inevitable i«mlt of the estah- tSr3h«l^I^^""*?^"' manufiicture at home has been to cheapen cnapaodacttooarawneHiMn. Let us begin to make th«e goods, and XIV 128 ally try to express them. Mr. WILLIAMS. I desire to ask the Senator from Connecticut ha- cause he is well informed on these -^\— nfliinrtwitMiilfcw —^ more thoroughly than I do, whether this is an apnal oTIImciib^E for Government eajcooragement to emt>loy their camtaL or wbetWU comes from the laborers of the country wto are idS^^SireS^! Mr. PLATT. I make no appeal for any particolar dan. I m«fc^> my appeal for what I beUeve to be the be^t intSestTofSi conSS^ J^ ^ ?r America not only the granary bnt the workshop of ^ whole world. I want to see the oountry matdling for»SS^S the strides of power which always come with BaMSctSring and with««S! mercial enterprise. If there be a branch of industry nSr earned onUi England, m Ireland, in France, which we have not leamedto Sr^iS in this country I want to encourage that; I want to give it an^J^ tunity here, and I assure Senators it will be to the detrim«t?i» single mdividualm this land to have it established. If«SSk«S ployed m It, so much the better; if labor is employed in itSmiS better. There is no real conflict between capital Jnd labor Th^nS who seek to bring about a collision hetween^iSl imdkbor^^ onlymaking a great mistake, but in myjndgmSntare endan«S SSs repdbli(»n institutions of this oountry. It is better to ^o^STanyiH^ tion that has arisen or may arise between capital and Wnr thuto trv to foster It. Capital would be well employed, labor wwldbe weU«S ^^I '^/i^'^r ^^* ^^^-^ "^ ^^^ «>nntTy would be relieved and would have their goods cheapened. «*«;»«« Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. I^reddent, that would all do very weU if it wouldnot require thatpne portion of the oountry should be taxed to build up this industry, which the Senatoradmitsdoes not exist with us now bat . which he proposes to introduce by increased duties. It strikes ne m a very Quixotic expedition for the National Government to goallonrthe worid hunting up industries to emplov the capital of this coontey aMl supporting them by high bounties, merely to any that w» are & to manu&cture this and to mannliacture that. Let your indnatries come fromabroad as the neoessitiesof the country demand, butdo notattempt to force them by hot-house processes. We had as waU think of intn- ducingmtoNew England the production underriaaBofl»iiailM.omMSB and pine-apples. They are deUcious tropical fhiits, and it wooJdbe well and I would be ghid if we could produce them in Connecticut and >, ew Hampshire and everywhere else, but what would our ikrmeiB aar If they had to pay five bushels of wheat for one pinfrapple or a hon- dred pounds of tobacco for one do«en oranges? Oranges am be culti- vated under ghws, there is nodoubt, at $5 a dozen, and pint applescould be grown at $5 apiece. ^^ «*«"« The argument of the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. PlattI ia inst this, that It IS the duty of the Government to hunt out every poarible industry that can be found in the workshops of the world, no diJ^tlim J ^^ ***** *^ OMisumer or not, so that the industry can be intw- dnced here. Oranges, bananas, and pine-apples are moat delectable fruit : ^y are luscious and deUghtftU to the taste. One aeetion of onr conn- try now produces them. Will the Senator insist that it isgood ecooomy in the Government, that it is good policy, that it is jns&e and ri«ht for us to encourage the product icm of these tropi<!al fruita at such iMavr cost in the Northern States of this Union. They can be cultivated there 1 have eaten as good Hambnrg graiies grown onder glaas in the Nortli as ever grew in Spain. You can raise nnny^ pin»«|iplca, or ' mwr in Connecticut under glass jtist as well m ywa can in^rida. Then the argument of the Senator wduld be that we ought to give a bounty to the people of New Enghknd to enable them to laMewititoot km thaae articles, even if they cost the oonsumers $5 a dooen fi» the onugeaor $5 apiece for the pine-apples. Thij pet^le at the North can send their ke to Florida in exchange for theae luscious fruits with far better pniAt than to raise them at home. ^^^-^'"'^ The idea of the Government nnrlrirfa^iiiijii>a HTl fiilLti of all people, the idea that no industry cM^Jb^tfj^ed \m^ at iTTTTIirija- gets a Government boimty , is a moaa^os outrage upon the rights of iJl the people. The true policy anfl the true economy of this oonnlay is to exchange the products of onr valuable labor for the pauper labor of theOId~ World, to encourage and foster at home only such indoatrkaasaieadaplad to our condition, and exchange with other nationa oar aorplM. Wky shall we attempt in this ootmtry to raise silk ooeooiM? Why shall we attempt to produce certain CKKdtery and glass ware which we know aro produced by the lowest priced labor of this earth, when we can riTrbiiMa one day's labor of our own intolligwit people, aided by maehinerr, for fifty days of the labor that produces them? Let these industries remain where they are, let these paaper jw stay at home; and let us build up onr mercantile marina bj ttii( mercial exchange and lay tj^^oundhtion of a great and gkriow navy; let us encourage and fosier tho industries nnrrwij tat iMtional diAaM; but let us get everything else where we can find it rhrapw* I will not 09 into a discoanon oi the qaestfam of the eaaivafative ^,f<»-r","^'— 5»." fl! 2034 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATE, Febbuaby 3, "wwlaee c4 labor to-day, for that is nnincif aiy to the issne immediatoly bedbre os, bat will oontent mjpelf witii denying that prot«ctioo hM •▼er increaMd the wages of li^r or ita porchasiiig power. Modem ■Mos of txaa^iortatxHi, steamshipe and railroads, hare bronght the ■ust distant ooontries into close neighborhood, and natural causes arc gradnally equalizing the labor of all inirmr. and they arc growing rich wj exchanging their surplus with one — otlin This has been the scarce of national wealth in all ages of the world. We are produciog upon the prairies of the West and in the great valley o^tbe Miasiasippi more agricoltnral products than we can oonsame in «ar own coontry. and the great desideratam for ns is to find a market for this sorplos. If yoa exclude foreign import>», where are we farmers to fliki a market for onr prodactioos? Mr. BECK. Look at the immigration of the past year. Mr. WILLIAMS. Seven handred and fifty thousand people have emi- grated from Enrt^ in the past year, and you have now engaged in all of the protected manol^ares cf the country bat 850,000 people. Why will yoa tax as apon everything that we exchange oar tobacco for, everything that we exchange onr .x>tton for? What difference is there in taxing the export and taxing the import? The Constitation forbids yoa to tax as upon the exportation of onr tobacco, bat yoa put a prohibitory tax npon all that we bay in foreign ooontries with it. What is the difference between taxing oar exports and taxing the things that we swap them for in foreign countries? I can see none. Let me tell yoa, Mr. President, the people are beginning to open 'TT eyes to this question. If they understood it there would not be J laboring man in the United States in favor of a protective policy. They do not understand it becaose it is insidious, because it is indirect ; bot if you could remove your custom-house collectors from Boston and New York and pot them in the towns of the West where the imported 1— ^ are »old they would very soon find it oat. For one handred ynn we have betai protecting upon the plea that we have infant in- dnrtriea which needed the support of Government ; but we are now asked to protect an infiuat industry yet unborn. The country is be- gimung to understand this. More than a million men have changed tbeb minds on th is queeti<H) in the last year. More than a million will skHBge their minds in another year. If your duties were not collected t* OMtom-hoaaee, but were collected by the country merchant from the tMiner, they would Kxm oiiderst'ind this matter. If when a ftimefr went into a country store to buy a suit of clothes he WM told that the price was fl5 he would say, "That is cheap enough; that is not too high; " and he would pull out his pocket-book to pay for it; but the merchant woald say to him, "Oh, ves, but that is my price; I am an oflioer of the Government and I am a collector of the revenue^ and you have got to pay to the Government «15 more." "What is that for? »' "Well, $3 or $4 of it goes into the Treasury of the United States and the balance is sent up to Massachusetts and Connecti- cut, away up there, to keep them fectory fellers from losing money by manoActunng these goods." If you put the question to the people m that way there woold not be a consumer in this whole nation in favor of this protective jioUcy. It is wrong in principle, it is wrong in pol- ler, and It IS ruinous to the country. It is useless foi^oar farmers to talk about growing rich under it. We may get good ^oes for all ^e Hell, for our tobaow, hogs, cattle, cotton, and com; but when we come to setUe up at the end of the year we have nothing left; the extortions efanopoly have abeorbed all the fruits of our toil. We are growing poorer every d^and see our &te written in these very laws that you we enactuig. The people are beginning to open their eyes to the fact 1883. tko* for every dollw this protective tariff places in the TVeasurylt puts wn% into the pockets of the men who manufacture. ^\ SJP?^ "^'^ ^P**" * ^^^*^« o^*' $400,000,000 of protected goods aboot m),000,00(. of revenue, whidi goes into the Treasury, andw^ are paying besides that more than $1,200,000,000 which goes u a bounty to t^ nannfkcturers of this country, every dolUr of which comes out •rtfteooneamers and chiefly from the fittmers. Every substantial fiumer m this country who owns two handred acres of land to-day pays to the MtHoal GoTemment not less than ^250 in taxation. The tax for leve- I2*^^r* 'Of bounty amount to-day to not less than $26 per cap- n^and the &rm laborer of course is worse off than the firmer In m v fll^we pay about $1^300,000 in State taxes, coUected by the sheriffif _ ^^ npon oar tobaooo, upon our whisky, and in bounties to the Ti^J^Ta^ ? J[^T°* "^ V** u*^^"^ Government $76,000,000. ^rJiS^^A^ JLT2^.u ■*^*** ^ ^°**<>'" fro™ Kentucky that ttiepe^eaf «ie South-the ootton State»-pay $10,000,000 tax on Mr. WILLIAMS. Kentucky pays even more than that. Kentockv «-«40per o«it of aU the tobi«co produced in the United sSSTS nsJlLt{:I^^wS?~ ^S^^ ^"^ Kentucky assume that the £Srt^ S22?SSrr*S?y "^ nuuiufiK^me tolioeo pay the tax« ^2? ^^ Y?fSL**^\^^^^^ o'^ pockets? ^' wm B«»SiiiJS »iT**?t!!P^ **** divenrion perftcUy well, but I win not be dee«^ by It I know that jtm daii that the princdy merchants of New York pay more than two-thirds of the revenue in the United States. I do not ssj that our people pay it, but I aay it is a tax upon our products. Oar products are taxed, and y oais receive a botiDty. The men who stand ap for protection get the bounty on all they produce, and we pay the tax upon all we produce. The tax fidla not altogether upon the ocmsumer, let me tell you, because the ^nner who raises the com and tobacco pays part of the tax. That I know. My own experience tells me that for every dollar of tax npon tobacco 50 cents comes out of the pockets of the man who raises it. There is no question about that. As I was going on to say, take the $26 that every inhabitant pays to the United States, the ^Lnner, the man who employs handu, and the man who oaes iron and steel and wool and Uvea in comfort I have made a neatcalculation, and my State pays the sum total to the National Government of f7(), 000, 000, and pays f 1 , 328, 000 State taxes. Suppose our people were to pay that directly, what do you think they woald say about it? Would there be a man in the coontry for it? Not one. The whole policy of protection is wrong, and is based uptm fiklseiMin- ciples. WTien you tax one thing you have got to tax another. The raw material wants a tax, and in every stage of if^manufacture a tax is de- manded. The man who makes pig-iron says his ore is taxed and "I most have an additional tax ; " the man who makes steel rails and other steel products says, ' ' I have to pay the tax on pig-iron, I have to pay the tax on ore, and I must have a tax ; " the man who makes cutlery, plows, hoes, harrows, and farming machinery says, "All these thin^ below me are taxed, and you must give me a still higher tax, " and the thing goes on compounding and piling up, and supported on ereiy side by braces and props, which most finally give way and the monstroos struct- ure fall in ruins. It is only a question of time when the people will understand this as well as we do. The whole system will be swept by the board, and we shall come as near free trade then as the necessities of the Government will allow. I do not want to break up your industries, nor lay violent hands npon them, but I want to reduce this oppressive taxation. I am for a tax to support the Government, and if it took 100 per cent upon everything we imported I would be for paying it. I am for paving the bonds and upholdmg the faith and honor of the nation. 1 am'for encouraging in- dustries of all sorts, bat I am not willing to ruin and beggar oneclass of my countrymen to support another. Mr. President, taxation has mined all th«' nations of the earth No free people ever lost their libertiia except by the power of taxation The wealthy men in every nation of the worid attempt to make the humbler and the laboring classes pay all the taxes. In medieval times when robber barons had their castles buUt upon the mountain crags of continental Europe they levied hy force contributioas from the caravans of trade. That was the system then, but now by legi.-dation we have a worse robber class. We now have bands of financial buocanecn sail- ing under the flag of the Uw, with letter? of mar^»»Jro»4^e GPTCm- ment, plundering the people in all the chann«lfl of «•omme^ceana1rad^» How long will the people endure this ? Thev will rise up some day in their might and scatter to the four winds all these edifices that men have built upon false ideas of public economy. Let industries grow up where they will. They should grow from year to yew in the great circle of our labors, just as a farmer adds to the cleared land when he settles in the forest He cuts out around his field and he deadens this year, and the next year he clean up and puts his fence out and takes a litUe more in. This is the natural and heafthT way to grow. ^ Do not try to force things upon the country; do not force protection where we do not want it You are trying to force on our fimneis pro- tection for their wheat, rye, com, L»rd, beef, pork, and butter. We do not ask this; we do not want it Why do you force it npon us against our wUl ? Because you want to put us in the same boat with yourselves and would convince the fermers that they are protected too. Perham there are half a dozen points in the United States where some agricult- mal production might come in. It may be there Ls a ferry-way up JNorth, or down South, contiguous to some foreign country, where it might be to the convenience of half a dozen people to import things across the Ime, but the great mass of the fSirmers in this country feel no interest in this. "^ The South has only rice, sogar, tobacco, wool, and hemp embraced in tnis scheme of protection, and the benefits she rtwives are not a tithe of the burden she bean. Reduce the duties to a leMonable baas upon your filbncs, and yon may take all off our productions if you so de2m benatora talk about wool. I have been a wool-grower all my life, and have a ^rge flock of sheep now, and let me say to you that when there was no duty upon wool, under the Walker tanfT, I got more for it than I get to-day. The first wool I ever sold was for 40 cents per poond on . the farm. I sold to the same company for a number of yean. For the last ten yean I have never sold it but once for more than 25 c^to- I get from a single sheep about eight ptKinds, which is $2, and tnen fatten the sheep on grass and get on an avenge about $7 a head fSl-^?!^ matton. Mutton has been going up in price all the time, tnoogn ftee, while wool has been goingdown, although protected. Sheep can not be profitably raised for their wool opoa high-priced Ind; this can only be done upon waste and mgged lands unmiited to the plow. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATE. <Sr Mr. ALLISON. I wish to ask the Senator a qneetion right theiv be- «MHe It IS very important Mr. WILLLAM8. Yes, sir. K' wVw ^ wo ^^* does it cost the fiirmer to raise sheep ? ^u r^JJ^"^*'^ '* ***'*" •**"' ^'^^ "^^^'P ^« "°«' «re, the hind worth $100 per acre> U*^ wVfJ?^^ ^^' '^'*°^** be $18 an acre annual rental? S' n. i wi^^^/ "^^ ^^' is not on the wool, but on the mutton. iJ^ ZT^ ^ "" anxious about the Senator. I heai^ his col- leagne and the Senator from DeUware both say this morning that a man had no bosincas to be here inthe Senate and Vote upon questions in which he was dirertly interested, like these manufacturen we represent *_i!lJr • ; There is not a Senator on this floor who is not in- terested in some of the subjects which we liave been discussing, and ■pon which we are now legislating. Mr. DAWES. I know that Ls a difliculty in the rale that the Sena- tor 8 colleague and the Senator from Delaware suggested; and I wanted to see If the Senator saw the difficulty about the mle. Now he is talkmg about his own wool and he is called ujwn to vote on his own wool. Is It any worse in the one than in the other case? Mr. ^yILLIAMS. We are discussing cotton now and not wool I am not interested in ootton. Mr. DAWES. I thought the Senator was discui^ing wool. Mr. WILLIAMS. I was talking upon the general policy of protec- tion I was illustrating merely. We are discussing the cotton tax, and ■ot the wool tax, nor the sugar tax, nor the rice Ux, nor the hemp tax I want to say that under the protection of our hemp heran has been goinjg down ever since protection was put upon it. It is lower to^y in Kentucky than I ever know it to be in my life, and likewise wool ^".^i°t5*?J*'*" Koin« up, which is free, all the time, until I now, get $6 and r-M apiece for lat sheep that twenty years ago I used to grtM for, and 1 get 2o cents a pound for wool that I used to get 40 cents foV How does that happen? Will anybody tell me? WUl some^f UiSe area who are wiser than I am uiwn these economic questions tell me now that otx-urs? I know the fact ^^ w^?1?r w **' " P"»**«*«l and^hc sheep are not .« .L, r • r • V^^ " ^^ '****; *°*^ '* '«>ks to me like that is an argument m favor of free trade. I aui satisfied that with a reduction of your tariff to 35 or 30 per cent r^'i" */ ^l^^^'J^ *" °'"*^* '*''«»°« " '^^ do- Therefore I hTve ad^ vocated the reduc^on not to destroy your industries. I would not iVy mde hands upon them. I would come down rather gradoaUy and take rh.'°^rP^'?°K ' ^"^ '^' f^' ^^^^'' have^wn up^und the policy which wa. supposed to be the ertablished on?of the WnSr Let us utterly discard from the economy of this country the idea of pi^ toctangany industry in it; tax all for revenue but none togive bounS« Th«»ti8 the trqe philosophy of all taxation. I am for putting^ the S^ ^T,^ '''"'* ^"^ ^y ^^« P^^li*" debt, and I want to Say itfuicWv too; but 1 do not l>eUeve in putting it \^h *^^ "quicJtly, ol iflll"? *"*^ **°* Z""^ ^^ *»*" o° t*>« ^^'J**^ of revenue during St^^^f ♦r'°*l°'^K ^"*" '^^hasKoneoffinthatlineofaigumSt The whole thing h^ been prot«tion; revenue has been scaroSy men- tooned^ I do not believe it has been mentioned by a singlT^nfle^ «a that side of the Chamber, but it is all the time " proUxt^n ' ' ^f the Govemment had nothing todo on God's earth but^to ^x he mi^ of the people in order to make business profitable to a few men HSt ZT^L, / iT*"' ' u* P"^"*^ ^'^' "'d the public bonds Si paid No man need tell me that a national debt is a national blearing It is a natural curee to any country on the face of the earth ^ ar^wSwi?* "♦? encourage the development of such industries as are best adapted to the conditions of the country and required for the national defense the i^terials for which abound in our^X^ani not sjtempt to.mportothei^which requireOoverament aid for thS/sSSwrt per without Govemment aid. ^ wilS •°|"\~'»"t"*« l*»>«r « so chcip that nuuiy fabrics <ian be made ^^1 JUt "^ "'"^r ^"^^ ^ '^"P^^ ^'^^Pt by prohibition^ut Zn^SZ f^f^""' ^^ American laborer, aided b/mechaSl n- J«^on^ IS able to create as much in a single day as 'the foreign hand taboreroanin sixty days. Take for illustration China, the Wat J. STJ^UoT^i? T" \i' '"^^^ '^^ ""^ ^^^ ^-"'"S °»'»io°» S^clS SJ^^K ' ^h«*re there is not a cotton mill nor a power loom but tocStlle'^Sil^m^an^^"'' ^"""^T eighteen yanl, of cotto'cloth lo Clothe a Chinaman the year around, which r«juires thirtv davs ot Sk^Tn^r'^'P"^"""' ^^^'"'"^ '^" ^ manifactured bya^ri maa in one of our cotton mills in half a day luu^e her diffi*^!7i;i!^i''* ''"*TP* *? i^f'Of * into this country from China «^ ^Sii^^"*K °' ?^u ^^' ■ ^'^^ ^* '«* both stay at home ^^l?^?f ^-^ ^*'"' ''"'' ^^^" *«^ »">"' and their hwquer work Mr. President, I have spoken much loiii^ than I intended I rtMe SS^tl'^Ti"",^^ Senate?^ Connecticut iis^ »iiaa has led me into these unpromptn and discnraive remarks, for mir me in which I thank the Sesiate. ^^ 2035 apSi/^Sving'^rS^^^,^ ^ SsSt "S27r imaging to be pr^enS^by Z'X^tSe^ 2S oSiW^t^^ ** ply, because I desired the MMMw^tSs bUl a^ ftS!lT ^^''^ ?" other side did not. I ^hoSTO^l^or^JSiir^^'^ S? repetition of this old story which ^^Thav* W^ £1-15 ^"^ *T when any Senator on this dde hTa^m^ toS^aXlH^T !^ euce to the policy of thisconntry y!SS^iTli^^ti^ been said I can not allow it to pass wiSut some few w<«dii«3f ami I wiU endeavor in the fewertpoesible moi^te, I Si J?S' ceeding ttn mmutes, to make wme^mestioM^d to aAmiTltS: oorapied by thebenatorfrom Kentucky and the other sideofthiSsIS. f Jl!?;»7"^ reference to the illustration which the Senator drew b«. ^MerdtToftt'^^SfaS?.^^^ no lonjsr the m«imlactnring sMion of this counirv M.-tf5Z5L!? ta pMsed out of th« lK,M<.,Cof .New EnriiLi it hS,' JSS „^^?* York „d Pem«.,lv»„ia; i, l».cn>««i'i3rSj.^^ZS2^"r£ enaoie US to, manufiwture cheaply, unlimited water-TMwpr rt^\ iZm^ ^C U^rSio"','"™**'' "^^ ""'°' '"^ wortdifnSi;^ 'iS sKUitul Ubor, men of genius, men of invention- we iumsM th« wnri^ E: p^SSi*^'" the inventive fiiculty and geniuILSS^ti'Si:^ me processes and products of mannfccturing and vet we stanH h^ and hear day after day th«^ doctrine prrx-hum^^hat we do^iS ' S miJhftn nfiJ ^'"^f ««ten<»- He says the people irill luUy in ineir might to destroy the edifices which hav«» ^w^-wZ^^a «wJ!!_ ^em of protection to manufactuiT' Hr^^^^kS^J^^tTr ^w-n.^ *^***^ protecting any manufecturing indostoT ^ I want to put a few pertinent questions. I^t tokiov if the 8« ♦mJ fro°» Kentucky, if any oth2r Senator ^^ floor b4iev« St SL"L^blS*T^.^7M^^-ff,^ Senator ^•^"^^- L«r- WiujAaifl rose. ] I did not irterrupt the 4^gt^"^;i"o?Li^t^r ^•"^'^ when there was no manufacturing in tS coTntiy whit^ ofrJSl we would have to^y if manuS^uies iu^n^b^^J^^S^ encouniged and built up here by this^e^S^of^lSSSi^ they were all farmers and miners and no manu&cuSee. StSTS^ H ^n^X^n^l' "^ made to turn iS^^^t£"Z^ uS ™S ^^T^* *^ "?''®. '^ ^^"^'"^ ^<* '^e ''^ere still an agSK ^h^LT^ Popalation. Why, do not Senatom see St^ S^ iult^t h ft? «^*°«% ^^^ *^ d,««n of the future STcoSJ St^ti^? N^ nurelJ'S^ f **" manuftcturing enterprise in^ wumxy r jso purely pastoral or agricultural oountrv evM- AM /»r -^T asthe^tiSS^SSr^tiSV ^«^ the policy ofTrotection w ine eenatOT desires— it has been too long the policy of this natkn tn, I thought he wm puUdovmthWedm^;.Vhe^"^^^^^^ S^inth"? ^« ~°f t^ - » '-hole would be any bett^ off? ^ te iJ^ ht t W •* '^^^J^ '■^^ ^^ ^'»« >° Kentucky, ^hi. 2w wnnlH L ^ '''■ ^ P°*' *»•" ^^ »™^ I>0« ^0 think the &«S ^Lfi^^^'^TP*:^^ ^^ ^« ^^^^ they would obLtoSS niMu&ctiired articles, their comfbrts of life, more cheaply f^ n JI?f^ *'''" ""^ ""^^ *«"n this statement tSt it is all a tax upon tiie consumers, that the manufacturer* are robbers, like the <dd hMons of the medieval times, forcing oontiibntions outof the i«fieoH- taral popuUtion of this country, I foel inclined somatinM. toVetart •nd 1 put upon record now the statenent that wttUn the last twwty •*»»» "»««■ this protectivetariir, there fa not one sli^iastMee worth 2036 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATE; Febkuaby 3, 1883. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— «ENATK 2037 i4J M . J wbero oianafMrtured articles have not ateadily decraaed in price, thote is no aingie instaaoe worth notice where a^cultond praiacts httva not incrawcd in price. Look at the derdopment of the agricoltaral remuri-es in this coun- try in the last twenty years. If jou have been »o oppressed, if you iMve been so robbed mod plundered, what kind of a growth have yon wanted, what hare von expected ? The development of aghcnltuse in this oonntry in the oiit twenty years is the wonder and marvel of the E Nothing like it was ever known in kialMy. It has all taken aide by^e with Utte development of mannfhirtnreB. Agricnltare mbrmtk naimfiKtaring in the race. While the mannfificturing coi- tal in thk oonntiy has increased somewhat, the valne of &rm8, the ex- ^'.y^^^ <tf i^coltaral Lndnstry, has increased almost beyond cumpat^i- tion. In twenty yeMi the valne of the farms in this country has increased from ^,000,000,000 to $10,000,000,000. What wild enthusiast will tell me that agricultoral development would have been or ever can be greater under the policy of free trade, or tariff for revenue only? De- stroy our manu£M;t<>riea, discard our ^policy cf protection, tear down ttnae edifices which you say the people are going to tear down, how lOM do you think tliia increase of agricultund property and agricult- UsI lnMnn*f will go on? I tell you that the moment you lay a ruth- Ims IhumI upon mamdkcture t^t moment your agricultural industry goes down with it Mr. VANCE. Mr. President, the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. Plait] tells xw how much the farming interest of this country has in- creased. I wonder if it is because it luid to support all the manuiact- 11 ring interests in the country ? That a man runs laster because he carries two bushels of com on his shoulder in the race ? Do the agri- cultural people of this country get rich because they are taxed about 50 per cent, upon every implement they stir the ground with for the benefit of Penn-Hylvania or Massachusetts? If so, what an easy thing it would be for us all to get rich by taxation. What a delightful process, espec- ially for the reciiHent of the taxation, and then he would realise the II ml i«*w^'*" that it is more blessed to give than to receive, when he ooold leerive the property of his neighbor anti hear that hLt neighbor was prospering under the deprivation. Sorely a little cotton-spinning iactor\- upon the banks of some New T^«g>»nrt stream is not the caose of the mighty timr^ests that grow out on the plains of the great West. Surely there ia no cause and effect in that. Surely a little forge up somewhere iu the mountains of Pennsyi- Tania hammering iron is not the caose of tlie great crops of cotton from the Soath that constitute seven-tenths of the commercial cotton of the world and that go far toward clothing the entire civilization of man- kind. Surely you can not say that. No, sir; the truth is that agriculture was before manufacturing. The truth is that manufactures grow be- eaose they are fed and supported by agriculture. The truth is tliat agricolture would still go on if all the manufactures in New England and ctewbere in the world were wiped out. It would not go on so wall I adnut. Imt it would flourish nevertheless as one of the necessities of koMHi existence. These gentlemen rise here and be« protect ion in the fUce of that decis- ion of the Supreme Court of the L'niteil States which announces the doctrine that the levying of taxes on the whole people for one man's i is robbery. I concur with the Supreme Court, and I am willing that decision by my voice. It is robbery of the people of States to levy this tax, to perpetrate this wrong, for the It of n aii^e company, the LAwrence Manufacturing Company. It it not in behalf of a stnigglingin£uit industry, but in behalf of an nnbom habjr — an infiuit that has not yet seen the lij^t — they want these taxes leried. Why? Beeaosetheysajthatat the present rate of duties they can not import the machinery. Mr. President, do you remember with what a look of holy horror you und other gentlemen on that side regarded the proposition that I had thahnanr to make the other day, in cogjunrtian with theSenator from Wmlmippk [Mr. Gboboe^, to import a littlAnaddnery free to establish strag^ing infiknt industries in ihe South ? I was told that the proposi- tion ooold not be entertained for a nM>ment; it was horrible to contem- pUte. The idea of withholding taxation temporarily for the benefit of n struggling infant industry was something not to be telarsted, but the popoaition to levy taxation for the benefit of a straggling infimt or an mfiuit that hopes to struggle some day is perfectly legitimate and proper and is a great principle of political economy. Hx. Pnsident, I object to protecting onbom infimts. In &ct the whole thing is oot of order. The infimt has no right to bawl before it kbon. Ton want to maiiu&cture the things named here — "Nottingham kees," "gimps," '');alloons," "shaped drawers," whaterer they may he, ah^ted and fitfhioned hosiery," whxiever that aaay be. I can nndcntend ftshionslJe hosiery, but I confe« I do not nndeistand ' ' fiwh- ionadhosieiy." That industry must be protected. If that industry was suddenly to perish from off the face of the earth I should like to know if there would be a grand cataclysm t Would it be equivalent to the ateoko of doom? The wh<de doctrine of protection is Ulostrated in this ease more fairly Mhans than in any other which has been presented to the Semte. Un- MOimi^y, withont a single solitary particle of oonoem for the people who have to pay the money, lor the Cos^greas of the United States is called laas of the oonsomen, the ^ npim^ nay, it is demanded of Coogicai, to legialate money ont of the pockets of the mnltitode for the benefit of a fqw who hope to establish a new enterpfrise. They want to undertake to manufacture these articles that they acknowledgi; they f^n not manufiicture in competition with the people of England and the continent of Europe-, bat they do not want to run the risk. Per- haps it will pay and perhaps it will not. " We can not afford to pay the tax on thi-s machinery' that has to come in here. We want the Government to pay that tax. We want the Government to take all the risk as to the speculation, and if it does not pay the money does not oome ont of our pockets; it comes ont of the pockets of the people. " That Ls their propowition. They ^-ant to bring in skilled labor to 8t;trt the niachincri. and as aoon an the labor lands on the pier at New York or Boston it becomes American labor and a howl is mode for the protection of the "American workingman." In everpr shape, turn this proposition over as yon may in every conceivable di- rection, it illustrates the iniquities and the robbery as denounced by the Supreme Court of this system of protection. When the people of the South wanted some free machinery to manu- facture cotton in their own fields and at their own water-fiJls, and for want of capital were not able to bring it in. that request was denied; and now I want to see if they can not bring in machinery under their own beautiful laws of protection on the iron and mxichiner)' of this coun- try. \Vhat is going to become of the machinists and the manufacturers of machinery in this coimtry if we pay them for bringing in foreign ma- chinery ? It would ruin all the miiehine-shops in the land we were told if a single solitary cotton mill and its clotlung came in to benefit the people of the South. But here is a proposition to bring in machinery from Europe, and the people are to pay for it, notwithstanding that on the same principle of reasoning the machine-buildersofthe North would be ruined by it. The whole thing is wrong, Mr. I^resident 1 acknowledge, as my friend from Connecticut said, that it is something of the old story. I am not ashamed to dwell upon my part of the old story as long as I hear every day the old, old story on the other side — ' ' struggling in&nt industry ; " " pauper labor of Enrope ; " " will perish if it does not get this protection ; " " men thrown out of employment ; ' " ' 'American labor to be preferred." and so on; that is the old story on their side. This is only the other corresponding old story. They may expect to hear that just as long as I have a voice in thia Chamber. As soon as ever the old tune in behalf of American labor is raised there will be a rp- sppnsive amen in this comer so long as I have the honor of a seat in this Chamber. > Sir, I can not vote for this propocution. These men,^ was explained by the Senator from Delaware, did not ask for thj^4^y- -^^ ^^^ ^hey were satisfied with 35 per cent. They have changed and want more, and they say if 45 per cent, should not prove to be enough it would at all events serve to keep out the flood of cheap goods from Germany. Are the Senators on that side of the Chamber opposed to an abundance of cheap goods coming to these people? It really seems so. Is there any crime in a poor man in thin country bn^-ing as much as his money will permit him to buy? Is there any great evil in cheap goods? Do they object that a man should happen to lay his hands on something cheap and something by which to promote the comfort of his family ? It would seem so. I say with deliberation, as far as you have gone in every direction this bill has laid its hand most heavily upon those articles which are used by the poor and most sparingly upon those articles naed by the rich. Especially is |his illnstrate<l in the article of window-glass that we had up a few days ago, when the plain, common, unground panes of glass that let the light of heaven intt) the cabins and cottages of the poor were taxed about 60 per cent. , while polished plate-glass that went into the rich man's palace was taxed 10 or 17 per cent. So it runs that way through everything, as you will see when we come to woolen goods. It runs that way in blankets, and it runs that way in iron goods. Everywhere yoo will find that the hand of the Government, the taxing hand, the publican's hand, is laid on the poor man most heavily and his necessities are taxed most heavily, and it is laid with the lightest finger upon the products and articles tised by the rich. I can not see what harm can come from a flood of cheap goods com- ing in from Europe, especially if we do not manufiicture them here, and why we should use the taxing power of the Government for the tTTannical purpose of prerenting the citizens from availing themselves of the cheap maikets of the world is a despotism aa mean and con- temptible as it is wrong. Let them come. Let the goods of every peo- ple in the world oome, subject to snch duties as will yield a revoine to our own Government. That is the policy of Senators on this side of the Chamber. The Owiattir from Connecticut, I believe, made the statement that some BwtorB <m this side are in &Tor of the wiping out of manofiMt- nres altogether. I have never heard any Somtor or any other man in his senaaa maka such a statement as that. Beeaoae we favor the en- eoangHMnt of mannfiicturee cmly within revenoe limits and think that namAetores, as all other boaiMaii, shooM dapsad upon its own merits for saccess, and its own hdNr, its own ingenuity, to m great an extent as any other class of hnaiwas in the commoni^ — because we argue thai, to say we are opposed to or ignorant of the advantages of mannfiutons is an aMOBiption wholly on warranted. No man is better aware of the adTsmtages of mano&ctures to the people of this ooontxy and the people of any country than I am, but I am aware of the fact too that there should be no distincticms made. I am aware of the fact, however, that there are distinctions made. I know tliat there is a difference made between the man who mann&ct- ures iabricM or implements and the man who mauutlictures bread. I know that the manutacturer of bread is under the ban, for what reason I cannot tell, except that being, as the agricultural claias is, widely dis- tributed over the country and without organization, they con be pltu- dered by compact organisations, ami that they liave something to be plundered of, but I can not for the lite of mt- see where iu our Constitu- tion there is any article or provision or clause that would justify treat- ing him as the common burden-bearer of the rest of the community, and tlut all the grievances of the country should be laid upon him for the support of others. I can not understiuid tliat. I think the nuui who nostains my body with the necessaries of life is as much entitled to the favor of this Ctoverament as the man who clothes my body. The man who gives me the necessaries of life is as much entitled to the protoctitm of the Government as the man who gives me the luxuries or refinemenb* of life. The day will come, as was well said by the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. Williami^J, when the people of this coontiy will open their eyes. The day will oome when the people of this county will be oduirated on this tariff question. It is coming now. It is dawning in the West; it is dawning in the South; it is dawning in the Northwest; ami I think from the cliaracter of the letters which are pouring iu upon me and the Senator from Ken- tucky since this discnasion has begun that it is beginning to dawn at the right place, in the East, as well ; and whenever it Ls understood that these manufacturers have had Hufhcient protection to enable them to riae or fall or stand or sink or iKwini upon their own merits, and that the cry of protedion to American labor simply means the robberj* of nine- tenths of all the labor in the country for the enrichment of the em- ployers of this labor in the East, there will be a grand upheaval in this country, ami the places that now know Home of these gentlemen in Congress will know them no more forever. That is wlwit I hope, at least; not personally to them, but I hope their places will be supplied by apostles of the new order of thin^t; by apotttles of the new order of politics, who believe in allowing a man to do the Ix-st he c:m for him- self without 1>eing burdened with the support of his neigh Iwrs; by apos- tles of the order of things who believe that w hen a man can not support himself he should take such fare &s the c-ounty commissioners give him, and not be allowed to live in a lordly mansion and Ie>-y taxes upon all the lowlands, an did, perhaps, some of the anceston* of the Senator who sits l>eforc me [Mr. BtX'K]. We want to sec tliat done away with. -\ll tliis cry about destnjying manufactories will be understood after a while, and when one after the other the representative* of every sptr (dal interest in this country, except the^ricultural, get up here and say "if you do not give us this duty we will pcri><h, onr work.<»hops will shut up, and our lionds will all be turned into the street.'' I do nt>t be- lieve a single word of it. It Ls a mere statement that conM;s Ironi men who want to hold on to their grip upon the publi(; crib ; men who, having tasted once the sweets of living upon otlier men's labor, naturally do not wanttoletgo. I do nbt believe one word of it. Idonotljelievethereisa manufactory in the UnitedStatcs, if this tariffwas cutdown horizontally onerhalf right now, that would cloHe up. If it did, I should say it ought to be closed up. \\"hen men can not live exorpt as a nuisance and an incumbrance to their neighbors, the only decent thing they i^in do is to die. American labor, indeed ! It will be provided for. Instead of con- grapsting thousands and thousands of men around some factory and maaing them engage in a desperate stmggle and competition for bread, if the laws of political economy were allowed to prevail everything would be regulated in this country and everything would Ix? equalized a.s the waters cover the caverns of the great deep, and men would seek those pursuits in which they would succeed best, and in which they could best i»omote their interests. But, sir, we are undertaking here to war sgainat theae natural laws, we are undertaking to force men to buy where they have to poy the highest prices and to sell where they can only get the lowest. We have discarded the idea that supply and demand have anything to do with Uie regulation of the prioee of articles in uae by the human family; we are waning against these laws of political economy ; and these laws of political economy, it is well enough for Sena- ton to remember, are as much the laws of God as the law of gravitation is; they are implanted essentially and inherently in the human breast, and they are a portion of human nature, and they will exert themselves. Those things will take root some day, and in the blessed hope of their early appearing I will now proceed to take mv seat. [laughter.] Mr. PLATT. Mr. Praddent, I did not entirely catch all that the Senator fhHn North Carolina [Mr. Vance] said, but I und<;r8ti)od him to allude to a letter which was read by the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. BncKJ the other day dated in ray own city; and so much has been said abont that letter that perhaps I ought to say a wofd in relation to it. If anybody will go to the city of Meriden, which is my home, and make inquiries either of the mannfocturerH or of the employes he will find that as a mle the men who work, who labor in thatcity in i tones, are well paid, are eotaatinrtitirfad; that the nhrtlombekwaeD them and their emplojaraaiehaniionioaaandplflMant; that they have no strikes; that these is nothing tliere to call forth the writing of a^y snch letter as that read by the SenatcH' firou Kentucky. I onght to say one word mtae aboot the nenon who wrote it. He k a young man of more zeal than dianvetion, aJMnt 90 or tt jma old, tht son of an intelligent, indnstrioos, flrngal, amd w^-to-do Trinhman, who has earned his money in the facUnies of Meriden, who has laid it- mp ami who is well to do in the world. If his son followed the exam- ple of the father he woold soon oome to the same condition; but on- fortunately he has conceived an antipathy to wock and a gnat i for l>emocratic politics. He divides his time between being a i ant in the police court, an orator in the Democratic dub-room, and writ- ing letters such as the Senator fit>m Kentucky has read. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amendment of the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. BfiCKJ. Mr. BECK. I demand the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered. , Mr. BECK. X^et the amendment be read. The ACTlNa Sbcbetaby. In line 1172, it is pn^msud to strike oot -forty" before "five" and insert "thirty;" soastoivad: On KtockiDKn, hoM, balf-boae, ahirto, »nd dmwais, tMtkfamed, wurowed, w shaped wholly or in part by knittingHuacliiiMs or Asbms, or knit by band, and (x>nipoaed wholly of cotton, 35 per cent, ad vakirem. ■^ DEATH OF REPRESEXTATTVE LOWE. A message liom the Houseof HepresentativcH, by Mr. William K . Ms- HAFFEY, one of its clerks, transmitted to the Senate the reecdotioni adopted by that body concerning the death of Wiluam M. Luwe, late a member of the House from the State of Alabama. Mr. M0KG.\N. Mr. I^resident, I ask that the resolutions just r»- ceive<l from the House l»e laid before the Senate. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair biys before the 8«iate the resolutioos of the House, which will be read. The Acting Secretary read aa follows: Reaoired, That thre Houae of Bayrs— ntati r— h— received with profound mamfk- bility the announocment of the «ieath of Hon. WnxiAa M. LoWK, l*lc a F sentative from the Htate of h Vtmmii Retolved, That the businem of this House be now opportunity for the ezprtMwion of proper tributes to tbel RemMved, That aa a further mark of respect this Iloaae, at the ooncliwiaiwof such memorial service, adjourn ; and tliat these resolutions be transmitted to the Senate for ita action thereon. ^Ir. MORGAN. Mr. President, I present resolutions on thesol^iect of the resolutions just sent to us by the House of Representatives. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The resolutions offered by the Senator from Alabama will now be read. The Acting Secretary read as follows: ^ Reaohrd, Thstthr rnmmnninatinnfrnmlhf Tliiiia> iif1Tii|mMaii>aliiiiissiiiiiiiii>u in« the death of Hon. W1U.IAM M. Lows, of Alabama, whUaaaMHBber of ttak body, is received by the Senate with sympathy in the expreanoas of sorrow in Ike resolution of the House and with ngni. 2 That the becretaiy of the Hwiwte transmit aoopy of the prooeodinca of the Senate on this occasion to the family of the deceased. 3. That as a mark of req>ect to the memory of Mr. LowK, the Senate do now a4)oum. Mr. MORGAN. Mr. President, William Maxxixo Lows waa a native of Alabama. He was bom in Htmtsville, nev the place when he died. His family were of the best class. His fiitber was eminent for his ability and high character in the mercantile circles of the South, and was greatly esteemed by a large and most respectable class of aoquaintanoes. In his youth Colonel Lowe had advantages which be indnstriooaly improved to aoqoire learning and to accomplish himself by the stndy of the beet authors in literature. His attainments were rich and raried and gave him a power of expression that was singolarly strong and elo- quent. He was educated at Florence, Alabama, and in the Univeraitj of Teimessee, and afterward took a law ooorse at the Univosity of Vir- ginia. His knowledge of the law was pot to good aoeoont for tha public in tlie office of solicitor to prosecute the pleas of the^ate, which he held fiom 1865 to 1868. The public career of Colonel LowK began m the army of the<GoBfid- erate States and in a time that extingoiabed iu death ao i lives and developed so many men of great powea wl have had no opportunity to impw the world with their genios or strength. Wars have been the sul:gect8 of lamentation by all Chiiathm aoMona through every generation, but they oome neverthelem, and aeon tofai- crease in freqoenqr as the enginery of destniction and daath baeoaMB more eflUdent It seems to be true that every geneiatian has its time of warfore, t will incur any risk to identify itself with the histotjofi ta^ struggle. It is not merely the fame that men win in i that induces them to engsge in war, but there is in the spirited man a love of martial exoeiaes, a eoorting of of adventure, a guadimm eerUmUni*, that uiaes him to upon almost any oeoasion that is "justified by honor Oar bandied millions of annual taxation to give ij i 41 3038 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATE. February 3, J •nji who were disabled in the late civil war is justified, even in the minds of those who were the enemies in arms of the pensioners, by a sense of grate- Ail ayuwc^iatton of the services they rendered to their country, and of the gaUitnt manna in which they demeuied themselves in the theater of war where the people were soch anxions and often such delighted tatoo. And so, when any gallant soldier dies, whatever may have , Us social character, the people pass by his delinquencies, if he had not in mere charitable forgetfhlness but as matters of little mo- while tbey can recall with pride and satisfaction the honors he warn won in the bloody fields of battle. It is also rarely the case that civic honors of the highest chiss are with- held from men who hare earned a repotation for conrage. devotion, and skill in the fields of battle. Six times in oar comparatively short his- tOKT men have been chosen to the Presidency who had evinced great dcUl in military command bnt had not been conspicuous lor statesman- ship until after tbey had been elected and inaugurated in office. Mr. Lowe laid the foundations of his political career in his gallant eoodnct in the ranks of the confederate army, and so strong was Im hold - upon the affection of the people from this cause that many of them sup- ported him who believed that his course as a politician was not the best for those he represented. The flret battle of Manassas was the most striking iju-ident in Amer- ican history. All that hati precetled it in the history of the war was mere prelimiuarj- Hkirmii^hing. That was the first general engagement between the opposing armies. The field was open, gently undulating, wide in extent, and without natural or artificial obstacles to obstruct ai^ great military maneuver; either army could have marched for lour «r ftre miles on th»t lield in line of buttle.' Neither army had its flanks evrwed by any natural protection or military works. The forests that flBce covered the field had long ago disappeared, a few low stone fences and patches of young pine, and a few scattering houses were the only shelter that even small bodies of men could lind. Un such a field neither army could possess any considerable advantage even in the po- sitions of field artillery . The members of the opposing hosts were much ~ the same. The infiuitry arms then in umc were all of old patterns and were of short range. Neither army liad been long in the field, and the great body of the officers were without military training such as Ls found in well organized standing armies. Each army was made up for the greater port of cit i zen soldiery . They wcae armies of militia, many of the soldiers scarcely accuirtomed to the eomhrous harness and heavy l)aggage tliat they we're then re«iuire«l to carry until they were weary and d^icouraged. ' The men were in all essentia) respects the same in each army except thedifference in political opinions which divided them. The battle in which they were about to engage was the first great act in a tragetly of wartare that has never been equaled in all that makes war grand, destructive, and tenible in the historj' of Christian nations. The scene they were about to open was nothing more than political eontroversy intensified into war by a universal appeal to arm.s. It i.s noTdispttragement to Liter and better trained and better equipped annies to 8i»y that no armies that were ever marshaled were composed of bet- ter material. They were volunteer armies such as it is likely no other country could produce, and their fighting on that field hiks demonstrated that in three months time, or less, we can improvLse an army of citizen soldiery that are equal to the defense of oarcountr>' ag-ainstany pomi- ble combination of military- iK)wer. If there is a genius of American liberty, which we represent on the Dome of our Capitol in the bronze image there as a goddess, she looked with sad eyes on the field of Miuiaasas on that Sabbath morning, when the don cloud of war obscured the rising sun and left the earth to »>e lit up with the fierce flashes of artillery and musketry, when, under the light of » July sun, for hours together the contending ranks could only dis- eern the lines of their antagonists by the lines of fire which nilled with- out ceasing from the mu^es of their guns. It was not the sudden «k*>!i» •■d •• sudden retreat that usually characterizes the action of xmrtroofa which descrilKs the tactics of that field; it was the obstinate and death-defying conflict of men who had no thought but victory and no sentiflMBt bat duty to hold them steady in their dreadful work. Stiatefpb ckiafn in the position-s of the forces were made on that fldd ia •eeoidanoe with settled plans of militarv* operation carefully pnpned beftwdiand on both sides, and during all of that long and sultry day these plans were executed until the shattered columns could no Ifmger be mustered in proper military organization-s, the one amiy re- tiring, the other not being able to pursue. The troops were steatly and firm, and were moved vnth the precision and celerity of trained solcUen.'. I "IThe staff of both armies was incomplete, and sometimes brigades and I dirWcaB wwe in command of 5ffioers who had never before seen their ' legimental and company officers under their control. The losses on hoCh ridea were htmvj, the field was almost without supplies of water, tteambalance corps were imperfectly organized and were poorly sup^ pUed with vehicles or stretchen, and the wounded lav upon tlie field aimumi without attention. AiM!: ^^^ entered the cooAdente army in the fourth regiment of AlabMW inftatiy as a priTate soldier, and in that capacity was fishtins '"**--* *-**'" Th« the poet or a private in the ranks wast^poitt in that battle. of hiaor. Personal preferment was almost unknown amoo^ those who took ap arms on either side. They understood the qnestiooB in- volved in the contest, and were fighting to »"*'"t^^" their oonvictiona. No man in the ranks of either amy probaUy ahderstood thoee qaet- tions more pert'ectly than this accoinpiMhed Toong echoUr and lawyer. I doubt if he could have been induced to fight in defense of a mnne that did not command the honest snfliages of his f«edat« judgment. His heart did not role his judgment where the issues to be decided afiected the welfare of the country. The fourth Alabama ru^ent has become renowned in Hoothem hia- tory for the gallantry of its men on that field. Its gallant ooloiMi, Egbert Jones, and its mi^or, Charles S. Soott, fell on the field, the first to die and the other to survive dangerous wounds and to render to his countrymen the duty and advantage of a true heart and a superior in- tellect. That regiment was almost cut to pieces after a long and fierce struggle with a gallant foe. When its field-officers fell the scatteied companies attached themselves, with decimated ranks, to other com- mands, and continued the arduous conflict until the field was won. As the day receded the body of Private WiixiAM M. LowK mtm borne from the field in the arms of his comrades, to die, as was then be- lieved. He was wounded with a musket-ball in his forehead. The deadly missile spared his life only by the breadth of a hair. His vig- orous constitution triumphed over death, and he struggled back into life to eiyoy the honors he had nobly won in the hearts of a people who will never cease to honor his memory as a faithful and brave soldier. Later in the war he rejoined the army and held the ranks succes- sively of lieutenant, captain, and lieutenant-colonel, commanding troops in the field and acting on staff doty with distinction and with the approval of his superior officers and his comrades. ^V^len the war had closed Mr. Ix)WK again took up his profewiion, in which he acquired a good reputation for ability. During the period of reconstruction he was very intense in his opposition to that policy, and took a leading and infiuential place in the opposition. His high in- telligence and courage soon gave to him a prominent position, and he found in the public serviee his most congenial employment. He was elected to the Legislature from his native county in 1870, and his service there disclosed an enterprising spirit which indicated his mental inde- pendence of the thraldom of fixed opinions and methods of government sanctified by time. He wius incisive an»l aggressive in the enforcement of his convictions. He was next elected to the con.<^itntional convention of Alabama, in 1875, and exhibited in that body the ability to deal with the gravmt questions of constitutional law. He then became, in 1879, a candidate for Congressas a Grecnliack- Democrat, and liad the support of the Republican party in his district. He was elected over a gentleman of much ability after a heated can v«« of the districrt. That contest gave ri.se to much ill-feeling Wtween Mr. Ix>\VK and his former Democratic associates. This feeling was much intensified in the next campaign, in which his opponent, Hon. Joseph Wheeler, got the cerriflcate and was seated, bnt afterward, on a contest, was held to be not entitled to the office. In the midst of all these ct)ntest.s Ix'fore the i>e«ple Mr. Ix)WE was distinguished for remarkable ability as a popuhu- leader. Gr«at nnm- hers of men who apologized to themselves lor a departure fitnn their political convictions followed him and became his persoiuil purtlsitas bo- cause tbey admired and loved him. As a friend he was worthy of thek afft«tion, for he was true to his friends. I opposed his political course with inflexible determination, but 1 admired his genius and c-ourage in leadership, and remembering bow his public life had been gallantly prt^ laced with a glorious devotion to his convictions, I never spoke of him except in terms of respect. I now express with pride the voice of the people of Alabama whs esteem him for the tender care which he has ever bestowed so freely and generously upon those dear to him by kindred ties: they admire him for his distinguished abilities as an orator and scholar, and honor him in his grave lor his patriotism. Mr. LAPHAM. Mr. President, it was not until a short time since that I was asked by the Senators from Alabama to take part in the memorial services in memory of their late colleague in the House. I come, therefore, without time for preparation to the consideration of those topics suggested by the occasion. Mr. President, my acquaintance with 4Ir. Lowe began with his en- trance into the Forty-sixth Omgress as a member of the Hou.se of Rep- resentatives, where 1 had the honor of a seat He bore by nature the mark-s of being more than a common man, of being a man designed, if he had lived and carried out his aspirations, to have made his mark in the worlcL Although he was comparatively young, he had already achieved what may be regarded an unusual distinction. He rase fVoai the ranks of a private to the position of lieutenant-colonel in the army of the conli'deracy during his serviee there. He acted as the solicitor of the fifth judicial district of his State from the year 1865 to 1868, in- clusive, a period of four year*. He was then chosen to the Legkhitiire of his State, as has been said, in the year 1870, and so nuu-ked ww^kb ^ <!• 1883. CONGRESSIONAL RBOORD— HOUSE. 2oa» abilities in that body that in the year 1875 he was elected as one of the members of the oonventioa to fkame a oonstitntion for that State. That constitution, as I remember the reading of it, bean evidenoe that it was the worK of men of genius and of high character. But little occorrvd to indicate much with respect to the tempeca- raent, chai^cter, and sentiments of Mr. Lowe during the first sfsrinns of the Forty-sixth Congress, but in the third session of said Congress, and soon after the opening of that session, he introduced into the Uooae and had referred to the Committee on the Judiciary a series of resolti- tions relating to the laws of the several States of the Union with refer- ence to the right of suffrage. Those resolutions went, if I remember right, to the Jodiciary C(»imittee of the House. Whether they were acted upon by the committee or became the subject of further action by the House I am not advisecL These are the resolutions: MThercM tke l«w* of sever*! of the State* of thte Union rMulate within their rMpMttre Jur^iotiona the exrrcMe of the elective franoblae by Breecribins oer- t*iii oonditioiM, tazea, or requiremenU which are claimed bj citixens of thorn atmtm aod by a report oT a committee of the United State* Senate in tiiia Oon- gnm to be a %-iolation of the Oonatitution of the United States and of tlie richU of eltiaena thereunder ; and Where** each resulationii of the eleeUve ftmnehiae in math State*. e«pecially in tbeStalesof Rhode Inland. MaiwM^iMeUa, Pennqrivania, Delaware,VirEinia, and OeorKia. »** '■»-'-~~* to be restrictions npon the elective franchise whereby cer- tain citiMos are ezduded from participation in the rifrbt to vote ; and Whereaa U i* made the duty of Ooncrea* to aecure to each State a republican form of Kovemment, and once in ten years to apportion amonir the State* their ■harca of repre*entatlon in ConsreM parwiant to the Constitution : Therefore, MtMnmhtd, Thai a oomnaiUee of this House, oonsistinjK of live members, be appotated by the 8pc«ker to examine into the matters r<;latin£: to the exercise o?'the elective franchise in the several States so fttr as the same may be in vio- lation of the Constitution of the United States or affected thereby ; and to report to this Hoaae whether such refculAlions or restridionsof suflVage should dimin- ish ttie repreaentation of such State or State* in Cottgrtm^ pursuant to the four- teenth article of the Constitution, and to what extent such ivpreaentation should be diminiphed under the apportionment to be made pursuant to the census of ino. And he U furtKtr rmvk»$d. That said committee shall have power to sit during the SMBion* <A the House, or otherwise, and shall have |>ower to send for per- •oiM and papers, administer oaths, and to employ a stetiof^pher, clerk, and two mesaengem ; and that fhe sum of 93,000 be, and heretiy is, appropriated for the expenses of said committee from the House contingent fund, to be paid on drafts of the chairman of said committee. Mr. Lows was elected to represent his district in the present Congress, but the certificate of election was given to his competitor, and he wasonly able to obtain his seat aft«r a long and protracted controversy, and at the end of that controversy we find him repeating the same sentiments with which he entered the third session of the Forty-sixth Congress. I quote from the remarks submitted by him to the House on the final termination of that contest: Mr. Spesker. I am glad that the time has come at last witen I may spealc for rayself. and not only for myself, but for the disfranchised people of my district. I am glad, sir, that 1 have an opportunity to be heard before a body which is the •olejudge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, and which is bound by public interest and private conscience to do justice in the cause. • ••••*• The prevalent idea of a strong government in other countries is the weakest of all govemnienU with us. What is the power of standing armies and the menace of greiit navies to the desperate purpose of an outraged i>ei)ple? Sir, our ancestors were right. That govertiment is the strongest which n-sts upon the consent of the govenicd, which enlists the respect and affection of the lai^est proportion of its i)e<>pU-. Tne iron despotism of the Czar or the military empire of the Kaiser is tlie weskest government in the world. l)e<«use it lacks this vital principle upon which »4rong and free governments are foun<Jp<l. It lacks this principle, which all exi>crient« teaches us can not be destroyed by force or de- nied by fraud without assailing the social compact itself. It stands pre-eminent in government and society like the chiefert or all the virtues; "whether there be prophecies they shall fail; whether there be tongue* they shall cease; wbetlier there be knowledge it shall vanish away," but the right prrservative of all right* will remain. 1 shall not despair, Mr. Speaker, of free suflVage until I despair of free government itself. It is the sanction by which the House now sHa in Judgment upon me and the basis of the confidence with which I now ad- dress you. It is the giorv and safety of our system, as we believe our syatens is, by the blessing of U^ the hope and refVige of the world. It will be seen, Mr. President, from these sentiments that Mr. Lowe had marked out for himself a career in Congress upon one of the great issues that are now before the country; and his having been provi- lly called away illustrates, whatever may be our opinions with to ourselves or others, how little in truth we are; " what shad- ows we are and what shadows we pursue." The sentiment was well expressed by that great and good man, Abraham Lincoln, in the mem- orable debate between himself and the late Senator Douglas, where, after speaking of the principles embodied in the DetJaration of Inde- pendence and the necessity for preserving them, he U'^ed substantially these words: In a great ooateat like this I am nothing; Judge Douglas \» nothing; no man is anrthing: the preservation of these great principles is paramount to all per- soaal oonsTaerations. IVont this scene of activity and of apparent and proq[>ective useful- ness Mr. Lowe has been suddenly summoned away, and we may say of him in coodnsion what has been written by one of the best of our poets with ncKd tosndi an event as the death of Mr. Lowe, and what If liring he would say to us: When we are gone, Tiae geneeatloB that eoase* after u* I Will tev« AkT o«her lho<^t* than out*. CHv ruiaa ^ • . I Will sarva to build their palaees or tomba I Tbev will posMM the world that we think oon. And ^dilon It tkt otbarwte. Men die and are forgotteii. Tb* l (3oe* OB the same. AxnoMr th* myrtads or men that live, or have Uvwl, or shall tiv». What is aMncle life, or thbie or mlae. We most make room for otbera The PRESIDING OFFICER. TheqnestiooisontheadoptMnori reeolntions ofloed by the Senator from Alabama [Mr. MoBOax]. The resolutions were unanimously agreed to; and (at 4 o'doek i 29 minutes p. m. ) the Senate ac^oniiied. HOUSE OF REPBBSENTATIVB8. Saturday, Ftbruary 3, 1883. The House met at 11 o'clock a. m. Prayer by the Chi^tlaui, Bmw, F. D. PowiR. The Journal of yesterdiy's proceedings was read and wpftanA. INDU8TBIAL kXD OOTTON KJLFtlMTHMr IV VUL Mr. MONET. I ask unanimous consent to take fhm the Speakar^ table for present consideration the bill (S. 2412) which pr)>Tide8 for tb* holding of an industrial and cotton exhibition in the year 1884. R makes no appropriation and involves the OoTemment in no liahUil^ of any character. The SPEAKER. The tiUe of the bill wiU be read. The' Clerk read as follows: A bill (8. 2412) to enooorage the holfjing of a world's industrial aad oottoa mm- position in t^e ytmt ISM. If that is to involve any debate, I ol^ect It will not involve any debate. The Chair is informed the bill makes no appropti- Mr. KELLEY. Mr. RANDALD. The SPEAKER. at ion of money. Mr. MILLJS. Will no appropriation require to be made Mr. MONEY. There is a special provisioa that the United Government shall be liable for no expense whatever. Mr. BURROWS, of Michigan. Let the bUl be read. Mr. O'NEILL. I object, unless there isaqtedfic provision in ika bill that the United States shall be at no expense. Mr. MONEY. It is so expressly provided in the bill. The SPEAKER. The bill will be read, after which the Chair will ask for objection. The bill was read, as follows: Whereas it is desirable to enoounNce for celebration the one hundredth aoai- versary of the production, manufkcture.and commerce of oottoo, by botding, ia the year 1SS4, in some city of the Union, to be selected by theexeeutive oommit- tee of the National Cotton Planters' Associstion of America, an inaUtoUoo for the public welfare, incorporated under the lai«-s of MlMJMltyi. * world's indoa- trial and cotton centennial exposition, to be held under the^int auspice* of tte United Htates, the said National Cotton Planters' Association of America, aa4 of the city in which it may be located, and in which cotton in all its oottdiUooa of culture and manu&etare will be the chief exhibit, but which is dssigntd als* to include all arts, manufactures, and products of the soil and mine; and Whereas such an exhibition should be national and international in its char- acter, in which the people of this country and other parts of the world who ass interested in the subject should participate, it should have the sanction of Iks Congressof the United States: Therefore, Be U enaeitd, Ac. , That a world's industrial and cotton centennial expoaitMii ba held in 11^ year 18S4. under the joint auspii«8 of the United States Oovemmeiak the National Cotton Planters' Association of America, and thecity where it waa^ be located. Sbc. 2. That the Prewidentofthe United Btatesmay. upon the recommennstioa of the executive committee of the National Cotton Punters' Association of AOMT- ica, appoint sixl^nited States commissioners, and upon the rseoa»Bi*nrtatton mt the nuvjority of subttoribers to the enterprise in the city wbers it najrb* Isnatai may appoint seven United State* oommisBioners, who together shall i a board of management of said world's industrial and cotton oei>tMUiial < sition. Sbc. 8. That the President of the United States may, on tlie i of the governors of the various State* and Territorie* at the Union, appoint •■• oommiasioner and one alternate commissiooer for ea(^ State and TerrMoffTt wheae funcUons shall be defined by the said board of asanacenoent. Bmc 4. That all of said commiasioDerashall be appointed within one year Bsaa the passage of this act. . „ SBcTsTThat the said board of management shall hold its meetings insMli fll|r as may be selected for the location of the said exposition by the NaiioDal OoMoa PUnters' Association of America as aforesaid, and that a m^rity of Mid r " of management shall have full power to make all needfU rales and for its government. . _^ ,_, ^ __ Skc. 6. That said board of management shall report to lae Prasmentocj United Slate* a suitable date for opening and doainatka eaposMloa: a s^ of appropriate ceremonies for opening or dedicating the same ; aad suob < matters as, in their judgment, may be deemed importanV Hkx 7. lliat no compensation for sei vices shall oe paid to the eommi or other ofBcers provided by this actfirom the Treaanry of the United Slate^aa« the United State* shall not be liahle for any of the expenses atlaiiding mm* «b- hibition, or by reason of the same. ^ , . , Sbc. 8. That whenever the President shall be informed by the said I management that proriitoa hmm been made for s%iitable buildings, or the i tion of the same, for the|Mrposc* o€ saidfezpoaition. the President shMll,( the Department of State, make proclamation of the same, •••""§.?*'"» * at which the exhibition will open, and the place at whtdi it will be aeia.aaa saeh board of iiisnsaiimiint shall commnnicate to the diplomatic lepreseqtatrsis of aU nations neptea oT the sante, and a copy of this act, together with socfc raiy tetioB* as may he adopted by said board of management, fag |Wibltoalto«i toiaair respeoUve countries. . , ... ■..^- -. - — Baa «. That the Prosident be requested U> send, in Uie as— ef tfcs Pj^g Stetea, invitations to the governments of other nations to bs i fP^"""*^ *?°,'fg part in said worid's indostrial and cotton oaotennial espoAten. te bs baM » some cHy of the United State* te he hsrsafter selected as im ri«M \ 2040 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— HOUSE. February 3, 1883. CONGRESSIONAL REC0RD—H0U8K 10. TbAt fnwiali w^h «|»*oprt«t« dcrrie«s, Emblems, and iiwcriptiona, I of aUd WorUTs fnduabiaJi aitd oottoo centennial expcMition, and «f Um awards to be laade to ezbibitoni thereat, be prepared at aoaie mint of the 1 States tor the laid board df mananeroent, atibject to the provi«ioiui of the laeetionof the coinage Ikct of 1873, upon the payment of a sum not l«e« * thereof; and all the provWona, whether penal or otberwiae, of I act f^^i*H the eoonterieitinK or imitating of coins of the United II apply to the medala atruok and iasoed under this act. Sac 11. That aU artielca which ahall be imported for the sole piirpoee of exhi- ■mua at the aakl world's industrial and cotton expo«ition, to be held in the ymar UM, riiall be admitted without the payment of duty or of customs feea or rhama, nndersoch regalations as the Secretary of the Treaaoryahan pg—rthe : iVsiTifaJ, That all soSi articlee as shall be sold in the I'nited State* or with- drawn for conaamption therein at anv time after such importation shall be sub- JMt to the dntiea, if any are imposed on like articles by the re%-enue lawa in JDtLHj at the date of importation : A mi provided fitriker. That in oaae any articles iBsported under the proTlaions of this act ahall be withdrawn for consumption, or shall be sold without payment of duty as required by law, all penalties pre- aeribed by the rerenoe laws shall be applied and enforced againM such articles •ad acainst the peraona who may be giuilty of such withdrawal, or sale. Tbe SPEAKER. Is there objection to the preMnfORindenktion of the bill which has just been read? Ifr. O'NEILL^ I withdraw my objection. I believe the exposition will be Iot the benefit of the coontry, and even if the Government is pnt to aome ezpenM abont it we will get value received. Mr. BOBIN80N, of Maaaachnaetts. I do not know what the \a»t TtatmA of the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. O'Neill] means. Mr. O'NEILL. I aay that if the (irovemment is pnt to some expenw we will get value received. Mr. RANDALL. Do not get ap any excitement abont this bill; it is all lii^t Mr. ROBINSON, of MaetnchnsettB. I do not want to have pat into tlie debate here that even if the Oovemment is pnt to some expense we will get valne received. Mr. O'NEILL. I made that statement from sad experience in refer- caee to the centennial exposition of 1876. • There being no objection, the bill was taken from the Speaker's table, reod three several times, and passed. Mr. MONET moved to reconsider the vote by which the bill was poMed ; and also moved that tbe nration to reconsider be laid on the table. The latter motion was agreed to. OBDEB OF BTSIKEtJS. >Mr. CRAPO. I wk unanimous cmisent to take a bill from the Speak- ;'s table. Mr. WASHBURN. I call for the regular order. Mr. CRAPO. It is a bill which makes no appropriation. The SPEAKER. The regular order ia called for. Mr. BOWMAN. I desire to introduce a hill and submit a report. Mr. CRAPO. I ask to take Irom the Speaker's table Senate bill No. 2340 and put it on ito pa<«age. The SPEAKER. Tbe ngal&r order is caUed for. LIOHT-H0U8B ON CARLETON I8LAJ7D, NEW YORK. Mr. SKINNER, by unanimous consent, introduced a bill (H. R. 7484), ptOTiding So€ the erection of a light-house on the head of Carleton Island, m JeAraoB County, New York ; which was read a first and second time, Tctered to the Committee on Commerce, and ordered to be printed. PHOTOOBAPUEB'S LICENSE-TAX IN DISTKICT OF COLUBfBIA. Mr. BOWMAN, by unanimous consent, introduced a bill (H.R. 7485) to reftmd photogno^her's license-tax erroneously paid to the District of Oolnmbia; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Com- mittee on the District of Columbia, and onlered to be printed. THOMAS O. MACKIK AND HEIBS OP WILLIAM A. HYDE. Mr. BOWMAN also, by unanimous consent, from the Committee on QMms, reported back with a favorable recommendation the bill (H. R. 3309) for the relief of Thomas G. Mackie and the heirs at law of Will- iam A. Hyde; which was referred to the Private Calendar, and the ac- ipwuying report <»dered to be printed. XAVAL 0B8BBVAT0BT. Mr. RAY. I deare to |n«aent the petition of the president and iac- vitj of Dsrtmoath College, praying that Congress may take such action tka* tho new naval observatory shall be built under the direction of tin Soeretary of the Navy, with Hub aid aad advice of a oommiaBion of ■dontiflc meii, and that no superintendent be appointed who has not attained waJniMlw as an astronomer, and that it be referred to the (>>m- ) on Katml AIBhts and printed in tbe Rbcobd. re was no objectaoc, and it waa ordered accordingly . The petition iaaafcUowa: Haxotkk, K. H.. Jaaaary 23, IMS. r ^ MtprtmtmtaHwm m Cba^rass Wa. tka onderaiciMd, member* of the b^ard of inatraetioti in Dartmouth Col- Haa, iBtereated in the procreas of adenoe and especially in the efllcieney and or the Naval Obwrvatorr at Waahii^ton, pettttoia year honmmhle'body B will take Mich actkm that the new ohserralory shall be buiH naderthe dfaactfon of the 8acreta^ of tha Navy wtth the aid and adriee of a . ef,aB*eatiflc^men. and that no sapsi lalim Jwt shall be appointed who Tha Uaitad BhU— Iteval Ohs«rratory ahovld be wsrid ia advaaoiac the seicnee of astrooomy. sad we iathe be in ■4r- 2041 your honorable body incorporate in an act of Oonsreas the above sunestioa, and liberal pcoriatona ite made for its support. S. C. BANTELL, Pi-midmU. CHARIJW H. OOOPEE. O. O. BROWN. CHABLES P. EMERSON. Pruftmor <(f KCNRYR. PARKER, Pra/flMor.Dnrf- Phguitt tmd Imatrmelarin ' CHARLES F. RICHAROeON. Pr^im' JOHN K. LORD', ,iimtritiU Pr^m mr, Daiimomlh OiBsat. DmtmumA Cba^ai. \. 8. HURDY, rnftmtr, DmttmtmOt C. P. FROflT. A^^fcwor Praetier of Meth- OaMtge. eirn*. LOUIS P0THU8, JV^/JMSi-. Oar<a»»ai* T. A. SHERMAK, Pruftmor Mtkt- OMtati maiiea. WTb. WORTHEN, IhttrmeU>r Math- B. T. BLANPIRD, Pntftamtr ChonMry. ftwaWet, PuiIwumO Cbllep*. AarlemllmrM CWhaa. EOWLN J.BABTLETT.ajwnoisPro- J. V. ILAZEN. fV^mi r Otoa Bmgtmmr ftmor, Daitmamlk CWI«pr. ing, H. WRIGHT, AtmHatr /Vii/iassr. E. R. RUOOLES, Pmfmor Modrm Bat tmt»mlk CnUft. Langmofm. E. P. SMITH. Mr. MANNING, from the Committee on the Judiciary, by unani- mous consent, reported back with a favorable reoonunendatton the bill (H. R. 4915) for the relief (rfE. P. Smith; which was referred to tbe Committee of the Whole House on the Private Calendar, and the accom- panying report ordered to be printed. ELIZABETH CONNOK. Mr. STEELE, from the Committee on Pensions, reported back with a favorable recommendation the bill (H. R. 6075) granting a pension to Elizabeth Connor; which was referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the Private Calendar, and the accompanying report ordered to be printed. IMPORTATION OF ADVLTEBATED TEAS. Mr. RANDALL. I desire, from the Committee on Ways and Meau^ to report, as a substitute for bill H. K. 7083, a bill (H. R. 7486) to pre- vent the importation of adulterated and spariou-s teas. I will aak con- sent of the House that at some proper time hereaAer I may call up thi» bill for consideration. It is one to which there will be no objection. Mr. HASKELL. I hope that consent will be granted. Mr. ANDERSON. I rise to a parliamentary inquiry. The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it ilr. ANDERSON. Can not the gentleman from Pennsylvania [}At. Randall] obtain consent at the time he desires to call op the bill, when we have had an opportunity to learn what it is ? The SPE.^KER. That is not a pariiaoientary inqnir>-. Mr. RAND.\LI.<. The bill is to pn^ant the importation of adulter- ated teas, and no one will olyect to it. Mr. HASKELL. I join with the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. Randall] in asking nnanimous consent that at some time when the House shall be in condition for it be may call up this bill for consid- eration. The SPEAKER. The Chair will recognize the gentleman for that purpose. \ Member. A^Tiy not take it up now? Mr. RANDALL. Very well; I ask that the bill be reatl. The bill was read. The SPEAKEIR. Is there objection to cousidering at this time the bill which has just been read? Mr. BEACH. I do not object to the prox^on^iof the bill, but as it is special legislation I object to its consideration now. At the proper time I will notpbject to its consideration, when I can offer an amendment to make its provisions applicable to all adulterated articles. Mr. RAND.\.LL. This is not special legislation. • Mr. BLOUNT. I ask that the report be read. Mr. SPEA KER. The report i»eed not be read, as there ij* objection to the consideration of the bill. Mr. BIX)UNT. I hope the gentleman will withdraw his objection, in order that the House may learn by the reading of the report what the bill is. The bill was referred to the Committee of the ^\'hole House on the state of the Union, and, with tbe accompanying report, ordered to be printed. GAS AND FIKL COMPANY IN DISTRICT OF COLCTMBIA. Mr. BARR, by unanimous consent, trom the Committee on the Dis- trict of Coltunbia, reported, as a substitute for H. R. 7250, a bill (H. R. 7487) to incorporate the United States Gas and Fuel Q>mpmy, and for other pnrposeH; which was read a first and second time, re^t^ to the House Calendar, and, with the acoompan>ing report, ordered to be ininted. KREEDMAN'8 SAVIKOH AND TRUSTT COrfPANY. Mr. LYNCH. I desire to call up at this time the motioo to recon- sider the vote by which the House bill No. 6304, to leimburae the depositors of the Freedman's Sarings and Trust Company for lonee in- curred by the failure of said company was referred to the Committee on Appropriations. My ol^ect is to have the bill referred to another oHumittee. Tbe SPEAKER. The geatleaian from MiaMdppi [Mr. Lynch] on a former day moved to reetMsider tbe vote by which tha bill was re- ferred to the Committee on Appropdations. He now calls up that mo- tioo for consideration. / Mr. LYNCH. I will make a brief statement, which I think will sat- isfy tlie Hoose. The SPEAKER. The first question is on reconsidering the vote by which the House ordered the reference of the bill to the Committee on Appropriations. Mr. RANDALL. Was the motion to reconsider entered at the time? The SPEAKER It wm. Mr. HOLMAN. Is this measure befbre the Honse? *' '" ' The SPEAK ER. The Chair will state Main that when this bill was introduced it was by order of the House rwferred to the Committee on Appropriations. The Chair having indicated that as tbe proper refer- ence, the gentleman from Mi.<wis8i]pjVi moved tbe reference of the bill to the Committee on Education and Labor. That motion was voted dovm, and the bill was, upon the order of^the House, referred to the Committee on Appropriations The gentleman from MissisRippi then entered a motion to reconsider the vote by, which the reference to the Committee on Education and Labor was refused. Mr. K.\ND.\LL. Wa<» this motion to reconsider entered in open House? The SPEAKER. It was entered at the time in open House ai^l went over without consideration. Mr. MILI>*. I wish to inquire whether the rule does not prd>ide that when bills are introduced and referred they shall not be brought back on a motion to reconsider? Mr. LYNCH. I can explain this matter satisfisKiorily in a moment. This bill was in|^t>duoed by me at the last session of Coiupess and re- ferred to the Committee on Ways and Mean-s. That comnuttee, in con- sequence of having its time taken up exclusively in the consideration of the tariff bill, could not consider this measure. Besides the mem- bers of that committee thought the reference was not a proper one, and ordered it to be reported back with a recommendation that it l)e re- ferred to the Committee on Appropriations. In looking over the rules I find that the Committee on Appropriations has jurisdiction only of such bills as provide for making appropriations for the support of the General Government. Moreover, that committee, I am sure, will not have time to give this bill the consideration to which it is entitled. The commissioner of the Freedman's Bank, who is the Comptroller of the Cnrrency, Mr. Knox, strongly recommends the passage of tbe bill. As it applies almost exclusively to laboring people, I submit it should be referred to the Committee on Education and I^abor. Mr. MILLfi. Does the gentleman merely wish to have the reference of the bill changed? Mr. I..YNCH. I simply desire to have the bill referred to the Com- mittee on Education and Labor, so that it may be reported at this ses- sion. The SPEAKER. The Chair does not agree with the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. Lynch] in his \iew as to the limitation of the power of the Committee on Appropriations. But without taking up time, if there be no ohgection, the change of reference ^ill be made and the bill referred to the Committee on Education and I.A]M>r. The Chair hears no obje<-tion, and it is so ordered. NAVAL ACADEMY. Mr. SINGLETON of Illinois. I desire to have read for the informa- tion of the Hotwe a resolution which I send to the desk. The Clerk read as follows: Whereas puUioations hare appeared in the newspapers of serious troubles rzuAing at the Naval Academy at Annapolis between the students and the superintendent: Therefore. tUmiivtd That the Committee oa Naval Affaira be, and are hereby, instroeted to immeduOely inquira lalo tt* eondition of aAOfa at the Naval Academy at Annapolis and report aaaoonaaptactivable the eawm of tlte trouble between the AudenU and the supenntendrnt of said institution, and report whether there haTe occurred there any acts of insubordination on the part of said stu<ienta and the causes thrr«H>f, if any ; whether the said superintendent has been unduly ex- actinc. oppressive, or tyrannical in the irovemment and manaeentent of said Audents; and ma Ice such reoonimendatious as they may deem proper. Mr. K ASSON (interrupting the reading). I object to that if consid- eration is asked at this time. The SPEAKER. Consideration is not a«ked. Mr. K ASSON. But introduction is asked; and I object. The SPEAKER The Chair thinks the resolution might be referred to the Committee on Naval Affitirs. Mr. SINGLETON, of Illinois. I insist that the reading of the reeo- lution be finished. The Clerk (reetiming) read as follows: And for thia purpose they aic hereby authorised to send for personsand papera. The SPEAKER The resolution will be referred to the Committee on Naval Affitirs. Mr. WASHBURN. Mr. Speaker, is it in ordw to call tot the r^ruhtr order? Tbe SPEAKER. It is. Mr. WASHBURN. Then 1 demand the regular order of business. Mr. REED. Mr. Speaker, I nndentand otgectkn was noade to that rcaolntion in reference to the Naval Academy being entered even for reference. The SPEAKER This resolntion has no place in the standing nries for introduction. A resolution of that chancier may be introduced at any time for reference, but not fbr ooneideratton. Mr. REED. The Chair rules such a reaolntion may be intndvoed at any time? ITie SPEAKER. The Chair is not obliged to rule that, but at tbe same time it could not be introduced under the call. Mr. REED. I think if this Government is not big enou^ to run a school without the intervention of Congress it is time some improve- ment was made in it. The SPEAKER The gentieman is out of ocdsr. ESTATE OF JOHN UENBY, DCCKAnD. Mr. TUCKER, by unanimous otmsmt, introdueed a bill (H. R 7488) to autborir>e the legal representatives of the estate of John Henry, de- ceased, to refer their claim to the Court of Claims; which was read a first and second time, referred to tbe Committee on War Claims, and ordered to be printed. MEMOBIAL OF CBXSK IXDIANfl. Mr. SPRINGER, from theCommittee on Printing,reported hack the following resolntion; which was read, ooMidezed, and agreed to: fesoteed. That the memorial of the Creak Nation on the aaUeet <d tha aUa»- ment of land m severalty amon^ the several Indian tribea, with the sniinnitlw thereto attached, oonaiatins of abstracto from the reporis of tha fliMalaij of the Interior and the Oommiaaioner of Indian Affkira, and rvperta of fbroer committees, be printed. Mr. SPRINGER moved to reconsider the vote by which the resoln- tioii was adopted; and also moved that the motion to rei»n8ider be laid on the table. The latter motion was agreed to. MORNING HOUB DISPENSED WITH. Mr. KELLEY. Before moving to go into Committee of the Whale House on the state of the Union to resume the consideration of tli ' ~ bill I move that the morning hour for the call of committess fbr be dispensed vrith. The SPEAKER That requires a two-thirds vote. The motion was agreed to (two-thirds voting in fkvor thoreoO, and the morning hour was dispensed with. WITHDRAWAL OF PAPERS. On motion of Mr. THOMPSON, of Kentucky, by unanimous ooMent, leave was granted for the withdrawal from the files of the Honae of all papers relatingto the claims of J. A. Briggs, administrator, Ac, A. L. ShotweU and W. R. Boice's administrator, no adverse reiwrts having been made thereon. LEAVE TO PRINT. Mr. BELTZHOOVER, by unanimous consent, was granted leave to print some remarks in the Record on the bill (H. R. 7190) fixing and defining duties of the Signal Sonrice. [See Appendix. 1 Mr. BREWER, by unanimous consent, was granted leave to print in the Record some remarks on the tariff bill. [See page 9005. ] PATENT OFFICE REPORT. The SPEAIt^R, by nnanimous consent, laid before the Hooaea letter from the Commissioner of Patents inclosing his repent for the year end- ing 1882; which was referred to the Committee on Patents. STATUE TO JOSEPH HENRY. The SPEAKER, by nnanimotis consent, submitted the following letter; which was referred to the Joint Committee on the Libaiy: SMrrHsoxiAa IxsrriTonav, WatkimiiUm, D. C, Jmmmmry 17. IMlL Sir : I have the honor to inform tbe House of Re|>reaentatiTe8 that, in aeeord- ance with tbe act of C^nsreas of June I, 1880 {Porty-aizth Concreas publio Mt), providing that the regents of this institution be anthoriaed to oonttaflt with W. W. Story, sculptor, for a bronae statae of Joseph Honry, late Beeretary of the Smithsonian Institution , to be erected in the grounds of said inatitotion, theatatoe has been executed and received in Washington, and that Thoiaday the UNh of April has been selected as the day for the public unveiling of the aama. The Oongreaa of the United States having ordered thia alaftae and made Ike appropriation naoeaatry therafbr. the Board of Regents raspsrtf^y invite the Senate and House of Representatives to be preaent on the oooaakMi of its fonnal pre»>entation to the public. I am, sir, very reapeotfully, your ohadiant aarwaot, gpggUMt p. BAIKD. Hon. J. W, <tfA|H llStflifl. TABirr. Mr. KELLEY. I now move that the House resolve itoelf into Com- mittee of the Whole on the state of tbe Union fbr the farther oonnd- eration of the tariff bill. The motion was agreed to. The House aooordingly resolved itself into Committee of the Whole Honse on the state of the Union, Mr. Bnxxows, of MkUiM, in tbe chair. The CHAIRMAN. The House is now in Committee of the Whole for the further consideration of the bill to impose daties on tani^ im- ports, and for other paxpoaes. Tbe Clerk will read tbe pan«J«pb begin- ning with line 531. Mr. HASKELL. BoAve proeeedii« witb tbe caaiid«atkMi of that 2042 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— HOUSE. February 3, wctaon, I desire to make, in line 528, a correctaon of ptawBtoiogj nerdy. la tiw dMHtOB that the committee ordered from qwdfic to aa Talorem lalM thonuMMldlMTebeen » ftirtherdiange bystrikiiig out the words "«■ their we^it" in the line to which I have referred. Mr. CARLISLE. That is correct. The amwidment was agreed to. Tha Ckric icad as fbUows: d Ubm flM> bottles and rials, 2 oenU per potind; if flllsd, and noi liiinMsn for la ttds met, aaid srticle* •hAlI p*7 on their w«i(ht, ex- I of ooaSsaSs, S ssmIb p^ pound in addition to the datjr on the oootents. Mr. Ebrett rose. Mr. SPARKS. I desire to offer an amendment. Mr. HASKELL. Will the Chairman reoognixe the committee first, to make an amendment? The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will recognixe the gentleman fh>m Pam^ylvania. Mr. ERRETT. I desire to amend this paragraph so that it shall con- te^ to the action of the committee on the preceding paragraph on yes- terday, «Dd alao so that it will oMtform to the socoeeding paragraph. I more, thenAm, to strike oat the words " 2oratB per pound, " where they «ecnr, and iosai " 35 per cent, ad valorem." Mr. HASKELL. That is right. Mr. O'NEULL. I desiTe to ask my colleague why he can not make it 40 per cent ad valorem? Mr. ERBETT. In answer to m^ colleague, I will state the reason why I do not make it 40 per cent is that the same kind of glass-ware in the following paragraph is fixed at 35 per cent, ad valorem, and if I make it 40 per esni. m this paragraph it should be also changed in the other. I therefore prefer tli^t tbej should correspond at the rate speci- fied. I therefore propose the amendment which I have suggested. Mr. PRESCOTT. The amendment should apply to lines 531 and 534. The amendment was agreed to. ^ Mr. HASKELL. And the words "on their weight," in line 533, ahoald alao come out to nutke it conform to the phraseology of the pre- «teiig paragraph and to the acticm of the committee. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. CARLISLE. I desire to call the attention of the gentleman from Ifsnaan to the fact that in line 528. to which he referred a few moments ago, there should be a further verbal oorrection^.,as4tl%Etds awkwardly in its present form. The words "said artiel^shall pay, exclusive of contents," should be "exclusive of the^jJuty on their contents." And the same should also apply to the pending paragraph in line 533. I therefore move, with the consent of the gentleman from Kansas, to insert, after the words "exclusive of," in lines 528 and 533, the words "the duty on their;" so that it will read "exclusive of the duty on their contents. ' ' Mr. HASKELL. There is no ojection to that; it ought to be done. The amendment was agreed to. The Clerk read as follows: AH articles of gUtMm, cut, encraved. etched, decorated, painted, colored, printed, Ktained, silvereo, or Kilded, not including plate glaas, silvered, or looking-glaaa plates, SO per cent, ad valorem. Mr. KASSON. There is, as 1 understand it, no objection to strik- ing out " 50 " in this pan^^iyb and iiwerting "45." Mr. KELLEY. The gsntlwriaw is mistaken ; there arc several objec- tlims. Mr. TUCKER I desire to move to amend this paragraph by wiaking it 40, in line 542, instead of 50. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Iowa propoM an amend- wenrtr Mr. KASSON. I shall not press the amendment. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair reoognixes the gentleman from Vir- gini*- Mr. TUCKER. I more the amendment which I have suggested, to strikeout "50," in tfaisliae, and insert "40." That is the duty at present imposed upon these articles, and I see no reason for the increase. I do aot desire to take up the time of the committee with further discns8i(»i. Mr. CRAPO. I hope the motion of the gentleman from Virginia will caVglasB is an article of luxury. It is bought and used solely ^ people of means. The poorer people of course can not purchase it Th» rate of duty upon it does not affect the masses of the people, for it is bon^i by those who are abundantly able to buy it, and the duty is te tha bcnedt of the American skilled glass-cutters. La4 ne illnsteate: Take a glass dish which in its plain form is worth «ad eoata SO cents, and that is mostly labor. The dish is given to the Americaa akilkd glsss cotter, and he expends labor upon it in cutting it and omamentiag it to the value of $5. ft is then sold for seven or eight •dailara. That work of wnamaitatiai ahoald be dose by our own ^bv- mtten, and they must do it in OfeUUsB with the glaas-entten <tf Fiance, England, and Holland. I think it is better on this clam of goods that the dnty shonkl be at a rate which will enable the work to be done hattiB eomtry and to alloiw a flkir compensation in favor of the American artiaaaa ««PfBd in thia partinnlar industry. When then wia a pn- «Biamaifoldand«r the prwBl tariff this indiMtry ww mom floariah- ing than it is now. These are not to-day one-half the unmber of glass- cutters engaged in the bosiness who were employed in this country in 1865. The rate proposed in this paragraph does not of ooune affect the rates on ordinary glass, that is the cheaper grades of glass-ware that enters into the consum|>tiao of the people— that which is osed by nin»- twttia of the families ia the country. Such glass, I say, is not inter- fered with by this item. American glass manuiJEtctttreES have reduced the pri9e of chei^ goblets from |1 . 25 per dozen down aa km as 30 cents a doaen, and from fs a dosen down to 50 cents a doaiai. But when we crane to these fine cnt-glaas goblets, which bring in the market ten. twelve, or fifteen doUais a dozen, iukI which are articles of luxury and where the element that enters into this cost is aluKst entirely skilled labor, we should frame onr tariff laws in such a way as to give employ- ment to the people of this coimtry rather than the people of Enrop&, Mr. CARLISLE. Let me ask the gentleman from Massachusetts ona question for infbrmati(xi, whether thia daoae does not embrace cut gob- lets about which he is speaking, although they may not be decorated or painted? Mr. CRAPO. It does; butth«*e out goblets, which cost in the United 3tate8 from ten to fifteen dollars a dozen, the expense of whieKischieftr labov, I desire to have protected in soch a manner that that \ahor shall be done by American skill rather than by European. Mr. CARLISLE. But does it not al>«> embrace the cut goblets not of that value? Mr. CRAPO. The ordinary glass goblets are not included in this. Mr. KASSON. I would Uke to say to the gentleman (torn Ken- tucky [Mr. Carlisle] I nt'as under a misapprehension as to the paim- graph on hearing it read. I concur in the propriety of keeping thia class of articles at 50 per cent, and I call attention to the fact that the ad valorem is the safe (irinciple to apply here for the reason stated by him in the nature of an objection; for the reason that it is very slight on slight labor and grows with the growing value of the labor. Mr. CARLISLE. I do not object to the ad valorem principle, be- cause it corrects itself; but the proposition is to increase the duty, and that is the point to which I directed attention. Mr. KASSON. There is a slight increase of daty, but not at all equivalent to the reduction effected by the change from paper to gold. Mr. WILSON. I am very sorry to see this attempt luade to strike down one of the large enterprises of this cotintry. All manufacturing enterprises depend on two questions: The first is the cost of prodocing the article*!; the second Ls the amount of money that that article brings in the market. We are told by gentlemen whio have investigated this subject carefully aiKl attentively that the labor invested in the manu- acture of this kind of gl^»-ware is 90 per cent. Mr. DUNN. I understood the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. Ckapo] to say it was all labor and no material. Mr. WILSON. I do not state that. No, sir; it is not all labor. Only 90 per cent, of the cost is labor. I hold in my hand one of the cut-glass goblets referred to bv the gentleman from Massachusetts. Mr. ROBE8<^N. Is there anvthing in it? [Laughter.] Mr. WILSON. The cost of "that article, Mr. Chairman, is fll per dozen to the American manufacturer; $9 of that is paid for labor. Ti^p American manufacturer can not produce that article for less than $11. And yet the same article is sold to the American importer for $9.50 ta |10 per dozen by the European manufacturer. I will ask the Clerk ta read what I have marked. The Clerk read as f<dlows: To illustrate what in known aa the frtra^-bernr diamond-cut pattern : It i to produce one dozen gobleto til. of which not leaa than tV is actaally paid for labor. Same goblet ialm ported and boofrfat by the importer at from fB.fiO to tM ner dosen, all chargca and expeiwra paid. A small diab, 7 incheo in diameter, know aa the Mar and bob-oail pattern, coMa for plain glaM SO centa each ; the actual amoont paid to the workman for outtinK is I4.7S, and in aold for 17.00 -. tba difference has to cover all ontaide expeniwa and inclndc* profit. Prom them* illiuttratioas you will i«e tlutt labor in the principal expeiMW of producing these good*. This statement was made by James Gillinder, president of the EMi- em Association of Glaas Mannfitcturers, an intelligent and reliable gen- tleman. Mr. WILSON. The gentleman on my right claims that he has a constituent who will cut and engrave this glaas goblet which I hold in my hand in twentv minutes. Mr. HAZELTON. In ten minutea. Mr. WILSON. That article is of European production and Ls sold, here by the importer at |3.75 a dozen; and with an ad valorem doty of 40 per cent, the article can not be prodcned by the Americaif mann£ici- nrer at that price without a loss; so that the gentleman ia in error ia his figures and his estimate. The lowest possible duty that will en- able the American manufacturer to produce it is 50 per cent, ad valorem. Mr. SPRINGER Where was it produced? Mr. WILSON. In England. Mr. MILIi^. I suggest that a table be brought in for the exhibition of these goods. Mr. WIUBON. I have here the ^baa dish referred to iu the extract which I had read fhMn the desk a moment ago. Mr.'MILLfi. What does the gentleman ask for that dish? Mr. WIIJ90N. I beg to my to the gentleman from Texas if it were 1883.* •t t CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— HOUSE. 2043 handed to him fhll of i^jple-toddy he would not ask me the price of Uie f^tm. rLaoghter.] Mr. MiLlij. I guess the gentleman from West Virginia is fionderof apple-toddy than I am. The CH AIRMAN. The committee will come to order. The gentle- man fVom West Virginia will suspend until order is restored. [Alter a pause. 1 The gentleman from West Virginia will proceed. Mr. WILSON. Mr. Chairman, it is a remarkable fact that gentle- men upon the fioor of the House who have never g^ven five minutes at' tention to the cost of manufacturing glass are here howling vigorously to ftrike down a great American enterprise. They do not even consider wheat qoaf&ng their lager beer, when stimulating with their brandy, or regaling themselves with champagne from cut-glass goblets, the cost of the goblet. [Here the hammer fell.] Mr. COX, of New York. I have been looking around at this fumi- tnre and find that although it is very wonderfU in its make Mr. WILSON. I beg the gentleman's pardon. I have not concluded yet. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from West Yiiginia has expired. Mr. WILSON. I desire to make a parliamentary inquiry. I gave three minutes of my time for the Chair to suppress the noise and riot gotten up by five-trade gentlemen. I think the Chair should make allowance for that time and not curtail me. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will state that allowance was made for that time. Mr. ROBESON. If I am permitted I will take the floor and give the gentleman from West Virginia my time. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York [Mr. Cox] is fotitled to the fioor. Mr. COX, of New York. I was about to say, though this manufact- ure which comes from WTieeling, West Virginia, is very wonderful, yet even the gentleman from West Virginia himself is still more wonderfiil. Consider the makeup of a man such an I can see around me, consider his various thew.s and sinews and tis8U(« and mcihanism harnessed and ready under the human intellect, and you will find the epitome of all that is manelous in manufacture ! And there is no tariff on man, as such. He may come into this country without restriction, duty, or pro- tection. He comes in free; 750,000 came last year, and nearly all labor- ing men. Wah it not said here that Indiana is sending for the Belgian glaas-blowers to come here? Have they not come without hinderance? Do they nr»t cheapen otir wages by increasing the number of wage- earners? Mr. VAN V^XiRHIS. Who get rich here under our tariff laws. Mr. COX, of New York. Who come here and get rich under our flag without any ad valorem or other duty. Wlien the gentleman from West Virginia sat down I was about to quote Shaksp^rc's transcend- ent description of man. I will do so: What a piece of work la man ! How noble in reason! how infinite in fiacultiea ! in form and moving, bow expreaa and admirable ! — As I read that I see our honorable chairman brushing up his hair. [Laughter.] — in aoUon, how like an angel I — I am still personal, as you will see. [Laughter.] — ia apprehenrion, bow like a (od! the beauty of the world! the paragon of an And yet you would tax this paragon after he is here 50 cents for the cut-glass ware in which he takes his drinking water or any other mix- ture. [Laughter.] I would like also to have printed in the Rboord a description from an eminent chemist and mechanician of exactly what a man is with all his various ramifications of force, his internal machinery, his architect- ural columns to support him, his deftly-woven tissues, the rich color which shows npon the cheek of beauty, and also irradiates the hair of some gentlemen who represent our lofty Rocky Mountains. [I.Atigh- ter.] I ask attention to this description : "WSAT A raCK or WOKK IB UAMi" Already in the flr«t man who trod tbeaoil of our planet the ipMt mechanical and ebamlcal discoveriea of un*»unted agea were anticipated. Ilia tiaauea were woven in a loom no eastern flngera, no western machinery could rival. Where strength was needed a power of retdstanoe Uke that of iron was Riven to atrands of flbers liner than the apidera thread, seen only aa it Rliatcnj* in the sunbeam. Where elsMticity wan wanted a sulistanor like caoutchouc exudedandsolidified. Thepil- lant which support hia frame would crumble under it were they not many times stronger in substance than the oolvauM ^Hdch support hia tcniplea. The lever- age of hia limbs ia a4justed to hia needs with an audacity whudi no engineer would venture. The hydraulics of the circulation are but clumsily imitated in our aqutrUucta and their distribution. And what are all the Oood^pates of human contri>-ance compared to those delicate translucent valves wbidt we were so re- cently atud vinK, which stand guard at tbe month of the great artery and arrest the solid column of blood coming back upon them like the blow or a hammer day and night, aeventy times a minute fur seventy years and s» ouiny more aa life mav spare uaT Man H Bore than a machine, but aa a machine he ia an ever-present miracle. ilia bcttrt is a time-keeper which connU the seconds foraoentary with one wind- ing up. The beating apparatus of oar dwellings in tbe surfiuse ot its radiatora and the pots of its famaoes only repeats tbe ralvuUe oonniventes and the villi of our own mneoMs nisihiaiiiu. No teleptione conveys a MeaSMS ao lytlifiilly as the mciiiiwiae at thm tympanum transmits it to tbs Hstsasn m llts teceMW of tbe labyrinth. No steam-engine can work with ao little fatl as tbe human or- piodaM Ike clow of a agnuBofattMuneB: nomanteal man bean like a woman's Toioe; noleoseaaadapCllHlftoliMllItetks eye. And so we oixne ba^ to tbe mleroseopeTUie psitei^lun oT wkW oped by imitating as it best might those adtroinatlo arfMwemeata. Um ing pigment, the diaphragm, the adJiMtments for iirianm. which w«m all plete in the Ont man irtio opened his eyelitk on rrfiatton Now, why should we legislate to keep out of this oountir this ^ gtm, this composite glory of chemistry, this express and atlmi^.^HB angel, this god-like being, by a hi^ tariff 1 The various elements and the chemical compounds constitute a man. Why, if reaaopable, art keep out man himself? Does he not come here to dieMeo jour laborf It is the old argumentation which we have had ofleBMta% —»«< this is the answer to any argumentation in favor of a high ptotolive tariff. Now to come back to this particular tariff bill and the particular item now pending. On this kind of cut glass we gave theae men lasl year a bounty of $800,000 on a product of about $3,500,000. And there an engaged in that ptodact but one hundred and seventv-ive hands above 16 years of age, and a few others besides under 16. I do not care so much about the items. The main idea of the bill ta that it taxes everything which we eaa wmdbify tm in this country which goes to make up the chemistiy andmechantam of man; and yei it proposes to let man in free of duty at our ports. [Here the hammer felLj Mr. KELLEY. Shakmare's description of man, as quoted by the gentleman fh)m New York [Mr. Cox], was of a man like CMew^yo's Zulus, the Ute and the Sioux Indian; ^ot of man as we know him ia our fellow-citizens, as a being of intellect, sentiment, and emotion, fiom whom comes the family and the state, and who by means o( our pft>- tective system has devesloped the arts and industries thateall into play all of man's higher powers and faculties. When exigencies of the war compelled resort to protective duties we could not have made in the United States this article [holding up a green glass etched water-pitcher]. But we make th«n now, and they are among the cheap articles of our production. By means of the designs on this beautiful ware, we are sending to Europe sketches of American sports with the rod and the gun, and are domoBticating in the humble homes of this country evidences of the genius of onr men and women in designing and producing this glass-ware. Sir, the man who produced this pitcher, the man who has developed the art of embellishing silk.s and woolens and worsted, poroetain and glass, as is done in France, and which is also being developed in Uriaeana- try, is a being as transcendentally above, in all the poaslMlities of en- joyment and usefulness, the gentleman's mere physical man, the Zulu, or the laboring inhabitant of free-trade Ireland, starving while willing and able to labor, and the men of free-trade Turkey, British India, and Egypt, where they are doomed by the master nation of the world to buy her products and let their own faculties slumber, as the angel in Heaven is above the developed man or woman who gives tone aod charac- ter to our modem industries. [Applause on the Republican side.] I hope that a tariff policy which lias thus developed all the higher clemtnts of man tmder our republican institutions will be maint^inoH ^nd that no penny of it will be abated. Mr. HERBERT. Mr. Chairman, 1 think I have heard that argument about free-trade Ireland, or Ireland starving imder free trade, £»n tbe lips of the gentleman from Petinsyh-ania at least a dozen times in thta House; and at least a dozen times has that argument been answered on this floor. It was not free trade that reduced Ireland to her present miserable condition. Ireland has been robbed and plundered by the British Government for two hundred years past. At least one hundred years before y.ngla»Mi adopted free trade, at a time when England was living under a protect- ive tariff, so much and so often eulogized by the gentleaMn ttom Penn- sylvania, the condition of Ireland became what it is now. AbaanlMtaBi, landlordism have sucked the life-blood out of that unhaiqiy iMoA. Avar- ice and oppression reduced her to bleary long before free trade waa thought of; and when England was holding fast to that barbaraoa ija- tem for which the gentleman from Peimsylvania ia eondwdiqg now Ireland became what she is to-day. This country is in a diflVrent condition. Our people own their own lands and nothing can reduce them to beggary and starvation but un- just and oppreflsive laws. It is agaiaai ii^Datice, wgainat that system of oppression that robs one clan to eavMi SDOther, that I pkad to-day. Ijei us keep in mind tbe rights of all when we are discussing the ques- tion before us what tariff ought we to place on the articles in this iteuL I agree with the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. Crapo] in his re- mark a moment ago that engraved and decorated glass is an aitiele of luxury and could stand a high tax. I am in £ftvor of fixing tha las «■ this article at precisely the revenue point. The gentleman desires to increase the duty, as the committee has recommended, ftum 40 to 50 per cent Why? He tells you the result will be that the covered by this item will then be manufiMtnred in Ameriaa abroad. That is to be the result, as the gentleman from 7 ' I think correctly, predicts. Tho revenue now oc^ected on this item at 40 pereoA tafM^MOper annum. Now, if the gentleman is right, if the rasoli of latalM tha dutf from 40 to 50 per cent. wiU be that theae artklaihsNaflarander this ia- 2044 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— HOUSE. Februaby 3, 1883. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— HOUSE. 2045 ii I . dalf an yi to be laawftwiliind in Amwira, tbea thi* bOl is -,-rw-n — *r SO te •» liHl; tteoi to emeened, a biQ to rednee wyiwie by ■«ifrV'"|> the daty prohibitoiy . If impwtations are to cease, no duty wiU ba aaUaBtod. I am not in mor vi soch a redactioa of revenue as that; I am BOttn^wroref lessiiiagtoaay imch proeeas. I want to save this revenoe of $348,000 by keeping the duty at 40 per cent where it is now. Mr. WIIiK)N. I move to strike out the last word. Mr. Chairman, tbia is not the fimt time I have heard expnawd on this floor the views fell from the lips of the gentleman firom New York [Mr. Cox] I morning. Similar views, subAtantially, have been sent to almost every member of this House. They are the views oi the importeis and f in ghwa wata. They are the views of those who to-day buy ar- Ini^iak msmrfiirtnrr in preference to those of American nuin- ire. There is bat one dam of people who ore oppoHed to this pro- toetive system, and it is the cUmb represented >>y the gentleman from New York and the English manufitcturers. In so fiu* as yoo keep the tariff down to such an extent that the American manufacturer can not compete with the European manufacturer, you thereby acoomplLsh the work that the foreign manufacturer desires. You give him protection, but no protection to American labor. I hold in my hand a plain dish that can be produced for 50 cents. I have also the same dish, diamond cut, that can 1>e sold for f7.50, of which $4.75 is paid to the American laborer. If you follow the view.s of the gentlemxui from New York you forever prohibit the nianutacture of these goods in this country. I also showed the House a few moments ago a cut and engraved tumble^ of Eur(^>ean manufacture. Under an ad valorem duty of 40 per cent, no American manufacturer can produce such goods. Upon this snbject I desire to quote f]x>m the testimony of an old constituent of mine, Mr. C. W. Brocknnier, who is to-day the pressident of the Flint-Glaas Aiwociation of America, and is perhaps the iMst posted man on this subject in the country. He states that another tumbler which I have here was dve years ago manufactured nowhere but in Europe. The Freneh sold this tumbler in the American market fvn- $1.45 per dozen. After that the nwnnfitctnre of these articles was ctHumenced at Wheeling, in my own State, and to-day we are selling them at 4o cents per dozen. The price has been ait down by reason of the competition between the European and the American mannflMrturer. If yoo do not give a duty of 50 per c«nt. ad valorem upon these arti- cles this tumbler can not be sold here by the American manufacturer at the present price. It is ornamented with a dog; and tumbler, dog, and all, it can be sold for about 65 to 75 cents per dozen. So impremed was the president of the glass asawciation by the distinguished Mid elo- quent gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Tl'ckkk], a member of the Oom- nuttee on Ways and Means, that he requested me to turn the tumbler over, dog aad all, with his compliments, to that distingnished gentle- 'man, which I now do. I desire to read ttova the testimouy of .James Gillinder, the president of the Eastern Glam AsMwiatiou, and Mr. Bruckunier, to whom I have referred. Thme two gentlemen are perhaps better informed on this subject than any other two men in Ameri(a. and no doubt their testi- luoay had moxe weight than that of anybody eL»c in deteruiLning the ooDclnsiona leached by the commission, i read fix>m the testimony of Mr. Brockovim: I haTe hers a tumbler known to the trade m a whisky tumbler. 8ix jreara •CO, when the Am«rioan manofacyirer commenoed to nake them, they were imported by the oaae of twenty-flve dozen at a coat o^ about Sl.io. We nutde soaae, aod our very flrat prioe was tl.3S; but they are now nold at -M) oeiitfl. I ■appow tlw piioe uow woald ba HMaewliere about tl.as or SI. 40 for these Kooda if we had not eonunenced maUng them in this country. Some of the French ■aaoiMtiueis marts a ipedal list of prices to meet Amtrican competition, and ■aM thsir coods for the Aaaerican trade at a lower pri^se than they did noods talh— to any othar country. They were compelled to do that two years ago. Here is what Mr. Gillinder says: Under this duty it la impoiwible for our manufiictureni to make tb««e i;ood«»o aato aell thaai a* aa low a price as the imported iroods are sold at under the ex- Miac tariff. Ilia aast of makinic is very near all in tl>e tabor, and at the praaant low priaa of labor in Oermaay aod Belinum. where nioiit of theae goods are ■ade, H ia poaaible for the manolhaturen of thoMe countries to pay inland car- »oraan freight, and coat of .paekaice. and sell them, including doty, ain^ aqpMtl to the ooafeof labor alone in this country. I desire also to call attention to the views of the Tariff Comnusnion on this subject: la Isa than twenty years this industry has been established to such an extent tlMl M yodnuaa aboat one-half of the |10,an,OOD of theae ware* oaad in the ooon- try : ii w n«w, aa we think, laaaniahing. and, in view uf all the ihcta antearing in the ^al amenta made to oa, the small increase of duty recommended is neoee- aary to ita ooattnaed exiatenoe in this country. Pasctattd ehlna we regard as a luxury which imn aflord to pay litieraUy to the aoppofli at the OoTsmment, and in our opinion it U probable that under the rates proposed there will be a material increase in the produc-tion of this daaa vi coodi in the United Stales. Ia Iha Matter ef glaaa auuialhetarea we have reoomasended a chaise la the CoT the paragraph co«eriacnlaia,«aU,aadpi«aaed glaaa,aad flint or ^„ , and the adopMoa ef a ^bbMc Inatead of an ad valorem duty, I we believe to be as low as it can be pot and permit the oootinoance of the On estk ■•■■■• lid, paiated. aolored, Ac. glasa-ware we reoonunend that the lf^aai«>p«veaa|.to80percent. ad valorem, beoaoae we regard <-« aa laxiaha which can afford to pay the higher rate. . beth ailveredand uaailveted, we have retained the rlamiflra — --. — - -L*^ praaent tariff, which seem to »« quite low on the Mialler . '^i'etbe larger staea can well bear heavyratesof duty, astheyaieartMea . need by the wealthy, aad oMy eeifalnly be pro|>erly cUieed as arttdce of laxnry. Mr. MILLS. Mr. ChainMtt, I rise to osfpomt the amendment of the gentleman from West Virginia. If we are to reach the purpose which seema to be sought by the mover of this amendment, my Iriend from Maaaachnsetts [Mr. Crapo], and those who have supported him on the floor, it would be much easier to accomplish that porpoae by simply prohibiting the introduction of any articles competing with these wares which have been so oetentotioDsly paraded before this House this morn- ing and yesterday. Lf the question were alone submitted to us as to how we can best make this business profitoble, I am sure the best way to do it is to prevent anybody from any part of the earth coming into competition mth the manufiM^ture of these wares. But I imagve there are some other questions which conflict with that idea and which we must consider. We have no authority in this House, as the highest tribunal in the country has decided already two or three times, to leg- islate so aa to take property out of the pocket of one man in order to put it into the pocket of another man. ITie power that is \ ested in this body is the power to lay taxes in order to collect revenue to carry on the Government. Now, our fitthers, when they were proceeding to dis- charge that duty, said that you could, within the limitation of the rev- enue standard, so impose duties as to give incidentally in raising reve- nue protection to the development of infant American industries. But, sir, you have gone past that, and now your proposition ia to destroy all revenue and distress commercein order to build up these petted man- ufM-tures. It seems to me, Mr. Chairman, we ought, before we parade these ghuM bottles and fancy jars here before the representatives of the people, to consider, in the first place, just exactly how much revenue the Govern- ment c-an get from the importation of these articles. That is the qoes- tion we came here to determine, and not the question of how deplorable is the condition of poor prostrate Ireland. There are other portions of the world beside Insland which are in distress. I read in this morn- ing's paper a meJitncholy instance of starvation at Wilkes Barre, Penn- sylvania. There ought not to be anything of that kind in that pros- perous State, protected as it has been by the various munificent laws passed for that purpose. Ireland, Mr. Cluurman, has not been prostrated because of revenue laws. Ireland was prostrated by the conquest of the kings of England, who confwcated the lands of the Irish people and pan-eled them out among their own followers and henchmen. Ireland to-daj', unfortu- nately, Mr. Chairman, belongs to a race of carpet-baggers. Her people have been plundered over and over again, and they have been brought to that condition of distress in Ireland where there are two separate orders formed in a state, one very few, very powerful, and very rich, and the other very numerous, very destitute, and very poor. And, sir, you are proceeding to accomplish precisely the same result here which has been brought about in Ireland, with the difference only that there it was accomplished bj' the force of ami.><. w4iile here you propose to do it through the iusidious processes of legislative robbery. What Ire- land wants is home-rule, in order that s^ may protect herself against the unjust and iniquitous legislation of the English Parliament, which we all know from reading her history- destroyed first her great woolen nianuiactories and then her great linen indiutries, in order to build up by a system of legislative robbery tho^e of England. [Here the hammer fell.] Mr. SHALLENBERGER. Mr. Chairman, I desire to add jnst one word on this subject of glass. 1 happen to have within the limits of my district the largest tumbler factory in the United Stotes. Mr. TUCKER. It is impossible to hear what the gentleman is say- ing, the ccmfosion in the htdl is so great The Chairman ra{^ied to order. Mr. SHALLENBERGER. I wish, Mr. Chairman, to emphasize just one fx two points made in this debate. As I have already remarked, I have in my district the largest tumbler works in the United States of America, and so far as I know the largest in the world. But I do not speak in the interest of that establishment. It can, as ixnv locatetl and admirably managed, succeed better under present duties than a dozen smaller estoblishments all over the United Statea. It, indeed, has not asked me to speak for it. It is now prodncing wares that will compete in price with any in this country. It manuflu*tures tumblers in (^cat variety, of excellent quality, and costing bat a trifle per dozen. Those same tumblers can be taken by mechanics Mid ground and decorated, and in other ways can have expended on them labor, when they become g^asB-ware such as is covered by this paragn^th. They are not, when thus finely cut and decorated, such tumblers as are nsed in the homes of the great mass of the people, as my friend from Matwachusetts has already stoted. We are now enacting a tariff rate on such tumblers and such only as are nsnaUr parchied by the people well-to-do — by a lim- ited class of people in tne country, and not by the manes of the people. What is the duty we propose to put on these tuihlen ? The pres- ent duty is 40 per cent , and we ask that it shall be 50 per cent. The present duty was imposed when gold was ranging fVom 130 to 230. Forty per cent., gold nrting 250, made the duty lOU per cent, currency. When many of these greatlndnstries were founded thii duty of 40 pw cent gold made 100 per cent currency. Then theae indik»tries wero better sustained by a 40 per cent duty than they will be under the proposed 50 per cent Stistain the 50 per cent , Avored by the TarifT Commission, indorsed by the Ways and Means Committee, and these i^mu&ctureiB can still live and still give yon these tumblers at one- half or two-thirds of the price you were p^yiog when the duty waa first established. . , Now, toke those two points, that ytm are imposing a duty on an article of luxiuy and that you are reducing it from 100 currency to 50 per cent, iuid that is all we ask yon to do. Mr. McKlNLEY. I hope, Mr. Chairman, that the amendment of the gentleman from Virginia will not prevail. Its adoption would de- .<ttoy a new and valuable industry in the United Stotes which employs skilled labor in many of the Stotes of the Union. Mr. TUCKER. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a question ? Mr! McKlNLEY. I have but one minute. - I want to soy right here, Mr. Chairman, that the reasons which in- duced the committee on yesterday to increase the duty <m decorated earthen- ware applies with" equal force to the proposition of the Commit- tee on Ways and Means for a 50 per cent, duty upon cut, engraved, or decorated glass-ware. ^.. . . I now move that the committee rise for the purpose of limiting debate on this section. Mr. SPARKS. I hope the gentleman will not insist upon that mo- tion at this time. 1 desire to be heard. Mr. KELLEY. I hope the committee will rise and limit debate on this clause and all amendments. Mr. McKINLEY. The gentleman from Hlinois will no doubt have an opportunity to be heard after the debate w limited. Mr. SPRINGER. I desire to be heard also in this connection. The CHAIRMAN. The question is upon agreeing to the motion of the gentleman from Ohio. The committee divided; and there were — ayes 97, noes 34. So the motion was agreed to. The committee accordingly rose; and Mr. KoBixaox, of Massachu- setts, having taken the cliair as Speaker pro ianpon, Mr. BuBBOW , of Michigan, reported that the Committee of the Whole House on the .•ttatc of the Union having had under consideration fhe tariff bill, had come to no resolution thertx.»n. Mr. McKINLEY. I move that the House now resolve itself in Com- mittee of the Wliole House on the stote of the Union to further con- sider the tfuiff bill; and pending that I move that all debate upon the clause under consideration and all amendments thereto be limited to five minutes. Mr. CARLISLE. 1 suggest to the gentleman from Ohio that inas- much as this is an important item and the proposition is to increase the duties from 40 to 50 per cent, ad valorem, he should be willing to allow additiomil time or at least twenty minutes for debate, one-half to be occupied by this and one-half on the other side of the question. Mr. McKINLEY. We have had almost an hour of debate already upon this paragraph. « I am perfectly willing, however, if it will sat- j.sfy gentlemen upon the other side, to make it fifteen minutes. Mr. CARLISLE. There are two or three gentlemen, two at lesust, on this side who desire t^ be heard, and if we toke twenty minutes there can be two on this side and two on, the other heard for fi^e minutes each. Mr. McKINLEY. I will stiggest, in order to save the time of the committee, that we limit the debjite to fifteen minutes, and I will give gentlemen upon the other side all toe time with the exception of two minutes. Mr. R.\NNEY. Make it ten minutes, and let them take all of it Mr. McKINLEY. Fiaeen mintftes and they t<} have thirteen is the proposition. Mr. CARLISLE. We do not ask the gentleman for more than ten; we prefer twenty minutes, to be equally divided. If, however, the gen- tleman prefers it, we shall not object to his proposition. Mr. McKINLEY. I then modify the original motion and propose that all debate upon the pending clatise and amendments thereto be limited to fifteen minutes. The motion was agreed to. Mr. McKINLEY. I now move that the House resolve itself into OOnunittee of the Whole House on the stote of the Union for the further eoosMeration of the tariff bill. The motion was agreed to. The Hoose aoewdingly resolved itself into Committee of the Whole House on the stote of the Union, Mr. BCBBOWS, of Michigan, in the chair. The CHAIRMAN. By order of the House, all debate upon the pend- ing paragraph and all amendments thereto is limited to fifteen min- ntes. Mr. SPARKS. I move to strike out the last word for the purpose of offering a few remarks on this clause. I must confess, Mr. Chairman, that I do not understand the character or sense of the arguments nsed by the gentleman from West Virginia and other gentlemen who parade to our view the fjact that some years ago articles of glass-ware of Uie kind mentioned to this section were at a hi^ier price than they are to- day. Of course they were higher then than now, and it is to be hoped that the causes which have produced this change will still continue to operate. The same applies to almost every other article that could be named. But I might ask these ganllemen whether or not the English mannfincturers now demand $1.50 a dozen for the kind of ^ass goblet I r which they hare presented here; and if thqr do so, ind the Ai mannfJEtcturen can roanufitctnre them fior 40 cente per docen, thej want any pratocAian apdast the EngjUah maBniwtorer? Bnt if that be not the case— and we all know that it is not-^why use that sort of .buncombe ugnment ? Now, we all know that this cissssfgisss waie isof thekfaidtimttlis wealthier and the middling ciaases of the people of this oonDt^r aisnloBS abletoiae. Bnt it will abw be remembered l^ the otHiunittoettsAasr peo|de are becoming ({uite refined in their tastes. Yon will find 'AiA kind of f^aas-ware all over the West, and to a certain extent in many <if the fitrm-honses. Bnt let the stotement of the esse stead as hnadhr as it is made that this class of goods beloofl to and is oajjpwTflhassB by the wcAlthier and middling classes of the people in geiiBiaL Why, I ask, should Congress, by favoritism in legislation^ protect a Ibw maii- ufiK-turing estoblisliments to the prqudiee and injury of the millioBS uf this class of consumers? ^V^^y put a duty on these articles that virttt- ally prohibits their importotion (because, sir, that is the effect of a .'^ per cent, ad valorem duty in this case) ? And that is the argument, to>. of some of the gentlemen, notobly the gentleman ftom West Virginia [Mr. Wn;BON], who have advocated it. Sir, I want these articles to bear a good round import duty in the mterest of the Treastiry, and not otherwise. 1 believe that I would be willii^ to tax them to the fhll extent of a maximum rerenne. I wonhl do this because it is a tax that &lls upon a class of psople who are able to stand it. Forty per cent, is a high duty! That mle will, as I MB informed, give the largest revenue that you can get upon tiiese astUsB. Anvthing beyond that will be in the way of a bounty to these mMm- facturers, which I will not vote for in this or any other case under any cireumstances. Bnt. Mr. Chairman, let us see how the gentlemen engaged in this manutacture are getting aloi^. We are told here by gentlemen QmX this in&mt mdustry is about to die ; that it can not survive if you do not give it the protection of a 50 per cent duty on imports. Now, how in God's name has it got along thus fitf when still younger under a 40 per cent, duty? Forty per cent, ad valorem, I believe, is the present law. Why increase it now when it is getting older ? Mr. WILSON. Let me say a word to the gentleman. When you ha<l a {vemium on gold they made a larger profit Mr. SPARKS. Oh ! I have bean} that bodi about the premium on gold till I am getting tired of it We are now down to hard pMi. thank God, and have been for several years. I desire now, Mr. Chairman, to refer the committee in this oimnec- tion to the Census Bulletin No. 118, to show how these poor glaas-mann- facturing "infants," which are about to die because of their inability to compete with foreign imports, have been getting along under the present duty of 40 per cent I find that there are engaged in the mann- fiictuTC of this class of glass-ware eighty-two establishments in the United Stotes. The capital mveeted is $7,189,278, and the totol annnal products of these works is $9,534,020? Mr. CRAPO. Docs the gentleman mean tosay that there i8$9,634,«IO of glass-ware under this particular class or item mann&ctnred in the United Stotes — this {larticular class of glass? Mr. SPARKS. I refer to the total products of these works as shown by this bulletin from the Censtis Bureau. Mr. CRAPO. Then you embrace, of course, pressed gines-waw, cheap glass-ware, all kmds of glass-ware? Mr. SPARKS. Oh ! no; I speak of the particular class of glass-ware which is substantially covered by this clause of the bill now under eon- sideraticm. Mr. CRAPO. Not at all, Mr. SPARKS. There are a great many other chMwes of ^am mann- factiires as shown here in the Census bulletin toble, and a great nnm- ber of other estoblishments for their manafiBcture other than ^rfs ^as. But I refer to those manofitcturing the particujar das of goods men- tioned in this chinse of the bill. Perhaps it may « wver soMsyiing ha- yond strictly the articles in the clause, but substantia Uy it relates to \ only. Now the total product as I stoted is f9,634,0!» per annum, wages amount to $4,446,217. The value of materials used i8$3,289,064. Making a total of $7,735,281, which subtracted from the total ptodnct of $9,534,020, leaves a gross profit of $1,798,739 annuaUy onanetOMi- tol of $7,189,278 to these manufecturers, being ovei- 30 per cent on tiie capitol invested. .And yet these helpless " bahes " can not live withont more protection. [Here the hammer fell.] ♦ Mr. KASSON. I wish to answer the question, so fitr as it was put in g«)od fiuth by the gentleman fWim lUinoia [Mr. Bpabu], whyadfl 10 per cent, to the existing rate? First, becanse the rate is laiwrrt 50 per cent than it vrae at 40 per cent, undertheearlier ail Mniinn of the law, owing to the premitlm then payable on gold. , Secondly and chiefly, the art of cutting gln» ia attoiaedonly ojm§ practice and a good deal of education. If the f«»5?2i^i!Llfto the factories abroad, where this work is done so ■■'■•■■J?* ^*t^^ this coimtry, he will find that the art descends fromfcHiirteson. m sons grow up in the practice of the art, and the r d» the J»» « g"^ half of the time in which it can be done by men ^hoseedncwM*™*™* branch is not complete. The object of P"'**^^ ^'fl^^'T^ ^^ secure that education to our workmen, which will of ttaau •nie \ A < it' :-sS 2046 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— HOUSE. Fbbeuaby 3, ■■ . Aortea the tiiDe giTcn to the lAbor npoa the glaos and cheapen the prodoei. Aa Fmnee originaDy pirdiibited the importation of fine g^a« ontil riw bMMM the chewiest market in the world for the prodnction of fine glass, by a sofBcient daty'we give protection to the mana&ctnxe here aod we edocate the workmen in glaas with the reealt ultimately of dMapening the prodoct And, instead of looking to one year's result, if we look to the resnlt of twenty years we fii^ what has attended •vwy other protected indastry in the coontry, a great ^tll■^^l■lill^, of the price of the prodact. The duty is ad valorem. If the work is little the duty is little. If the work is much the duty is much. Let our Tkh men, who are able to import the fine foreign prodact, buy the home prodact as it attains equal character until it is reduced in price by the natural etkct of home production. The result will prove very bene- ficial to the ooontiy in keeping our money at home and educating our workmen till we shall rival F^ice in the production of this artide. Mr SPRINGER. The gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. Kklley], dMiiman of the Oommittee on Wa^s and Cleans, has jnst exhibited to «■ a Tcry beantifU speetmen of stame<l gUku- ware. He deduced there- from an aigament in favor of a protection of 50 per cent ad valorem in ofder that this kind of glass-ware might be made in this country. lie wants its manniacture protected as an in&nt industry. We have heard ao much about protecting in&nt indo.<>triea that I concluded I would examine somewhat carefully the authorities on the mannfitcture of glass. Mr, KELLEY. Willlhe gentleman pwdon me Mr. SPRINGER. Certainly, if the interruption is not taken out of my time. Mr. KEILLEY. I desire to correct a statement which I made yester- day. The article referred to was not a caspidor; it was a vase. Mr. DUNN. The gentleman is very late in finding out the differ- Mr. FLOWER. He did not know the difference himself. Mr. SPRINGER. The gentleman from Pennsylvania, then, can not be rarprised at my asking him what the article was, since it seems he did not himself luxow. It is claimed that the mann&ctnre of giam i» an infimt industry, and tiMnAne must be protected. I have sent for the American Encyclo- pedi*, and will read from it some extracts which I find under the title of '* j^ass. " The argument is made that this article must be protected as an infimt industry. It is also said that glass is a very useful article. I concede that. It has been used for many centuries and its manufact- ure is no new thing, even in the colored tints which the gentleman from Peansylvania exhibited. So &r as the usefnlne^w of this product is eoooemed, it will be seen by relerence to the encyclopedia that — No matertol invented by man is to Im conip«red with kIms in the service it has rendered. To ito aid, applied in a tbou-vuid different forms, the pr«ei< partiealarlycbemiiAry and MtroDomy, are etneiitiAlly indebted for their adi aea*. It has served alike to brioK within the ken of man aolar •jrateme too re- ■Mlto for anaesiated vision to det«ct, and to open new worlds of Uvinc ci«*tures toe Bftinnte for their forms to imprint a senitible imase upon the delicate mecb- •nkm of the eye. Thm has it extended and masnifled our conceptions of the oaiverae, and of the power of Him who created it. In every direction we find it tn homelier waja applied to add to the physical comforts of man. The people ought to be permitted to use an article of such greet vtility without being required to pay a tax thereon, averaging from 50 to liO per cent I call attention to the following extracts which throw light on the iaABcy of this manu£»cture: "nm tect tbakflaas beads or other ornaments of the same material, imitating; rariooB gema in color and beauty, have be»n found with mummiea more than ^ y^afs old, carries back the manufacture in Egypt to a very remote time. Mr. KELLEY. Were those glasses which were found among the mummies gl —ea of American mauuiacture madeatWTieeling and Bell- aire, as my pitcher was? Mr. SPRINGER. The gentleman is older than I am and perhaps he can rnmeBibili better about it. It is said that the pyramids contain the toealM of ancient kia^i of Egj^ Perhaps in those pyramids will be Mad mdawne of |^a« cnt and painted equal in beauty and design to Uioee which fche gentleman has exhibited. Mr. KELLEY. Were they made in this country ? ^ j^- SPRINGEIR. I presume not. They were made without the MMflts of a protective tariff. N^wleon, when in Egypt, addreswed his Miny, saying to them, "Soldiers, from the summit of those pyramids ■rty centuries look down on you. " So we might say, ' ' From the sum- ■ii of the pyramids of Egypt forty centuries look down on ns and remind us that this is not an infant industry." Thia artide in the encyck^iedia fturther says: In the ruins ttt Nineveh giaM leaMa. VMea, bottles, *c.. have been found. ^j?*" ^* ^**™ *^* *" **** pyramids of Egypt and in the ruins of Kinereh, and Babylon perhaps, specimens of all kinds of glass mann- owtored centories ago are found. Mr. KASSON. Where do you find any cut-^MB? Mr. RANNEY. Does it state whether the glass so found was cut or Mr. SPRINGER. I will read further and we wiU see: aad AluaadriaKlaa*- works were In oparattoa at the Uma «f ttiabo Aeeavding to Tlieopb^astws the art waa ptaeMeed thraa uidniBy. and sereaty yean before Chriil, aad Iha ptoeesMS of catting or grladiac af gikling and coloring were then in use. I might dte manv other facts in history of the same kind Mr. TOWN8HEND, of Illinois. What wm the tariff of that day • Mr. SPRINGER. There wm free trade in glass at that time. Mr. KELLEY. I would suggest to the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Sprinoeb] that he print in addition to the article he is reeding Wen- dell Phillips's lecture on the Lost Arts; so that he may have the whole of it in. Mr. SPRINGER. If the genUeman from Pennsylvania [Mr. KXL- ley] would only consult that lecture, I have no doubt that he would find that many of the articles which he proposes by this bill to tax 40 to 100 per cent, ad valorem to protect as in^int industries were known to the ancienta, and their mannfiwtare is one of the lost arts. Mr. KELLEY. We are trying to restore the lost arts. Mr. SPRINGER. Hat glass manniacture is not »"m>ng them. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. Mr. SPRINGER. As my time has expired, I woold like to have printed in the Recx>rd some further extracts. The CH.\IKM.\N. There are two minutes remaining of the time allowed for debate on this paragraph. Mr. BLAND. I think only ten minutes on this side has been occu- pied. The CHAIRMAN. Something more than ten minutes. Mr. McKINLEY. I will take the floor and yield the two minutes remaining to the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Sp&ikoes], so that he may be enabled to read again from the President's message, which I observe he has not yet done in the speech he is now making. [Lan^- ter.] Mr. SPRINGER. How much time have I now? The CHAIRMAN. About one minute. Mr. SPRINGER. I thank the honorable gentleman from Ohio [Mr. McKinley] for his kindness. I regret that I can not quot*' an extract from the President's message on this subject. He was silent on the gla.S8 question. The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. McKraLEY] claims that this busi- neas is not profitable in this country with a duty of 50 per cent, ad va- lorem, the present rate. The Census bulletin bias furnished us a state- ment of the manufacture of cut and stained glass. From that bulletin it i^pears that the whole product of that article in this country during the census year amounted to $2,435,000; that the amount of wages paid the laborers daring that year was $700,000. Now, a duty of 40 per cent, ad valorem on a product of f*2, 500,000 woold amount to $1,000,000. Therefore the manufacturen* of cut-glass received as a bounty npoa that manufitcture more than $300,000 in ex- ceas of the whole amount of wages paid to the employ^ in that busi- neas. Yet they say, after having a tariff which pays a* bounty of three- tenths more than all the wages paid to their laborers, that they can not live upon it, and come here and cry for more. Mr. DINGLETY. Is the duty laid upon the foreign valuation or the h<Mne valuation ? Mr. SPRINGER. Upon the foreign. If this industry «m not live with a botmty of 40 per cent ad valorem, then it is one of that kind of industries described yesterday by the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. KA880N] as unprofitable in its nature and should be abandoned. The CHAIRMAN. The time fixed by order of the House for debate upon the pending paragraph and all amendments thereto has expired. The question was upon the amendment of Mr. TUCKKK, in line 542 to strike out "fil\y " and insert "forty " as the ad valorem duty on all articles of glass, cut, engraved, etcheil, &c. The question was taken ; and the amendment was not agreed to upon a divusion — ayes 60, noes S6. Mr. TUCKER. I now move to amend by striking out " fifly " and iiuwrtin^ "forty-five." The question was taken; arxi upon a divixion there were— ayes 77. noes 99. Before the result of the vote was annonnoed, Mr. TUCKER called for teUere. TeUers were ordered; and Mr. Tuck KB and Mr. Haskell were ap- pointed. The committee again divided; and the tellers reported that ther« were — ayes 65, noes 94. So the amendment was not agreed to. The Clerk read as follows: All xtaas bottles and decanter* and other like veasels of glass shall, if filled, pay the same rate* of duty, in addition to any duty chargeable on the contents, ss If not tiUed, except sa in this set otherwise specially provided for. Mr. COX, of New York. I believe this is the same duty upon which we have already voted. I do not wish to take a vote a second time ; but I ask to make a few rcmarkn, inasmuch as that is the only privilege we have on this fioor. This bill is probably intended to go through at some remote time and in some curious form. The CH.\IKMAN. What amendment does the gentleman propose? >Ir. CDX, of New York. To strike out the hut wonL I wanted to reply to the genUeman from West Virginia [Mr. Wii.B0lf ], but I do«ot see him in hi« seat now. so I will not reply. 1883. OONGRBSSIONAL RECORD—HOUSK 2047 Mr. HASKELL. GiTC it up. Mr. CXJX, of New York. I never "give up" anything when I am on the right side. Tbeother day I "gave up" a matter MXMit so^ re- luctantly ; and within one hoar from that tune I received a telegram fW>m Wilmington, Delaware, showing jnst where the little fraud Mont soap came in. It was on caustic soda. I want this telegram to be pub- lished in the Rexx>BD. Seveftal Members. Read it Mr. COX, of New York. I will let it be read. It shows how tlteso various questions are complicated. Caustic soda enters into the manu- facture of thLi very glam, as into the manufacture of soi^ And unices gentlemen are omniscient and can tell all the various chemical c(Mn- poonds in these various other articles in our schedules they will be cheated in voting for selfish personal interests, even asainst their best ideas. Now, before the telegram is reatl and while the Clerk is arranging it, • I profoae to give my friend from West Virginia [Mr. Wilson], whom I now see in his seat and who seems to be a Democratic protectionist, whatever that u, a lesson from my teacher Bastiat. His >iews I might supplement by those of Dr. Wayland, the distinguished American writer on political ei-onomy, from whom I received my own teaching. The gentleman from West Virginia tells us that I am here in the in- terest of the importer and the English manufacturer. What ri^t has a gentleman like him totalk thus to or about me, as if I were acting in the interest of these meo ovtnde of my own country ? I represent my eooelitaency. They are not importers; they are workingmen. But if H wefe otherwise, I say that importers have rights in this country as well as those who appeal to us here to legislate to advance their selfish booB^-fed interests. I will give to the gentleman from West Virginia a good, old-&shi<med, healthy Democratic lectura on political economy from Bastiat Bastiat is for all time, and he is not to be disregarded. His logic is wit; it is concentrated logic: InnMJ"^ a legialaUve aaembly composed of produccia— I make no allusion to the gentleman from New Jersey, who is looking at me [Mr. Breweb] ; 1 mean the ceramic and earthen-ware proprietor — of whom each member should cause to pass into a law bis secret desire as a pro- 4aoer. The code which woald emanate fh>m such an assembly could be noth- lactaisystematixed monopoly; thesoardtv theory put into practice. In the same manner, an assembly in whicn each member should oonsnlt only his inamediate interest of oonnumer woold aim at the systematixinaof free trade ; the sun>ression of every restrictive measnre ; the destruction of artUk^ barriera ; In a word, would realise the theory of abundance. It follows, then, that to eoaseM excluaively the immediate interest of the pro- ducer is to oonsult an anti-social inU'reat. To take exclusively for basis the in- tereM of the consumer is to take for basis the genrral interest. Let OM be permitted to insli* once more upon this point of view, tbouarh at a rlik at rapatition. A radical antsconism exists between the sellar and the buyer. tbt fonder wishes the article ofTered to be aoaroe, supply small, and at a hi|{li prioe. The latter wishes it abundant, supply large, andat a low price. This logic is irrefragable. It can not be broken. The logic of the gentleman from West Virginia, pleading to tax all to help his pet local industry, is as fragile as the little glass tumbler which he tendered to nay friend from Virginia [Mr. Tuckkb], and which was broken in pass- ing it around. It will not hold water or anything else pure. [Laugh- ter. Here the hammer fell. ] I desire that the telegram that I referred to may be read if I have any time remaining. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman's time has expired. Mr. OOX, of New York. Let it be printed in the Record. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair bean no objection to the printing. The telegram is as follows: WiunxoToa. Dcu, F\ibruary I, ISSa BepresenUtive Oox, of New York, ira<MM0toa: If yoa want cheap soap for the people why don't you a<lvocate lower duty on oao*»c soda, used everywhere, especially by thenpoor, under the nameof aapon- Uar, for converting kitchen grease into soap? The manufacture of caustic soda iseliieflv in the hands of a monopoly— the Pennsylvania Salt Company— which has paid as high as 40 per cent, per annum in dividends. The flflv-doflar stock or the oompany now sells for ninety, and is held mainly by capitalists, who are lattsotag oo the necessities of the people. The same monopoly also largely con- trols btoaitxMiate of soda, or saleratuA, used in every family for making bread. Oct the dotv lowered on these two things and you will carry relief to homes of nepoor. Themonopolyissaidtogetitsraw material or soda in free from abroad m oegaise under name of kryolite, while nalt.the ordinary source (W>m which soda products are obtained, pay heav/duty. It therefore needs little or no protection on the oMMlie soda and bicartmnate of Hoda it manufactures. J. W. HARPER. Mr. WILSON. I move to strike out the last word. The point I made was that the views of the English manufacturers are in accord with the argument made by the gentleman from New York [Mr. Cox]. They are the views of the importer and the jobber. They are crying aloud for low duties in the United States, and by public cards, letters, drculare, and all that kind of thing are appealing to members of Con- gress to keep down the duty so that the American manufacturer can not compete with the foreign producer. I did not mean to say that the gentleman [Mr. Ooi] was the employed agent of those interests, paid •0 moc^per month. Mr. CX5X, of New York. You had better not say that I did not undenitand you to say any such thing. Nobody has ever said that of me. I have never had a stain on my boDor. Mr. WILSON. I did say, however, that the argtiment of the gen- tleman was ezaetly the aignment of the Enslish manufacturer. Mr. COX, of New York. Becaase an En^ishman says two and two ' make four, am I to lie and say that two and two make five? N« [Laughter and nyplause.! Mr. WILSON. I can imagiiie, Mr. Chairman, that when tide even- ing the report of the moectk of the gentleman trmn New Toric [Mr Oox] shall have flashed by wire across the vasty deep and been ?«ndlir the English manufacturer — I imagine I hear him gay: Tickle me Oozey , oh I tickle ae. 4o : " You tickle me. and rutieAcleyov.*' [Laughter.] I received to-day a letter ftom Mr. Brockunier, sayii^ "Give us the duty recommended by tiie Tariff Commission and by the Committeeon Ways and Means, and we can keep our enterprises up; but if you do not give us that duty those enterprises most go down." Here is an enterprise involving an outlay of many millions, ooosum- ing materials produced in nuuiy of the States of this Union, employing many thousands of our American laboring men. I say that he who te oppoeed to keeping up these enterprises is in fitvor of feeding Europevi laborers and taking the' breed from the mouths of the America^ laW- ers. [Here the hammer fell.] The CHAIRMAN. As the Chair understands, the gentimnan from West Virginia withdraws his pro forma amendment Mr. OOX, of New York. After such a qweeh m that I would with- draw from the House. [Laughter.] The Clerk read as follows: Fluted, rolled, or rough plate-glass, not including crown, cylinder or window-glass, not ezceedmg 10 by 13 inches square, n oenU per one .. square feet ; above thatand not exceeding 1« by 24 inchee eqaarerioMit pari foot ; above that and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square, 1 cent and ab(„ square foot ; all above that, 2 cento per square foot. And all fluted, roUedTor rough plate-glass weiring over one hundred pounds per one hundred saoare feet shaU pay an additional duty on theexoees at the same rates herein impoeed Mr. WHEELER. I move t<f amend by striking out, in line 549, the words "or common window-^aas" and inserting at the end of the par- agraph the words "common window-glass, 2 per cent ad valorem." Mr. Chairman, in my country the people have to drink water out of gourds, and the freedmen have to use planks instead of glass for their windows. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Pennsylvania riaea to a point of order, and he will state it Mr. ERRETT. This pantgraph excludes window-glafls. The pai»- graph following thia does apply to common window-glass, but this does not, and the gentleman's amendment is therefore not germane. Mr. WHEELER. I withdraw my amendment, th«», for the preaoit Mr. TOWNSHEND, of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, I move, in line 650, to strike out "70 "and insert "20;" in line 552 to strikeout "loent" and insert "<me-third of 1 cent;" and in line 554 to strike out "IJ cents" and insert " three- fourths of 1 cent" Now, Mr. Chairman, the rates provided by law at the present time are in the first two instances three times the amount {nvpoeed by my amendment, and in the last twice as much. The report of the Treasury shows tJiat the amount of revenue col- lected laet year from these classes of f^im was $13. 16, and the «■• «f- fidal estimate of revenue for the next yew pot it on these articles at $13.16. Now, sir, these are articles which enter largely into use all over the country, and are used especially for lighting stores. This duf^ li bo more nor less than a bounty. There is no revenue in it It is a bounty to the manufacturers of this class of g^aas. It is i»ohibition against all importations of this grade of this article. The fftct is apparent, Mr. Chairman, to all that this session of Con- gress has not accomplished, and probably will not aooompliah, anything of importance but two purposes — one is the laying of taxes and the other the expenditure of the public funds. We have been engaged for some time upon a bill which proposes to raise aootething over $200,000,000 for the national Treasury, and indirectly something nsar $1,000,000,000 for the manufacturing class of thecountzy. This legie- lation of the present Congress actually does divide the country into two classes of people, the tax-payers and the taz-consumen. Now, from whom are these le^ and vaet sums of money to be raised, and to whom are they to go? The statistics of the census show that the whole number of persons engaged in manufacturing industries are lees than 3,000,000. Hence this class isprotected at the expeiMe of all the other industries and all the other classes of people. How is the money raised which goes into the podceli oi this fltvored class and into the pockets of the tax-oonsumen? There are but two claoMa of them, one the office-holding class and the other the monopo- lists and their dependents. Where does the money come fhnn? It is coined oat of the toil aad the sweat of the people. Evenr time the ftnner tums a fturow, enfj time the blacksmith strikes a blow, every time the carpenter drives a nail, they are helping to raise these vast sums for this atvond daw Mr. BAYNR Wfll the gentleman allow an intenrapMon ? Mr. TOWNSHEND, of Illinois. Not now, becanee I have not tine oiongh to yield. Now, in the fiioe of this fiM;t it is the dn^ of OoogreM to scrutinize all the items in the bill and to scrutiniae all the itentf hi the appropriation bills. But what a scene was presented in this He 4 J0f: 21)48 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— HOUSE. Febbuaby 3, While engaged in this task of filching from the pockets of tlw mmnj to go into the pockets of the few, thera cMne into this Hoose ^B <tg««< of aairthrr oommittee nmngnil in the task of finding ways to spcad the money, who proposed to ToCe away $20,000,000 of the peo- ple's nkoney under a sospenmon of the mles, without the privilege of delwto or amendment [Here the hammer fell.] Mr. HORB. Mr. Chainnao, we have listened from thebepcinningof this debate down to the present time to speeches aboat the hardships of the laboring masMS in this conntry. The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Towhshkxd], especially, seems always io have with him the toil- ing millions. ^ In plodding through life I have noticed one thing to be generally trae. It ia this: that the men who are continually indulging in these rodomon- ■t all the capital and organized labor of the cotmtry do not I from among the wortdng classes. All this kind of talk comes as ml thing from men with soft hands and flabby mnsdes, men who r earn theii living by the sweat of some other man' s brow . threat lang^ter.] That is the general condition of the men who are always prating so much about the suffering poor. The gentlemen on that side of the Hoose are continually telling us that we on this side of the Hoose are evidently intending to pass noth- ing but a protective tariff bill, and they are daily holding up their hands in holy horror beeanse we are standing by the protective features of this bill and by all the great industries of this country. Why, bless your pious souls ! gentlemen, have you not yet learned that prote<-tion to thmb home indnstries has be^oneof thccardinal doctrines of ourporty Itar MOn %bajx a qaarter of a century? From the organization of the Republican party down to the present tisse it has always beeq inscribed on our banner, and, for one, in the '•contests yet to come, I do not desire to see that banner lowered one iotab The oentleman from Illinois [Mr. TowNSHE>'DJandthegentle- ■iB from New York [Mr. Cox] took much pains a day or two ago to -remind us that the lobbies had been filled with men whose interests were to be affected by the passage of this bill, and that these men hail "been presenting their views to our Committee on Ways and Mean.s. I wouldlike to inquire if there ia anything wrong in that ? Is tbatakind -of lobbying that is objectionable ? Has it come to this, that it is dis- reputable for mento#}me before the committees of this House and ex- plain the necBMities and peculiarities of the legitimate business in which they are engaged? I had supposed that such a course was com- le. I had sapposed that in framing laws which will affect the interests of Uie country that we are justified in getting all the I and seeking all the light possible. Mr. TOWNSHEND, of Illinois. I only read an extract from the Repablican newspaper which is the Eepublican organ in this dty. Mr. HORR. Very well, and then the gentleman from New York, my delightfril friend [Mr. Cox], took op the same line of thought, and ridienled the idea that men of this country who were interested in proposed legislation should come here and look after their several in- terests. And both of yon have more than once referred to that £ict as allowing something wrong or improper as connected with the mission ot snch men here at the coital. Is it not singular how some men's olfiict4jries seem to be adjusted? If yon will take notice you will find that they seem all the time to be sur- rounded by an atmosphere of bad odors. [Laughter.] It matters not tottem that the earth is coversd with pinks and violets and roses: iltnre ia no ftagranee for them. They seem only to delight in ccss-pools und sewers, in pntrid flesh and decaying garbage. [Laughter.] To hear these men talk, Mr. Chairman, you would think we had certainly fallen on terrible times. They would have ns believe that all sweetness and goodness, all honor and integrity have lefl our country and that men live here in the United States simply lor the purpose of preying upon their fellow-men; that selfishness and greed have taken full pos- iiession of our people. Now I protest against this untruthful and one-sided view of the peo- ple of this country. We are uot the worst set of men in the world. Ob the contrary, no nation can show more kindness to the poor, more taoder oare tat the unfortunate, more legislation in £ivor of the work- ing aMMea, man moral courage, more genuine integrity, more bn8ip««8 iMnor, BMMra lofty patriotism uiau exists to-day right here in the United Stales. Then why this constant belittling of our institutions and this wholwale abuse of our business men? Why this constant effort to draw only the dark side of the picture ? Why be at all times inhaJing y^ effluvia which arises from the rotten eoMyook ai the root of the hoah and forever forgetting the flower at its toipt And, as I have already said, this constant railing against all the oqpaiaed labor of the country, against all the combined capital of the iMitiaB, wMom qiringi from any geDoine lore of the workingmen ; it is really the cheap cIJH[>-trap of the demagogue. Mr. Chaiiman, I do not envy the man who goes about simply hunt- ing Ibc aoMMthing to find fault with, for somebody to aoeoaa cif doing imartiiiig mean. Life at best, to most of us, is a hard afenigKle; it is loll ot dkmppoiaimmM, ftill, oAen, of ^ef and sorrow; and the da^, at aeoBM to me, ef all tme afenleMnaBBhtp is not to try ud increaee the burdens of life, but rather to strive to make them more easily home. This eternally grumbling and finding fault only tends to diaooarage men and to make lliniii lYiwaiiirflriil with their lot in life, whereas oor duty is to try and give them hope and courage, that they may the better endure the ills that all flesh is heir to. For one, I would much rather speak well of my country and its institntions than to be continually finding fault with everybody and everything within its borders. We on this side of this Hoose desire to paws this tariff bill ; but I fear you do not intend to permit us to do anj-thlng of the kind. If you do, why do you continue to make the same sipoei^es precisely forty times in BUCCeMion? [Lao^ter.] Why not vary them just a little? We know about the workingmen and his interests fhll as well as you do on that side of the Chamber. This entire bill is drawn in the interest of American labor for the protection of workingmen in these United States against the pauper labor of the Old World. It is a very familiar subject to all Republicans. Then why not give us an occasional speech on some other topic. My friend from New York [Mr. Cox] did viuy it a little this morning by his speech taken from Shakspeare; and, again, as he did the other day, by ridiculing the red locks of my friend I'rom Colorado [Mr. BeltobdJ who stands here near me. [Laughter.] It seems to me the gentleman fh>m New York and myself are the last men in this House who should indulge in andl jMsonalitics, or even al- lude to the peraonal peculiarities of memb«t hare. I know the gentle- man from New York has eminent abilit}' in that direction. He seems to eiy oy it, too, as long as he is going for some one else ; but if the tables happen to be turned on him the case is very different. Do not yon all remember a little drubbing he got last session, when some one referred to some of his smortcomings, and how be whined like a ' ' whipped child. ' ' To keep up the quotations from Shakqteare let me say this much of this modem Cssar of wit and repartee: I did bear him groan : Ay, and that toagoe of his, that bwde the Romanw Mikxk. him. and write his apTOebM in their bookn, Alaa I it cried, ffire tne ao«M iMitmk, Tltiniufi. Ab • aiok rirl. [Great laughter.] The CHAIRMAN. Debate upon this amendment is exhausted. Mr. TOWNSHEND, of Illinois. I move to strike out the last word. Mr. Chairman, I looked with sorrow upon the returns, and, as sug- gested by my friend on the other side, with feelinp akin to weeping, at the returns from Michigan in the last elolion. I had great ftar, sir, that on that memorable occasion my distin^ished friend [Mr. HORBJ would fiiil in his election.- For I was, kno^ving of my own election to the next Congress, very mnch afraid that he would not be here, and I would rather go to a circus without a clown than to come here without the gentleman from Michigan to entertain this Hou.se. But, sir, the gentleman from Sfichigan an<l myself are, no doubt, true representatives of the interests which sent xis here. I am sent here to represent the agricultural constituencies of my district and State as well as the general interests of the whole country, and there is not a man among them but who is being plundered for the purpose of enriching the interests which send him here. I represent a farmmg community; the gentleman from Michigan represents a salt well, and therefore I perhaps ought not to complain at him for advocating protection, for he thereby protects his constituency at an expense of GO to 100 percent, upon my con- stituency as well as the country at large; I ought not to complain of the zeal of gentlemen representing the protecte<l interests on this floor, and would not if my people were not the suffcrerM thereby. They are repre- senting the interests of the class which in enriched by the farming classes of this country ; enriched by the labor imd toQ of those who till the fields and raise the great products which have made this country rich and power- ful. They have a legal right to do this. Wliat I do complain of now is that these gentlemen, when they know thitt I am representing a con- stituency that is daily plundered by this ijdious system of tazataon, seek to deprive me of the right to rise on tliis floor and protest fpiwt a fhrther imposition upon them of the onerins burdens of this system; that would have mesit supinely in my seat and let my people go unrepre- sented in snch a controversy vitally affecting their wel&re. I can not get up here to make a five-minute speech protesting against these out- rages upon theagriculturistsof the whole country but they cry, "Vote," ' ' Vote, ' ' and seek to put me down. Mr. REED. It is because you make the same speech every time. [Laughter.] It is not the q>eech we complah^f so much as it is the monotony of the thing; we want a change. Mr. TOWNSHEND, of Illinois. I do not wish, sir, to discuss the matter further. I shall whenever I feel it my duty to do so enter my protest against such ii^uatiee to my people, even if I am unable to pre- vent it I yield the remainder of my time to the gentleman from New Yorlf. Mr. COX, of New York. I would like to have five minutes in my own ri^t. Mr. Calkins rose. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman fiom Illinois yield the re- mainder of his time ? He has two minutes remaining. ^» ^ *v 1883. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— HOUSE. 2049 Mr. TOWNSHEND, of Illinois. I yield the two minutes to the gen- tleman from New York [Mr. Cox]. Mr. Cox, ofNew York, rose. Mr. CWLKINS. Does the recognition of the Chair pass to the gen- tleman from New York? The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Townshknd] yielded to the gentleman from New York the two minutes which re- main of Iiis time. Mr. COX, of New York. I should prefer having the floor in my own right If the gentlemtin from Indiana desires the floor now I will yield it to him with delight, and will take the floor afterward in my own right Mr. CALKINS. Oh, no; let the gentleman proceed now. Mr. COX, of New York. If there is anything between my friend from Colorado [Mr. Belford] and myself, as to our respective personal ap- pearanoe in any amicable action and agreed statement of factA, that is our business. We do not want these great, hefty, big, lumbering people fVom Michigan to come in between us. We have an understanding about that I am glad that by my speech the other day the gentleman from Colorado has become liberalized. I never knew a man so apt from his high relations to drink in purer air. Soon he will be with us on the sugar and wool, silver and soda. He is above us all; but with us on this side. Thoucb round bii bre— < the rolling olouda »re ^>rMMl, EtenuU aunahiiM aemw on hla head. [Great laughter. ] Now as to my friend fVom Michigan [Mr. Horb]. The House does not know, and I tell them this confidentially, the reason why my friend from Michigan has been so very seriously-minded this session, why he has fidled to oome up to that fine standard of humor we all expected from him, is not because he was beaten for Congress. He was not beaten. It is hard to beat a man in the West with that sort of unctions fhn in him; but I tell yon what is the matter; he has a twin [laugh- ter]— I mean a twin brother. Thai brother was nominated ia an Ohio district where there was 3,000 Republican minority. But the twin was beaten. And ever since our friend fh>m Michigan goes around the Uooae pawing for the twin. He wakes up in the middle of the night lind looks after his brother. [Laughter.] I like it; it is frstemxd; it is good; but it destroys that magnificent humor that formerly ja^ed itself through his veins. [ Laughter. ] Mr. CALKINS. I ask that the pending amendment be read. The CHAIRMAN. The pending amendment is simply to strike out Hm last word. Mr. TOWNSHEND, of Illinois. I withdraw it Mr. CALKINa I renew it Mr. CALK INS. Mr. Chairman, I reeegnize that it will be pretty hard work to get the attention of the oommittee to the substantial condition of affitiis respecting this class of ware now under consideration; and the remarks which I submit apply notonly to the clause under consideration but to the three following items which relate to the plate-glass works of this country. , I may say in the first place that the Committee on Ways and Means in this bill have maintained the same rate of tariff provided in the pres- ent law; that is essentially so. It is not changed very much. The important fact to which I desire to call the attention of the committee is that this industry in the United States is about ten years old. I do BOi desire to indulge in talk about infant industries. I simply call the «Mentlon of the committee to the fact that the fiist plate-glaas works in this country were started about ten years ago. There are six now. I believe, in the United States. The De Pauw glass-works, located at New Albany in my State, lost $000,000 before the account on the other side of the ledger showed a balance ia their favor. The works at Saint Louis, Missouri, lost $500,000; the factory at Jeffeison\ille lost $300,000; the Louisville fito- tory over $400,000; the Pennsylvania factory over |000,000, and the one in Maanchusetts lost |1, 100, 000 before the ledger slwwed any profit on the other side. Since these industries have gotten upon their leet they have paid from 1 to 7 per cent on the amount inveated. That is the condition of them now. I call the attention of the committee to the further fiict tiuit over 75 per cent of all these manu&ctured products is labor. And I call the attention of the committee to the fbrther fact that since this plate-glass manufiKture was started in Great Britain, fVom 1671 to 1856 that gov- ernment maintained a protective tariff higher than any protective tariff that we have ever laid upon thw industry. And I call the attention of the oommittee to the fact that when France embcu-ked in this trade she laid a prohibitory duty upon this ware five times higher than we have «Ter laid upon it I also call the attention of the committee to the fbrther &ct that when our capitalists b^pan this industry the price of this plate-glass in this ooantry was $1.50 a sunare foot It averaged about that price; a gentleman beside me says f2.S0; the statistics I have in my hand make it $1.50. But since this industry has gotten on its feet and the mano- ftctnrers have been protected in making this class of goods the price has gone down to 90 cents, and it rests there now. xiy- •129 In a five-minute debate, Mr. Chairman, I can not enter into a > toon of this interesting subject; but I Mk leave to publish a i which I hold in my hand, which gives the statistics with m this industry. This was furnished me by Mr. De Pauw, of the New Albany Plate-Glass Works, a man whose genius and industry hM m^Af him one of the foremost manufacturers of his country. The statement is as follows: PACT* ooifCEaRiito THK KAJtuFACTuas or TtJtTm^itMm la PhOe-fflMs ia eMeatially a luxury. OoOttpAftipQs Foreman oaatinc^hooae, p«r Oa«tinK-hou«e mLzcn, per week Furuaoe and table men, per Uriiidii>ic-men, per week- Uriitding-boys, per week- 8iikoottiing-iuen, per week HiaoothiuK-women, per week». SmooUiing-^rla, per week. PulMiinsHDen, per week- „.. Poliehinf SMiiitauU, per week.. WarebouM packer*, per week._ Maohine laborers, per week laao 8SS uoo 14 70 4« 14 80 • 80 488 88 80 17 n 15 15 910 £ US 00 I eoo 680 1 80 «M> I ss 1 80 • 90 890 • 90 400 •9 87 SOS • 88 487 1 87 • 87 1 87 1 80 487 sn 4 00 480 £ 80 80 70 00 68 04 i • 88 10 8i t« 10 88 888 I» 78i All above wages exoepl Engliah are wages current in U8S. English wages are those paid in 1878 as per United States «w««^iW report i year. More than 78 per oent of the oust of f^nU glasi is direeUy aad tadlieell^ n^TV«LAas TAaiFr or — iii iiiii J^rss. it 1871— Plate-glass not mentioned, but all ^aas not mentioned, 87 oents the pound, makii^, oountlng 84 potinds to the square foo4, th* •quaro foot f. _ ,_ „ „„ gi f0 1819— Per square foot ^ „. 1829— Under 9 feet square Over 9 feet square and under 14 Ibet sqoars ....... Over 14 feet square and under 88 fioet squareu Over as feet square ...... ttM&— Under 9 leet square Over V feet square and under 14 feet squars ....... Over 14 feet square and under 36 feet square....... Over 36 feet square _ 1847— under 9 feet square Over 9 feet square, and under 14 feet square Over 14 feet square, and under 88 teet sqears Over 38 feet square 1S48— under 9 feet square „ Over 9 feet square, and under 14 feet square Over 14 fleet square, and under 30 feet square...... Over »• leet square „ „ ,-.. UBS— to now— plate-gisss fkee. i«a 1 88 tm The iniportation of plate-class into Pranoe was prohibited penalty. Fur example: In the law which was annulled iu 1788, the tariflT oa li ths - -. large mirror* (all of which are made from plate-glass) reads thus: "Importatioaof mu^ rors prohibited under pain of confiscation and £3,000 penalty ; and under the then laws a failure to pay the [penalty sent the importer* to prison. Prom this time until the conventional taniTof ISOO, it (plate-iriass) has either been prt>hil>> ited or a tariff duty more than double as high as the highest ever levieoin the United States effectually excluded all foreign glass, and firmly Mlahlished im Pranoe the largest, most complete, and suooassful mirror ■nd|iei1ia|issh*rl ghw establishments in the worid. Every man or oompany who has attempted to make platfi gisss in rtiiisslss luui met with either aljsolute failure or immense losses, rtf De Pauw Otass Works up to Januaay 1, 1879, had lost ovei'8a00,000. aad since then have not gained 5 per oent. per annum profit on t*!*"*' bivesteo. The Saint Louis footory lost 80a.,000 and changed hands, aad siass 1878 has eoly made a total of 7 per oent. profit, or 1 per eenU per annum. The JeflTersonviUe Csetory lost about 8800,000. The Ix>ui8ville fkotory over $400,000. The Pennsylvania factory over 1000,000. The Mssssohiwetts factory over 81,100.000. The industry wan only b^grun about ten years ago, aad has only fktrtyl cstablisbed the past two ^ears. The manufacture is in ita infancy. Slatement tttowing Ot« q%tantUy and value of Mut, poMs^sci. oad ylal*| vtred, imparled and entered /or eonsumpHoik, isttfc tha amommt oftlmhf .aadUseeersflsdMtvredMSsdlsad' average vaUieper unit of quantity, tutd the *mg muK Jbeai^emrfram 1874 (s 1881, fasta ' ended Jooe 80— 1874... 1«75... 1878... 1877... 1878... 1S79... 1880... 1851... Quantity. Bqmart/mt. 11,85«.00 15,084.00 is.soaoo 17,905.00 1O.8B8.00 M8, 90.80 88,164.07 130^800Ll« Value. •1.71S0O t,imm 8,8a 00 X.8BSS0 i.assoo 8,711 00 1«,300 00 14,878 00 M. 480 00 faou 413 08 486 00 saoM 807 as 480 14 8,881 98 1.044 04 8,984 88 hi < 10. as .184 .188 .1S> .ur ^kO \\.m M.«i 18.48 ia«r M.8> \ 9050 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— HOUSE, February 3, 1883. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUBK , mmd flail giitm Continued. Tmt ended Jaae 30- QaMitity. ia,fln.oo 18.M7.W 8,U7.7S 10,00.00 1S,«OI.10 S7,SI7.iO 4S,1».80 88, 114. » 19S,S48.58 VaIiml |ii.O«00 3,787 00 3,auoo 5.113 00 4,413 00 8,724 00 14.721 00 28,80 00 Sl.VMOO fB87n «S8B oat 15 on 08 1,885 88 2,300 29 4,405 71 7,777 4S in.<is .281 .445 .404 .330 0-3 > *• « < 7.« 10.87 11. 23 12.38 14.27 15.19 AboT« M by 34 MMl not kboTe 34 br SO InohM. 88.280.80 M. 170.50 1OI,»<0.OO i«.aaL7S 8a,a«.oo 90,434.01 197,804.92 88,805 00 37,084 00 07,008 00 55,781 00 33,100 00 a,8noo so.ao'oo 04,1JBOO U7.«B00 4,1«20 4,433 90 8,135 38 7,104 23 4,087 34 7,234 70 12,0M 40 18,804 40 25,220 23 .807 .040 .857 .887 .872 11.48 11.71 1X17 12.74 14.10 2L48 ▲bov* 34 bjr 20 and not aboTs 34 br 80 inches. UK.. 1835... 1898.. ton.. MS.. 491,408.80 327,980.50 442,700.80 458,704.00 392,804.18 902,071.08 719,372.08 801,219.05 980,201.88 211,064 00 295,051 00 340,900 00 238,190 00 288,588 00 240,480 00 285,419 00 280,707 00 38S.478 00 101,791 98 78,010 25 110,950 99 114,876 00 98.148 54 140,517 78 179.84V 27 172.804 87 347,590 40 .087 .m .770 .720 .720 33.74 30.02 32.43 35.18 34.25 80.80 31 brio wn."' "7.ri::."ri;;.'...! m>......-^.....~.....~ — .. 1,474,308.25 1,385,088.08 1,004,218133 1,017,117.85 790,779.20 880,63M2 874,521.04 1,300,211.41 1.4Bft,21&00 1.272,794 00 1,385.142 00 943,958 00 'm,744 00 808.680 00 t21,4(A00 V0.741 00 W2,245 M 801,083 00 080.478 22 885,228 79 5U.710 07 808,86*77 378.380 85 434,817 98 437,280 81 (Q1.110 70 7/7.800 UO .883 .979 .902 .887 .830 80.13 4&00 54.21 38.35 87.44 ^s .414 130.98 JOSEPH NIMMO. Jm.. Chief of BMrmw. r, BtmsAU or 9rATiirn«». Janitary 9, 1883. I noticiicarefally coi i'et>ondiiic»dT>k>rrm dutiee, lff74tol878, tncluaiTe- Tbe duty being apeciflc per aqtuur* foot, the CMvemment ■ttacl>ee no impor- Innee to and <mree nothing for v*lu« of gooda. «nd we clAun tlve ftvemge duty ftoaa Ifl74 to 1878, iooiiutve, isthf! juat and proper ad vslon^m duty on which e»- limatea aboald be beaed, beoMtee : Pink These yesn were the ytmn of gresteat deyrf ion in all brmnohes of tnkde. and cooaeqiaently lowest prices. Second. These retams were correct, liecauae made before the great effort of the importers in fkll ot 1878 to secure a reduction in the plate glass duty in order to rain t^ American mantifaotwreis, who wvre getting a Ann foothold in the United States. The pilots ' n.80pe Um in the United States before a tarilT was levied was of iper sqoare After daty was leried, belbrs American fkctories competed, aboat 82.9D per aqnare foot. Mnce Ameriean ihotories have entered into market ttieir competition has re* ^■ssd prices, till now the average price is about 90 cents per square foot ▲a the United States imported last year over 3,000,000 feet the saving by Ameri- SMI eoinnetitl4>n to the people of the United States was one and three4)uarter ■ynisa deUarH over (^<ee.trade {yrir*-^ and nearly five niilHons over prices ruling kite* American fisctories came into competition. Multiply this by ten and you ■sa'lh^claim .imerioan plate manufacturers have on the people of the United fltaOes Ibr protection while in their infancy. And no part of this great reduction li doe either to improved methods or improved machinery, but solely to the ■kiwp eompetiyon of American manufiscturers with European. While this eaormons reduction and saving has been nutde the low pricesstlm- ■laled eoasonipCion, enlarged imports, and the revenue collected by the Oov- •■mment has gradually Innsasirt from 8770,371.Q3 in 1874, to $1,012,081.34 in 1882. Mr. KELLEY. I doain to more that the committee now rise. Mj.CARLISLE. I d88<ret08sy > word or two. I believe we can close tlM debate SDon by general conaent. Mr. KELLEY. Very well ; I will withdraw my motion in order that ny colleague on the committee [Mr. Carlisle] may be heard. Mr. Ca!R] JSLE. I simply desire to say that I think there is some ■iwippwihfnginn in the mindn of gentlemen in regard to this clanse. TIm Tarifl' CommisBion propoaeil to increase ^e duty on this class of |riMB by making it 45 per cent ad valorem. That is to say, the Tariff OBB&mkBion proposed to omit the special oiameration, the result of vUdi would have been that all of this ^ass would have come under the and paid 45 per ceai. ad valorem. The Committee on Ways and Means, however, have inserted this classification; and I call the aUisithm of gentlemen to the fiwrt that the duties proposed in this bill ai« TOty low. On thefiret size of glass the duty wUl be only h\ per cent ; on the next aise about 12 per cent. ; oa the next siae 30 per cent, and on the largeak siae a little over 46 per cent TheieJbre, it seems to me that these duties are in fu± very rea- sonable, except perhaps the doty on the largest sire, and that is not sm hi^ as other duties to which the committee has already agreed. Mr. RANDALL. There is no possible objection to this; let us vote (m the amendment Mr. TOWNSttEND, of Illinois. Do I understand the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. Caju-WLe] to suggest that my amendment ou^t not to be adopted ? Mr. CARLKLE. Yea ; I think tliera it • wiM|HMfiih8n8ion about the matter, for the duties here proposed an TOty km in eosnpahson with other duties to which the committee has acieed. Mr. TOWN8HEND, of lUinois. Then I will withdraw my amend- ment * The Clerk read as follows: Cylinder and crown glass, polished, not exceeding 10 by 15 inches square, H cento per square foot ; above that and not exceeding 16 by M inches square. 4 cents per sqiMra foot; above tlMU and not exceeding 14 by 80 inehea sqoare, 8 cenU per square foot ; alMve that and not exceeding It by 80 inehea, 30 oenU per square foot ; all above that, 40 oenU per square foot. Mr. TUCKER. I deaire to offer an amendment Mr. HASKELL. These are the Mae old rates. Mr. TUCKER. I kxtow they are; bat I desire to call the attention of gentlemen on the other side to what I did not noCioe when the sub- ject was before the Committee on Ways and Means Aoooiding to the rettims of the Bureau of BtatistioB of home consump- tion of imports a duty of 6 per cent per square foot is imposed on all this character of glass. The unit of value is 31 cents per square foot; and a duty of 20 cents per square foot as proposed in the latter part of this paragraph, will smount to 63 per cent on the glass of largest eiae. The unit of value is the same on that size of glass, and is only 6 cents per square foot I do not see why there should he that difference ia the duty. Mr. RAXD.\.LL. Will the gentleman tern Viipnia allow me a mo- knent? Mr. TUCKER. Certainly. I Mr. RANBALL. Under the first classification the duty on glass of ip by 15 inches square is 10.96 per cent ad valorem; on the seoodod size. n6t exceeding 16by24 inches square, the duty propoised is equal to 15. 45 per cent. ; on the next size, not ecceeding 24 by 30 inches square, the duty proposed is equivalent to 19.07 percent ; on the other size, not ex- oeeding 24 by 60, the duty proposed is eqtiivalent to 63.41 per cent. That is a new length and i Mr. T¥CK£R. Wliat is the new length and sise on which it is pro- posed to lay a duty of 20 cents per square foot? Mr. RANDALL. The size exceeding 24 by 30 inches square and noi exceeding 24 by 60. On tha9^ size the propoMd duty is equivalent to 63 per cent ad valorem. The others are all low. Mr. TUCKER The others are aM low enough; bat this pailicalar size, above 24 inches by 30 inches and not above 24 hy 60, is pnt in here with a duty ef 20 cents per square foot Mr. HASKEI-L. That is because of the large sise and the diflScnlty of smoothing and flattening oat the laijge cylinders of glass. )lr. TUCKER. I only want the mrmmetry of the hill maintained. Thirty-one ceuta per square foot is the unit of ralue of each of these sixes of glass; yet on ooe or more sizes there is proposed a duty of 6 cents per square foot and on another a duty of 20 cents per square foot, the unit of value being the same. Mr. H ASK ELK Bat the risk in inano&ctaring the larger v.aee is greater. Mr. TUCKER. I think that highest tato is toa hi^ and contrary to the symmetry of the bill. I therefore mofrw to 8*rik« out " 20 " and insert ''^lO" before thew(ml "cents," in line 566, as the daty per square foot Mr. COX, of New York. I would like to ask my friend from Vir- ginia why the Committee on Ways and Means on these claasfs of glass propose to levy a specific duty all the way along? Mr. TUCKER. My friend from New York [Mr. Ooi] wiU tatre to ask the gentleman in charge of the bill. Mr. OOX, of New York. Then I ask the gentleman from Kansss [Mr. Haskell] why it is that on these different kinds of riaas it ia proposed to levy a specific instead of an ad valorem duty? What is the object of that ? Mr. HAHKELL. The old law is tptd&c # Mr. COX, of New York. That is no reason. Mr. HASKELL. We adopted tike old law becaose manufftcturers of glass of this sort have for a great many years operated under that law, and it was regarded as unwise to change it or to make any reduction. There was no complaint from the importers or manufacturers of thr working of that law, and there was no complaint fit>m the consumer. There was a desire to retain the tptdfie- rates instead of ad mlorem rates, so as to allow the industry to go an as it has been going on h«re- tolbre. ao5i Tbfts reaaon for the incrram of rate ttam 6 oents to 20 cents per square Am* <m that grade of glass is beeauss of the increased risk in handling large cyUnders of ^ass blown ofui to form these large plates. It is difficult to get the laige plates of uniform thickness. When they are cut hot and q»read out on a table to he made perfectly flat and smooth the risk in handling the ghas is so mudi greater than w[ith the smaller tiwb that this accounts for the incrcUBe in the protection given. Mr. TUCKER. I can see why that increase of risk should increase tba value of the glass when the risk is surmounted; but when you see Mm tmit of value of that glass, just the same as the unit of value of tihe other glass, I do not see what the rii^k has to do with the matter, unless it increases the value^ which it does not do. Mr. HASKELL. The gentleman can understand that upon very large plates the same rate per foot runs up to a very large increased A«^Si^ polished and unpolishtrd cylinder, crown, and common window-glas», imported In boxes containing »» M|iisre fest. as nearly as sises will permit, now known Mr. TUCKER. But this is the value as imported, and upon it the duty is levied, which seems to show that the larger platea are not any more valuable than the others; and why should we increase the duty on them? Mr. HASKELL. As between the two grades of glass the cost is a great deal more for tiie larger plates. Mr. TUCKER. I move to amend by striking out " 20 " and insert- ing "10." The amendment was not agreed ta Mr. TUCKER. I move to amend by striking out " 20 " and insert- ing** 15." The amendment was not agreed to. t The Clerk read as follows: Unpolished cylinder, crown, and ootnmon window^glass, not exceeding 10 by 15 inches square, I i oents per poond ; above that and not exceeding l7 by S4 inches square, 3 cenU per pound ; above that and not exceeding S4 by 80 inches •«■"•, I* oenU per pound ; all above that, S eeoU per pound : Proeidsd. That polished and unpolisht^d cylinder. crown. and common window-) ' ~ ~ • sises will perm ,_ . , single tbiek and weighing not centered and computed as fifty « " •-- f < --— -- -..u^w, BWi» Imported in boxes containing, as neariy as sisM will permit, 80 feet of glaas. now known and oonunereisJiy designated as 30 feet of giaas, double thick and not exceeding ninety pounds in weight. siiaJl be rnten«d^and computed as eigiity pounds of glass onU ■ iMit in *U other cases the duty shall bs computed aooordlng to the actual weight of Mr. HERBERT. I move the amendment which I send to the desk. The Clerk read as follows: Unpolished cylinder, crown, and common window-glass, not exceeding 10 by 1« inrhtm w]ii&re. If cents per pound ; above that and not exoeeding 18 by 34 iuches square. U cents per pound ; above Uiat and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square, 2J oenU |>er pound ; all above that, 2i cents per pound. Mr. HERBEltT. The duty on common window-gUss is now on an average about 76 per cent This is an article of necessity, in universal use. The oommittee in this bill propose to stand hy the present rates. I have offered this amendment proposing a very slight decrease, not because 4t gbes as fitr as I think we ought to go in reducing the duty on this article, but far the purpose of getting a fair and square vote to test the question whether upon an article like this the minority of this Hooseare wiHing to give relief in any manner, even to the smallest extent, to the consumer. "^J**.**""" *o he aa imnression abroad that this House is engaged in redneing the tariff. I think this is a slander on the minority of tbia body. We are engaged in reducing the revenue, as is shown by 4te votojM* taken oai the proposition of the oommittee to raise the duty onAeooffatod i^ass, avowedly because it would prohibit importation and thus decrease revenue. That vote shows your purpose. It shows that Tou mean to make the tariff more prohibitory, more oppressive, than it is now. It shows that you mean to redu«3e revenue to take away revenues from the Treasury and give more bounties to the manufitct- urer. Now If you want to emphasixe your denial of the pnmositi<m that yon intend to give relief to the people vote down this amenchnent, which propoMS only to reduce the present exorbitant tariff of 76 percent abo«t 6 per cent all along the line. The gentleman from Pennsyh-ania [Mr. Batste] said the other day in a discussion here that more window-glass is now imported than is made m this country. I find the flgores am as follows: The imports of common window-glass in 1881 amoanted to 12,617,000. The manu- facture of window-glass in thiscountry in 1880, according to the census was |i."), 047, 000. ' Wb«Q I spoke on this question the other day I submitted a calcala- tion which I had made showing that the consumers In the United States '^'LE*-^^'^'^ *** ***** single industry for the production^ this single article abOBO.s of $2, 09o, 000. The revenue on this article to-day is $1 . 1 1 4. 163. Oertainly if gentlemen on the othersideof the House intend to jnve an v rebef mywhere in this bill to the people they will at leart vot*- for this projwmtion. I would myself fovora still gr^t«r reduction; buti have no Idea that any proposition going further than this can be carried I do not believe you will allow even this niggardlv redaction. Mr. ROBINSON, of Massachusetts. Does not the gentleman appre- aend that the proviw) attached to this clause makes a Wrv apnieciable Mr. HERBERT. To what extant t Mr. ROBINSON, of Maiwaehnsetto. Six or 7 per cent Mr. BAYNE. Seven and «M*alf per cent ^ ^'^ Mr. HERBERT. The«7J peraBntisyoar calculatioti? Mr. ROBINSON, of Massachusetts. I understand that to ha tha i Mr. HERBERT. Now, I propose bv this a«end««it a fSrSir ». dnction of not more than 7 per o«it Make the ealonlation youmelvea. and you will see that the reduction proposed in my aiMBdment is abMt 6 per cenL all along the line. [Here the hammer felL] Mr. EZRA B. TAYLOR Mr. Chairman, I i^iet that the caatlMMo firom Alabama [Mr. Hkrbkkt] should have aslaeftai tUi itSn ftr •V porpoae of aaoertaining what we are inclined to do in re^ud tothtshill ^erally. The nte reported hy the Committee <» Wi^s and Means m the present item is the rale recommended by the oommiasioa and corresponds with the present law, with the exomtton of a reduction ol 7 J per cent made in the proviso. This duty aflecto im industry whidi ought not to be weakened now— an industry which in many parta of the counter is etaggsring under difficulties and ought to heenooan«ed and protected if any industry is entitled to protection. Almost the entire amount of the value of the glMS hen aientifitted in this article arises from labor puT« and simple. And, Mr. Chairman, without calling the attention of the oommittoe further to the interest of this chtss of manu&cture and this item, I wkh to say that I have some difficulty myself in understanding the aivn- ments whidi I have heard in this House in refier8aoe to the questtoa ef protection. I think Tdo understand the qoestiaa of political eooooaay underlying this question is one of free trade «r paotection. I do noi understand, sir, that there is any standing plaes hstween those two lin«. I hear Members talk abeut incidental protection in a iaxHf for n Aa aqnestion of political economy, I do not understand what that i As was said yesteiday, if total protection is robherv , then in<-idental pco^ t«rtion is incidental robbery. In reference to the other question, the question of tariff for revenue alone, I can andentand there may he aqaeatioa of whether it is a mat- ter of prudence or wisdom to raise our revenne by imposts or by diiaoi taxati<m. Then I ask gentlemen on the aCkarside, if they ai« kgto- ally correct at all in reference to any of their aigumanta on that qnee- Uon, if it ia a matter purely of re^'eaae, then they have no more ri^t to select out one man's interest and apply protectton to it than they have in the case of open and avowed protection for protection's sake. And it becomes consistent and only consistent, where imposts fiw rev- enue shall be raised upon those articles which will most certainly and most largely prodtioe the amount of revenue necessary to ftuniah gor- emmental supi^ies. No man ou^t to stand here and talk about h&i logical position unless he takes one of these two groonda, prvteetaoo tat protection's sake or impost for revenue and revenue only. And " vrotild involve the application ef the question of what ia Only two positions are logical on the question of politaeai meamomj. m I think. If they come to that I will undeiBtand them, bvtwhesitiMif talk about incidental protection, wlien they talk about not strikii^ down the manuDactures of this ooontry, and the neoani^ of protect^ them to any extent, then I do aot understand what they mean. I nn- derstand gentlemen when they say they kne the dear people tenderiy and truly, and I believe that is ttne, because if a man £es BSt do that he will not tell it every day, and if he dooi he wiU tell rt every day, and those people who tell us ee often how much they love the peopla, and how tenderly, I know it is the Vrnth, because they are honorahla gentlemen. [Here the hammer fell.] Mr. BLAND. I desire, Mr. Cludrman, to move for a greater reduc- tion in the tariff on these articles. In line 570 1 move tostnke out " 1| cents per pound" andiitsert "one-half of 1 cent per pound;" and inline 571. to strike out "2 oents per pound" and in lieu theieof to insert " U cents per pound." As to the first amendment, Mr. Chairman, I will adopt the suggestion of my frimd near me, and make it 1 cent per pound instead of one-half cent per pound. Now, Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from Midtigu [Mr. HoBX] leei^ ured this side of the House because we had mentioned something abont the laboring man. The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Tatiok] who hm just addressed us made an i^ipeal for the hiJboring man, beeaase 90 per cent of the cost of articles was labor. But he did not tell ns how mndt the laborer received of that whether it was 40 or 60 per cent Bat this whole bill, BIr. Chainnan. in framed, if we are to believetbe protectionists, npon the idea that labor is to be protected, that we are in this biU legislating entirely in ihe interest of labor. Now, if that he true now is a favorable opportunity to give the laboring man in *«**«—>»i^ a light that will be ohejip. The laboring men in this country are in- terested in ( he«p window-glass, not only the agrioultnral laborer but the man ulactu ring laborer. It is a matter which pertains to eveiy laborer's household, and now is the epportunity given to the other side of the House to legislate in the interest of the labarer l^ giving bar cheiqier glass. The statistics show this is almost a prubibitory tariiH The gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. KkllctJ aiBai88itag»~' ferred to the ogodition of Ireland as an insCanee that flnse taais hai i poveriahed her people. He had fbivoMcn tfaat England wi »ia- 2052 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— H0U8K ^ Febbuaby 3/ 1883. ire nation and Uiat Ireland saffered as manj if not nM>re erils then > she now does under free trade. He forgets it is because of English kw and English manufacturing landlords who deny to the Irish people (he right to their soil and disinherit them from their homes that Irekmd te-daj aaftn. It is because Ireland is not free to regulate her own in- and exxjoj the product of her soil that she to-day is impor- That impoTerishment comes from the millionaire mannfact- of lv«gl*mi who claim the soil and who draw the substance from Ireland to pay rent. And that same system is sought to be inavgu rated Itf New England by these protective laws so as to redace the people of llie Weak to mere hewers of wood and drawers of water. And to-day aU oirer our Western prairies men owning iarms have been compelled to «MBa to E—t>im nianuCwturers for money and the mortgages upon those Anas aie fcrackaed and these fivass sold to Eastern creditors. Another Inland is to be made out of that Western country. This system will t^ tlie fitfiM of the West to the tariff barons of the East Een the hammer fell. ] . TUCK ER. Is debate ezhaosted on the pending amendment ? The CHAIRMAN. The gmllWMn can be heard for five minutes in opposition. Mr. TUCKER I more to strike out the last word. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from New York [Mr. Hiscxxnc], who riseu to oppose the pending amendment, ~ will then recognise the gentleman from Virginia. Mr. HISCOCK. Mr. Chairman, in reference to this industry I hawe a great deal said that this proposed reduction is in the interest of iht flumen and of the laboring man. But I have yet to hear any eri- ^haes that any dass of the people anywhere in this coxmtry aak this nteetkm. The bill before the House meets the approval of all classes of the people, as far as we are able to learn, with the exception of the Ibw gentlemen upon the other side of the House who are clamoring for t&is reduction. With that single exception, there is no expressioB Urom any